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The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Interrelationship Between Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic (ADOS-G), Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) Classification in Children and Adolescents with Mental Retardation

de Bildt, Annelies, Sytema, Sjoerd, Ketelaars, Cees, Kraijer, Dirk, Mulder, Erik, Volkmar, Fred, Minderaa, Ruud·2004·Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
DOI 10.1023/b:jadd.0000022604.22374.5f
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Abstract

The interrelationship between the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic (ADOS-G) and clinical classification was studied in 184 children and adolescents with Mental Retardation (MR). The agreement between the ADI-R and ADOS-G was fair, with a substantial difference between younger and older children (5-8 vs. 8+ years). Compared with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-TR (DSM-IV-TR) classification of Autistic Disorder (AD) and Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD), both instruments measure AD or PDD validly and reliably. Even in low-functioning children the interrelationship between the instruments and the clinical classification was satisfactory. The combination of ADI-R and ADOS-G identifies AD or PDD, as described in the DSM-IV-TR, most appropriately. Both instruments seem to be of great value in the diagnostic process of PDD in children and adolescents with MR.

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Crossref · 10.1023/b:jadd.0000022604.22374.5f

Cites

26 of 26 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • There is low agreement between diagnoses based on anamnestic interviews (ADI-R) and those based on behavioral observations, particularly for older and atypical cases.

    “Additionally, there is some evidence that there is low agreement between diagnoses based on anamnestic interviews (ADI-R) and those based on behavioral observations, particularly for older and atypical cases, and for better performance of the behavioral observation ([22, 30, 34–40].”

    From Autism spectrum disorder in ICD-11—a critical reflection of its possible impact on clinical practice and research (2024) · cites this paper as [34]

  • A primary challenge of using ADI-R and ADOS to classify ASD is that their results are not always consistent, and no standard method exists to resolve discordance when one suggests ASD and the other does not.

    “One of the primary challenges of using ADI-R and ADOS scores to classify children with ASD is that results of the ADI-R and ADOS are not always consistent with each other and there is not a standard method to resolve discordance when one instrument suggests the presence of an ASD and the other instrument does not suggest presence of an ASD (de Bildt et al. 2004; Le Couter et al. 2008).”

    From Using standardized diagnostic instruments to classify children with autism in the study to explore early development (2015) · cites this paper as de Bildt et al. 2004

  • Previous studies have found that the probability of ADOS agreement with diagnostic criteria is inversely related to the child's level of functioning.

    “Previous studies have found the probability of ADOS agreement with diagnostic criteria is inversely related to level of functioning for the child (de Bildt et al. 2004)”

    From Using standardized diagnostic instruments to classify children with autism in the study to explore early development (2015) · cites this paper as de Bildt et al. 2004

  • Discordant ADI-R and ADOS results were found in 17.6% of children administered a comprehensive developmental evaluation in SEED, supporting previous findings.

    “We found discordant ADI-R and ADOS results in 17.6 % of children administered a comprehensive developmental evaluation in SEED, which supports previous findings (de Bildt te al. 2004; Le Couter et al. 2008).”

    From Using standardized diagnostic instruments to classify children with autism in the study to explore early development (2015) · cites this paper as de Bildt te al. 2004

Citations

Cites

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3 of the 29 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 13

  1. American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
  2. Bildt, A. D., Sytema, S., Ketelaars, C., Kraijer, D., Volkmar, F., & Minderaa, R. (in press). Measuring Pervasive Developmental Disorders in mentally retarded children and adolescents. Journal of Autism Developmental Disorders.
  3. Cain, L. F., Levine, S., & Elzey, F. F. (1963). Cain-Levine Social Competency Scale. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
  4. Kraijer, D., & Kema, G. N. (1972). SRZ, Sociale Redzaamheidsschaal voor Zwakzinnigen, Handleiding. Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger.
  5. Kraijer, D., & Kema, G. N. (1994). SRZ, Sociale Redzaamheidsschaal voor Zwakzinnigen, Handleiding. Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger.
  6. Lord, C. (1997). Diagnostic instruments in autism spectrum disorders. In D. J. Cohen & F. Volkmar (Eds.), Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders (2nd ed., pp. 460-483). New York: Wiley.
  7. Meulen, V. B. F., & Smrkovsky, M. (1983). Bayley Ontwikkelingsschalen (BOS 2-30). Lisse, Swets & Zeitlinger.
  8. Schopler, E., Reichler, R. J., & Renner, B. R. (1988). The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.
  9. Snijders, J. T., Tellegen, P. J., Winkel, M., & Laros, J. A. (1996). Snijders-Oomen niet-verbale intelligentieschaal-Revisie. SON-R 2,5-7. Groningen: Wolters-Tjeenk Willink.
  10. Sparrow, S. S., Balla, D., & Cicchetti, D. V. (1984). Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (Survey ed.). Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
  11. Vander Steene, G., & Bos, A. (1997). Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised. Vlaams-Nederlandse Aanpassing. Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger.
  12. Vander Steene, G., Haasen, P. P. V., De Bruyn, E. E. J., Coetsier, P., Pijl, Y. J., Poortinga, Y. H., Iutje Spelberg, H. C., Spoelders-Claes, R., & Stinissen, J. (1986). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised. Nederlandstalige Uitgave. Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger.
  13. Wechsler, D. (1974). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised. New York: Psychological Corporation.

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Metadata

Authors
de Bildt, A., Sytema, S., Ketelaars, C., Kraijer, D., Mulder, E., Volkmar, F., & Minderaa, R.
Affiliations
  • University of Groningen (NL)
  • Vanboeijen (NL)
  • Yale University (US)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2004-04
Volume
34
Issue
2
Pages
129-137
ISSN
  • 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-3432
DOI
10.1023/b:jadd.0000022604.22374.5f
OpenAlex
W2131502071
Cited by
278
References
29
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 25
FWCI
6.95
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Down syndrome and intellectual disability research
Keywords
autism spectrum disorder, pervasive developmental disorders, intellectual disability, autism diagnosis, ADI-R, diagnostic agreement, children and adolescents, low-functioning autism
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Autistic Disorder, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Intellectual Disability, Netherlands, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sensitivity and Specificity, Time Factors, Reproducibility of Results, Odds Ratio, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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