The DOI matches its Crossref record; 172 of the 175 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Emotional Brain, Fear, and the Amygdala
Open accessAbstract
1. Considerable progress has been made over the past 20 years in relating specific circuits of the brain to emotional functions. Much of this work has involved studies of Pavlovian or classical fear conditioning, a behavioral procedure that is used to couple meaningless environmental stimuli to emotional (defense) response networks. 2. The major conclusion from studies of fear conditioning is that the amygdala plays critical role in linking external stimuli to defense responses. 3. Before describing research on the role of the amygdala in fear conditioning, though, it will be helpful to briefly examine the historical events that preceded modern research on conditioned fear.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Briefly, the association between a stimulus predicting shock and the shock forms in basolateral regions of the amygdala.”
From Learned helplessness at fifty: Insights from neuroscience. (2016) · cites this paper as LeDoux, 2003
In the citing paper
“From there the information passes to the central nucleus of the amygdala, which in turns projects to the regions that control the behaviors and physiological responses that are the symptoms of fear (Davis, Rainnie, & Cassell, 1994; LeDoux, 2003; Maren & Quirk, 2004).”
From Learned helplessness at fifty: Insights from neuroscience. (2016) · cites this paper as LeDoux, 2003
In the citing paper
“The anatomical projections from the amygdala and mPFC to the hypothalamus, PAG, locus ceruleus, raphe, and autonomic-related brainstem nuclei play major roles in organizing the endocrine, autonomic, and behavioral responses to stressors and emotional stimuli (Figure 10) (Davis and Shi, 1999;LeDoux, 2003;O ¨ngu ¨r et al, 2003).”
From Neurocircuitry of Mood Disorders (2010) · cites this paper as LeDoux, 2003
In the citing paper
“Parallel and convergent efferent projections from the amygdala and the medial prefrontal network to the hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray (PAG), nucleus basalis, locus ceruleus, dorsal raphe, and medullary vagal nuclei organize neuroendocrine, autonomic, neurotransmitter and behavioral responses to stressors and emotional stimuli”
From Neurocircuitry of Mood Disorders (2010) · cites this paper as LeDoux, 2003
In the citing paper
“Amygdala stimulation of the locus ceruleus, lateral hypothalamus and PAG increases sympathetic autonomic arousal in rodents (Fig. 5) (LeDoux 2003; Gold and Chrousos 2002).”
From Brain structural and functional abnormalities in mood disorders: implications for neurocircuitry models of depression (2008) · cites this paper as LeDoux 2003
In the citing paper
“The BLA sends anatomical projections to the central nucleus of the amygdala (ACe) and the BNST, and projections from these structures to the hypothalamus, PAG, nucleus basalis, locus ceruleus, raphe and other diencencephalic and brainstem nuclei play major roles in organizing the neuroendocrine, neurotransmitter, autonomic, and behavioral responses to stressors and emotional stimuli (Davis and Shi”
From Brain structural and functional abnormalities in mood disorders: implications for neurocircuitry models of depression (2008) · cites this paper as LeDoux 2003
In the citing paper
“positive memories are rarely induced in mice, unlike fear conditioning, which is more commonly used for its robustness and long-lasting effects [45–47].”
From Positive early-life olfactory memory is rooted in the olfactory bulb and triggers large-scale changes beyond the olfactory system (2026) · cites this paper as [46]
In the citing paper
“The expression and inhibition of learned fear is largely regulated by the amygdala, hippocampus, and PFC in adult rodents and humans (Knapska et al., 2012;LeDoux, 2003;Maren and Quirk, 2004;Tovote et al., 2015)”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as LeDoux, 2003
In the citing paper
“required for the acquisition and expression of learned fear”
From Childhood adversity and neural development: Deprivation and threat as distinct dimensions of early experience (2014) · cites this paper as LeDoux, 2003
In the citing paper
“Fear is a defensive mechanism that activates behavioral and neurobiological responses to danger that promote survival, including freezing and activation of sympathetic nervous system and HPA axis”
From Childhood adversity and neural development: Deprivation and threat as distinct dimensions of early experience (2014) · cites this paper as LeDoux, 2003
In the citing paper
“An extensive literature in rodents has characterized the neural circuitry that underlies fear learning using Pavlovian fear conditioning tasks”
From Childhood adversity and neural development: Deprivation and threat as distinct dimensions of early experience (2014) · cites this paper as LeDoux, 2003
In the citing paper
“The CMA is critical in the generation of behavioral responses through projections to the brainstem, striatum, and regions of the cortex (LeDoux, 2003).”
