The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints
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The efficiency of HF-net2 was tested and compared with several well-known handcrafted algorithms for keypoint detection and description including Harris, FAST, SIFT, and ORB.
“Moreover, the efficiency of HF-net2 was tested and compared with several wellknown handcrafted algorithms for keypoint detection and description including Harris [4], FAST [6], SIFT [9] and ORB [8].”
From Keypoint Detection and Description through Deep Learning in Unstructured Environments (2023) · cites this paper as [9]
Capuano et al. demonstrated robustness of their IP with respect to Earth in the background by including a background removal step similar to the WGE in [9], using a Prewitt operator with a gradient filter.
“By including a background removal step sim-330 ilar to the WGE in [9], which makes use of a Prewitt operator in combination with a gradient filter, the authors could also demonstrate the robustness of their IP with respect to the Earth in the background.”
From Review of the robustness and applicability of monocular pose estimation systems for relative navigation with an uncooperative spacecraft (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
Capuano et al. used feature fusion to synthesise detected points into polylines resembling parts of the spacecraft body.
“Feature fusion was then used to synthesise the detected points into polylines which resemble parts of the spacecraft body.”
From Review of the robustness and applicability of monocular pose estimation systems for relative navigation with an uncooperative spacecraft (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
Capuano et al. [32] introduced a new IP scheme in which three parallel processing streams using the Shi-Tommasi corners detector, the HT, and the LSD are exploited to filter three sets of points and improve the robustness of feature detection.
“Alternatively, Capuano et al. [32] introduced a new IP scheme in which three different parallel processing streams, which use the Shi-Tommasi (ST) corners detector, the HT, and the Line Segment Detector (LSD), are exploited in order to filter three sets of points and improve the robustness of the feature detection.”
From Review of the robustness and applicability of monocular pose estimation systems for relative navigation with an uncooperative spacecraft (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
Scenarios with the Earth horizon were tackled by tuning the threshold of the gradient filter to a more selective value.
“Furthermore, the scenarios with the Earth horizon were tackled by tuning the threshold of gradient filter to a more selective value.”
From Review of the robustness and applicability of monocular pose estimation systems for relative navigation with an uncooperative spacecraft (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
The IP algorithm in [32] has proven robustness including Earth's horizon in the FoV.
“Robustness proven”
From Review of the robustness and applicability of monocular pose estimation systems for relative navigation with an uncooperative spacecraft (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
Use of Gaussian pyramid decomposition in image hashing as proposed in this paper is effective.
“Although pyramid decomposition has been widely used in image compression [8], computer vision [9], etc., its use in image hashing, as proposed in this paper, has proved to be every effective.”
From A Secure and Robust Image Hashing Scheme Using Gaussian Pyramids (2019) · cites this paper as [9]
The SIFT descriptor outperforms other feature descriptors.
“The latter, introduced by Lowe [2], have been shown to outperform the others [7].”
From SURF: Speeded Up Robust Features (2006) · cites this paper as [2]
Distribution-based descriptors capture a substantial amount of information about spatial intensity patterns while being robust to small deformations or localisation errors.
“This can be explained by the fact that they capture a substantial amount of information about the spatial intensity patterns, while at the same time being robust to small deformations or localisation errors.”
From SURF: Speeded Up Robust Features (2006) · cites this paper as [2]
Gradient orientation on its own has been widely used for feature matching, object detection, and image registration, and shown promise in robust matching under partial occlusion and view point changes.
“While all of the above metrics rely upon gradient magnitudes, gradient orientation on its own has been widely used for feature matching (Lowe 2004), object detection (Dalal and Triggs 2005), and image registration (De Nigris et al 2012), and shown promise in robust matching under partial occlusion and view point changes.”
From 3D–2D image registration for target localization in spine surgery: investigation of similarity metrics providing robustness to content mismatch (2016) · cites this paper as Lowe 2004
Traditional methods may require complex feature matching algorithms such as SIFT, SURF, or additional classifiers such as SVM, whereas the MobileNetV2 network model directly utilizes features extracted by the deep learning model to perform comparison, simplifying the process.
“Traditional methods may require complex feature matching algorithms (e.g., SIFT, SURF) or additional classifiers (e.g., SVM), whereas the MobileNetV2 network model directly utilizes features extracted by the deep learning model to perform comparison, which simplifies the process [27,28].”
From Digital Image Copyright Protection and Management Approach—Based on Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain Technology (2025) · cites this paper as [27]
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“An exhaustive comparison of the query vector with all codes is prohibitive for very large datasets.”
BackgroundObject retrieval with large vocabularies and fast spatial matching
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NetVLAD: CNN Architecture for Weakly Supervised Place Recognition
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Automatic Panoramic Image Stitching using Invariant Features
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lowe, D. G.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Lowe, David G.
- ORCID
- Lowe, David G.
- Venue
- International Journal of Computer Vision
- Published
- 2004-11
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 91-110
- ISSN
- 0920-5691 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-1405
- OpenAlex
- W2151103935
- Semantic Scholar
- 8c04f169203f9e55056a6f7f956695babe622a38
- Cited by
- 55,589
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1480 · 2025: 2400 · 2024: 2519 · 2023: 2604 · 2022: 2705 · 2021: 3066 · 2020: 2933 · 2019: 3240 · 2018: 3232 · 2017: 3363 · 2016: 3431 · 2015: 3747 · 2014: 3569 · 2013: 3333 · 2012: 3003
- FWCI
- 699.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Computer Vision (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization
- Keywords
- feature matching, affine invariance, rotation invariance, object recognition, nearest neighbor matching, Hough transform, pose estimation, occlusion
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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