From Developmental sex differences in resting state functional connectivity of amygdala sub-regions (2015) · cites this paper as LeDoux, 2003
In the citing paper
“The amygdala can be subdivided into basolateral (BLA), centromedial (CMA) and superficial (SFA) nuclei, each with distinct functional connections to the cortex supporting different brain functions.”
From Developmental sex differences in resting state functional connectivity of amygdala sub-regions (2015) · cites this paper as LeDoux, 2003
In the citing paper
“The BLA facilitates associative learning processes, like fear conditioning, through afferent projections from the frontal cortex and other subcortical regions (LeDoux, 2003, Phelps and LeDoux, 2005).”
From Developmental sex differences in resting state functional connectivity of amygdala sub-regions (2015) · cites this paper as LeDoux, 2003
In the citing paper
“Converging evidence from this field suggests the amygdalaa key brain region for emotion regulation (LeDoux, 2003), processing (Seeley et al., 2007), detection (Ousdal et al., 2008), and vigilance for social cues across sensory modalities (Whalen, 2007) is an important target of OT administration.”
In the citing paper
“decreasing amygdala cholinergic activity through α4β2* nAChR blockade could decrease stress reactivity and depression-like symptoms (LeDoux, 2003; Mineur et al., 2007)”
From Mood and anxiety regulation by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: A potential pathway to modulate aggression and related behavioral states (2015) · cites this paper as LeDoux, 2003
In the citing paper
“The quality of parent-child relationships affects both sexual behavior and neural development and activation, specifically in the amygdala”
From Becoming a sexual being: The “elephant in the room” of adolescent brain development (2017) · cites this paper as LeDoux, 2003
In the citing paper
“which has been associated with reward processing (Ernst et al., 2005), emotional processing (Whalen et al., 2013), and fear response (LeDoux, 2003)”
From Becoming a sexual being: The “elephant in the room” of adolescent brain development (2017) · cites this paper as LeDoux, 2003
Citations
Cites
(1999) · Cited by 12,812
A synaptic model of memory: long-term potentiation in the hippocampus
Bliss, T. V. P., & Collingridge, G. L. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/361031a0 · Cited by 11,566
Plum, F. (1960) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1960.03840090124020 · Cited by 10,388
LeDoux, J. E. (2000) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.23.1.155 · Cited by 8,444
Self-citationDESCARTES' ERROR: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain
Marg, E. (1995) · Optometry and Vision Science · doi:10.1002/j.1538-9235.1995.tb03988.x · Cited by 8,178
Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene
Caspi, A., Sugden, K., Moffitt, T. E., Taylor, A., Craig, I. W., Harrington, H., McClay, J., Mill, J., Martin, J., Braithwaite, A., et al. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1083968 · Cited by 8,120
Bliss, T. V. P., & Gardner-Medwin, A. R. (1973) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1973.sp010274 · Cited by 7,424
(1995) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,217
Working with Emotional Intelligence
Goleman, D. (1999) · ETC: A Review of General Semantics · doi:10.66774/etc_5601_103 · Cited by 6,254
(1962) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,856
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 175 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 1,004
Tottenham, N., Shapiro, M., Telzer, E. H., & Humphreys, K. L. (2012) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01128.x · Cited by 91
Fear Recognition Ability Predicts Differences in Social Cognitive and Neural Functioning in Men
Corden, B., Critchley, H. D., Skuse, D., & Dolan, R. J. (2006) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2006.18.6.889 · Cited by 91
Interplay of Amygdala and Cingulate Plasticity in Emotional Fear
Toyoda, H., Li, X., Wu, L., Zhao, M., Descalzi, G., Chen, T., Koga, K., & Zhuo, M. (2011) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2011/813749 · Cited by 90
Early maternal separation: Neurobehavioral consequences in mother rats
Aguggia, J. P., Suárez, M. M., & Rivarola, M. A. (2013) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2013.03.040 · Cited by 90
Juliandi, B., Tanemura, K., Igarashi, K., Tominaga, T., Furukawa, Y., Otsuka, M., Moriyama, N., Ikegami, D., Abematsu, M., Sanosaka, T., et al. (2015) · Stem Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.10.012 · Cited by 90
Becoming a sexual being: The “elephant in the room” of adolescent brain development
Suleiman, A. B., Galván, A., Harden, K. P., & Dahl, R. E. (2017) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2016.09.004 · Cited by 89
Methylphenidate facilitates learning-induced amygdala plasticity
Tye, K. M., Tye, L. D., Cone, J. J., Hekkelman, E. F., Janak, P. H., & Bonci, A. (2010) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2506 · Cited by 89
Pavlovian Conditioning of Immunological and Neuroendocrine Functions
Hadamitzky, M., Lückemann, L., Pacheco‐López, G., & Schedlowski, M. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00033.2018 · Cited by 89
Cameron, O. G., Huang, G., Nichols, T. E., Koeppe, R. A., Minoshima, S., Rose, D. S., & Frey, K. A. (2007) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.7.793 · Cited by 89
Social cognition as an RDoC domain
Gur, R. C., & Gur, R. E. (2015) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32394 · Cited by 89
Pidoplichko, V. I., Prager, E. M., Aroniadou-Anderjaska, V., & Braga, M. F. M. (2013) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.01030.2012 · Cited by 90
Swain, J. E. (2008) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 88
Fear and Implicit Racism: Whites’ Support for Voter ID laws
Banks, A. J., & Hicks, H. M. (2015) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12292 · Cited by 88
Ashokan, A., Hegde, A., & Mitra, R. (2016) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.04.009 · Cited by 88
Song, J. (2023) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114647 · Cited by 88
REM sleep: a sensitive index of fear conditioning in rats
Jha, S. K., Brennan, F. X., Pawlyk, A. C., Ross, R. J. M., & Morrison, A. R. (2005) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.03920.x · Cited by 88
Amygdala Sensitivity to Race Is Not Present in Childhood but Emerges over Adolescence
Telzer, E. H., Humphreys, K. L., Shapiro, M., & Tottenham, N. (2012) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00311 · Cited by 88
Acoustic Oddball during NREM Sleep: A Combined EEG/fMRI Study
Czisch, M., Wehrle, R., Stiegler, A., Peters, H., Andrade, K. C., Holsboer, F., & Sämann, P. G. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006749 · Cited by 87
Qin, M., Xia, Z., Huang, T., & Smith, C. B. (2011) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.06.047 · Cited by 87
Holmes, N. M., Parkes, S. L., Killcross, S., & Westbrook, R. F. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1998-13.2013 · Cited by 86
Klumpers, F., Morgan, B. E., Terburg, D., Stein, D. J., & van Honk, J. (2014) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsu164 · Cited by 86
Asymmetrical Activation in the Human Brain during Processing of Fearful Faces
Noesselt, T., Driver, J., Heinze, H., & Dolan, R. J. (2005) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.12.075 · Cited by 86
Daviu, N., Andero, R., Armario, A., & Nadal, R. A. (2014) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.09.015 · Cited by 85
Roberts-Wolfe, D., Sacchet, M., Hastings, E., Roth, H., & Britton, W. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00015 · Cited by 84
“The amygdala is a key component in emotion processing in the brain, and is critically involved in fear conditioning and threat detection (Davis, 1992; LeDoux, 2003; Arne, 2005).”
BackgroundCurrent status of functional imaging in eating disorders
Frank, G., & Kaye, W. H. (2012) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22016 · Cited by 84
Incentive motivation: ‘wanting’ roles of central amygdala circuitry
Warlow, S. M., & Berridge, K. C. (2021) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113376 · Cited by 84
Choi, K. H., Le, T., McGuire, J. L., Xing, G., Zhang, L., Li, H., Parker, C. C., Johnson, L. R., & Ursano, R. J. (2012) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.03.021 · Cited by 84
Wakerley, J. B. (2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012515400-0/50064-6 · Cited by 84
Altered fimbria-fornix white matter integrity in anorexia nervosa predicts harm avoidance
Kazlouski, D., Rollin, M. D. H., Tregellas, J. R., Shott, M. E., Jappe, L. M., Hagman, J., Pryor, T. L., Yang, T. T., & Frank, G. (2011) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.12.006 · Cited by 84
Young, K. D., Zotev, V., Phillips, R., Misaki, M., Drevets, W. C., & Bodurka, J. (2018) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12665 · Cited by 83
Brown, C. A., Seymour, B., El-Deredy, W., & Jones, A. K. P. (2008) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2008.04.028 · Cited by 83
Neural circuitry for accurate identification of facial emotions
Loughead, J., Gur, R. C., Elliott, M. A., & Gur, R. E. (2007) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.10.105 · Cited by 83
How users perceive and respond to security messages: a NeuroIS research agenda and empirical study
Anderson, B. B., Vance, A., Kirwan, C. B., Eargle, D., & Jenkins, J. L. (2016) · European Journal of Information Systems · doi:10.1057/ejis.2015.21 · Cited by 83
Structure of the alexithymic brain: A parametric coordinate-based meta-analysis
Xu, P., Opmeer, E. M., van Tol, M., Goerlich, K. S., & Aleman, A. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.01.004 · Cited by 83
The effects of trauma on brain and body: A unifying role for the midbrain periaqueductal gray
Terpou, B. A., Harricharan, S., McKinnon, M. C., Frewen, P., Jetly, R., & Lanius, R. A. (2019) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.24447 · Cited by 82
Gold, A. L., Shechner, T., Farber, M. J., Spiro, C. N., Leibenluft, E., Pine, D. S., & Britton, J. C. (2016) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22470 · Cited by 82
Stress disrupts engram ensembles in lateral amygdala to generalize threat memory in mice
Lesuis, S. L., Park, S., Hoorn, A., Rashid, A. J., Mocle, A. J., Salter, E. W., Vislavski, S., Gray, M. T., Torelli, A. M., Cristofaro, A. D., et al. (2024) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2024.10.034 · Cited by 82
Greenwood, B. N., Strong, P. V., Loughridge, A. B., Day, H. E. W., Clark, P., Mika, A., Hellwinkel, J. E., Spence, K. G., & Fleshner, M. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0046118 · Cited by 82
Chechko, N., Wehrle, R., Erhardt, A., Holsboer, F., Czisch, M., & Sämann, P. G. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005537 · Cited by 82
Some Thoughts on the Neurobiology of Stalking
Meloy, J. R., & Fisher, H. E. (2005) · Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1520/jfs2004508 · Cited by 81
Silva-Cardoso, G. K., Lazarini-Lopes, W., Hallak, J. E. C., Crippa, J. A. S., Zuardi, A. W., Garcia‐Cairasco, N., & Leite‐Panissi, C. R. A. (2021) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108712 · Cited by 81
Neuroplastic Alterations in the Limbic System Following Cocaine or Alcohol Exposure
Stuber, G. D., Hopf, F. W., Tye, K. M., Chen, B. T., & Bonci, A. (2009) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2009_23 · Cited by 81
Li, Q., Luo, T., Jiang, X. X., & Wang, J. (2011) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.09.002 · Cited by 81
iPlasticity: Induced juvenile‐like plasticity in the adult brain as a mechanism of antidepressants
Umemori, J., Winkel, F., Didio, G., Llach Pou, M., & Castrén, E. (2018) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12683 · Cited by 80
Thome, J., Terpou, B. A., McKinnon, M. C., & Lanius, R. A. (2019) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22977 · Cited by 80
Adverse Life Experiences and Brain Function
Hosseini‐Kamkar, N., Farahani, M. V., Nikolic, M., Stewart, K., Goldsmith, S. F., Soltaninejad, M., Rajabli, R., Lowe, C. J., Nicholson, A. A., Morton, J. B., et al. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.40018 · Cited by 80
Regional brain responses associated with drinking water during thirst and after its satiation
Saker, P., Farrell, M. J., Adib, F. R. M., Egan, G. F., McKinley, M. J., & Denton, D. A. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1403382111 · Cited by 80
Lebowitz, E. R., Leckman, J. F., Feldman, R., Zagoory‐Sharon, O., McDonald, N. M., & Silverman, W. K. (2015) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.12.007 · Cited by 80
Fratzl, A., Koltchev, A. M., Vissers, N., Tan, Y. L., Marques–Smith, A., Stempel, A. V., Branco, T., & Hofer, S. B. (2021) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2021.09.003 · Cited by 79
Regional Brain Activity Correlates of Nicotine Dependence
Rose, J. E., Behm, F. M., Salley, A. N., Bates, J. E., Coleman, R. E., Hawk, T. C., & Turkington, T. G. (2007) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301379 · Cited by 79
Blundell, J. J., Blaiss, C. A., Lagace, D. C., Eisch, A. J., & Powell, C. M. (2011) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2011.02.006 · Cited by 79
Neurons in the Amygdala with Response-Selectivity for Anxiety in Two Ethologically Based Tests
Wang, D. V., Wang, F., Liu, J., Zhang, L., Wang, Z., & Lin, L. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018739 · Cited by 78
Human Frontal–Subcortical Circuit and Asymmetric Belief Updating
Moutsiana, C., Charpentier, C. J., Garrett, N., Cohen, M. X., & Sharot, T. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1120-15.2015 · Cited by 78
Individualized prediction of trait narcissism from whole‐brain resting‐state functional connectivity
Feng, C., Yuan, J., Geng, H., Gu, R., Zhou, H., Wu, X., & Luo, Y. (2018) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.24205 · Cited by 78
The central extended amygdala network as a proposed circuit underlying reward valuation
Waraczynski, M. A. (2005) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.09.001 · Cited by 78
Amygdala structure and the tendency to regard the social system as legitimate and desirable
Nam, H. H., Jost, J. T., Kaggen, L., Campbell-Meiklejohn, D. K., & Bavel, J. J. V. (2017) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-017-0248-5 · Cited by 77
Belzung, C., & Philippot, P. (2007) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2007/59676 · Cited by 77
Jablonski, R. A., Therrien, B. A., Mahoney, E. K., Kolanowski, A. M., Gabello, M., & Brock, A. J. (2011) · Special Care in Dentistry · doi:10.1111/j.1754-4505.2011.00190.x · Cited by 77
Impaired Synaptic Plasticity and Learning in Mice Lacking β-Adducin, an Actin-Regulating Protein
Rabenstein, R. L., Addy, N., Caldarone, B. J., Asaka, Y., Gruenbaum, L. M., Peters, L. L., Gilligan, D. M., Fitzsimonds, R. M., & Picciotto, M. R. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3530-04.2005 · Cited by 77
Precaution systems and ritualized behavior
Boyer, P., & Linard, P. (2006) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x06009575 · Cited by 76
Blandina, P., Provensi, G., Passani, M. B., Capasso, C., & Supuran, C. T. (2020) · Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1080/14756366.2020.1766455 · Cited by 76
Zhang, F. (2015) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.893373 · Cited by 76
Dances with black widow spiders: Dysregulation of glutamate signalling enters centre stage in ADHD
Lesch, K., Merker, S., Reif, A., & Novak, M. (2012) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.07.013 · Cited by 76
Bruneau, E., Jacoby, N., & Saxe, R. R. (2015) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.04.034 · Cited by 76
Defining age limits of the sensitive period for attachment learning in rat pups
Upton, K. J., & Sullivan, R. M. (2010) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.20448 · Cited by 76
Rausch, A., Zhang, W., Haak, K. V., Mennes, M., Hermans, E. J., van Oort, E. S. B., van Wingen, G. A., Beckmann, C. F., Buitelaar, J. K., & Groen, W. B. (2016) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-015-0060-x · Cited by 76
Kabir, Z. D., Lee, A. S., & Rajadhyaksha, A. M. (2016) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp270673 · Cited by 77
The Menstrual Cycle Influences Emotion but Has Limited Effect on Cognitive Function
Poromaa, I. S. (2018) · Vitamins and hormones · doi:10.1016/bs.vh.2018.01.016 · Cited by 76
Maynard, O., Brooks, J. C. W., Munafo, M. R., & Leonards, U. (2016) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.13699 · Cited by 75
“Limbic associative” and “autonomic” amygdala in teleosts: A review of the evidence
Maximino, C., Lima, M. G., Oliveira, K. R. M., Batista, E. D. J. O., & Herculano, A. M. (2012) · Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy · doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2012.10.001 · Cited by 75
Shapiro, L. A., Ng, K., Zhou, Q., & Ribak, C. E. (2008) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2008.09.011 · Cited by 75
Sevelinges, Y., Moriceau, S., Holman, P., Miner, C., Muzny, K., Gervais, R., Mouly, A.-M., & Sullivan, R. M. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.04.025 · Cited by 74
Constitutive relevance & mutual manipulability revisited
Craver, C. F., Glennan, S. S., & Povich, M. (2021) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-021-03183-8 · Cited by 74
Genotype over diagnosis in amygdala responsiveness: affective processing in social anxiety disorder
Furmark, T., Henningsson, S., Appel, L., Åhs, F., Linnman, C., Pissiota, A., Faria, V., Oreland, L., Bani, M., Pich, E. M., et al. (2009) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1139/jpn.0904 · Cited by 74
Ferreira, G., Miranda, M. I., la Cruz, V. D., Rodríguez‐Ortiz, C. J., & Bermúdez‐Rattoni, F. (2005) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04440.x · Cited by 74
Haass‐Koffler, C. L., & Bartlett, S. E. (2012) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2012.00091 · Cited by 74
Neuronal diversity of the amygdala and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis
Beyeler, A., & Dabrowska, J. (2020) · Handbook of behavioral neuroscience · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815134-1.00003-9 · Cited by 74
The evolutionary roots of psychopathy
da Silva, D. R., Rijo, D., & Salekin, R. T. (2015) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2015.01.006 · Cited by 73
Dobolyi, Á., Palkovits, M., & Usdin, T. B. (2009) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.10.017 · Cited by 73
Zarrindast, M., Solati, J., Oryan, S., & Parivar, K. (2008) · Pharmacology · doi:10.1159/000161129 · Cited by 73
Bueno, C. H., Zangrossi, H., & Viana, M. D. B. (2005) · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research · doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2005001100019 · Cited by 73
Transcranial focused ultrasound of the amygdala modulates fear network activation and connectivity
Chou, T., Deckersbach, T., Guérin, B., Wong, K. S., Borron, B. M., Kanabar, A., Hayden, A. N., Long, M. P., Daneshzand, M., Pace-Schott, E. F., et al. (2024) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2024.03.004 · Cited by 72
Early adversity, neural development, and inflammation
Chiang, J. J., Taylor, S. E., & Bower, J. E. (2015) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.21329 · Cited by 72
Human fear reconsolidation and allelic differences in serotonergic and dopaminergic genes
Ågren, T., Furmark, T., Eriksson, E., & Fredrikson, M. (2012) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2012.5 · Cited by 72
Current Emotion Research in Psychophysiology: The Neurobiology of Evaluative Bivalence
Norman, G. J., Norris, C. J., Gollan, J. K., Ito, T. A., Hawkley, L. C., Larsen, J. T., Cacioppo, J. T., & Berntson, G. G. (2011) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073911402403 · Cited by 72
Forgetting and emotion regulation in mental health, anxiety and depression
Nørby, S. (2017) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2017.1346130 · Cited by 72
Jealousy in dogs? Evidence from brain imaging
Cook, P. F., Prichard, A., Spivak, M., & Berns, G. S. (2018) · Animal Sentience · doi:10.51291/2377-7478.1319 · Cited by 71
Chen, G., Radziwon, K. E., Kashanian, N., Manohar, S., & Salvi, R. (2014) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2014/658741 · Cited by 71
Artificial consciousness and the consciousness-attention dissociation
Haladjian, H. H., & Montemayor, C. (2016) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2016.08.011 · Cited by 71
Yu, S., Ortiz, A., Gollub, R. L., Wilson, G., Gerber, J. A., Park, J., Huang, Y., Shen, W., Chan, S., Wasan, A. D., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9061719 · Cited by 71
Mitra, R., Ferguson, D., & Sapolsky, R. M. (2009) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2009.9 · Cited by 70
Fear-Potentiated Startle: A Review from an Aviation Perspective
Martin, W., Murray, P. S., Bates, P. R., & Lee, P. S. Y. (2015) · International Journal of Aviation Psychology · doi:10.1080/10508414.2015.1128293 · Cited by 70
Lippold, J. V., Laske, J. I., Hogeterp, S. A., Duke, É., Grünhage, T., & Reuter, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.552305 · Cited by 70
Alexithymia is related to differences in gray matter volume: A voxel-based morphometry study
Ihme, K. A., Dannlowski, U., Lichev, V., Stuhrmann, A., Grotegerd, D., Rosenberg, N., Kugel, H., Heindel, W. L., Arolt, V., Kersting, A., et al. (2012) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2012.10.044 · Cited by 70
Makovac, E., Watson, D. R., Meeten, F., Garfinkel, S. N., Cercignani, M., Critchley, H., & Ottaviani, C. (2016) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsw091 · Cited by 70
Buttner, A. P. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.029 · Cited by 71
Neural Mechanisms Linking Emotion with Cardiovascular Disease
Kraynak, T. E., Marsland, A. L., & Gianaros, P. J. (2018) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-018-1071-y · Cited by 70
Mental Imagery and Brain Regulation—New Links Between Psychotherapy and Neuroscience
Skottnik, L., & Linden, D. E. J. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00779 · Cited by 70
Caseras, X., Giampietro, V., Lamas, A., Brammer, M., Vilarroya, O., Carmona, S., Rovira, M., Torrubia, R., & Mataix-Cols, D. (2010) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291709005972 · Cited by 69
The contribution of imaging genetics to the development of predictive markers for addictions
Loth, E., Carvalho, F. M., & Schumann, G. (2011) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2011.07.008 · Cited by 69
Metadata
- Authors
- LeDoux, J.
- Affiliations
- New York University (US)
- Corresponding author
- LeDoux, Joseph
- ORCID
- LeDoux, Joseph
- Venue
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology
- Published
- 2003-10
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 4-5
- Pages
- 727-738
- ISSN
- 0272-4340 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6830
- PMC
- PMC11530156
- OpenAlex
- W1513763202
- Cited by
- 1,818
- References
- 175
- Citations by year
- 2026: 60 · 2025: 85 · 2024: 80 · 2023: 73 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 119 · 2020: 88 · 2019: 125 · 2018: 83 · 2017: 87 · 2016: 114 · 2015: 95 · 2014: 77 · 2013: 85 · 2012: 96
- FWCI
- 16.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- amygdala, fear conditioning, classical conditioning, emotional brain, defense response, emotional circuits
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Conditioning, Psychological, Emotions, Fear, Humans, Limbic System, Models, Neurological, Neural Pathways, Sensation, Models, Animal
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
