Exploring Multidimensional Approaches to the Efficiency of Instructional Conditions
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Other groups of researchers have also found consistent results using the mental effort scale developed by Paas.
“Other groups of researchers have also found consistent results using the mental effort scale developed by Paas found in ''Appendix 1'' (Ayres 2006;Tuovinen and Paas 2004).”
From Measuring physician cognitive load: validity evidence for a physiologic and a psychometric tool (2017) · cites this paper as Tuovinen and Paas 2004
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Sweller, J., van Merrienboer, J. J. G., & Paas, F. G. W. C. (1998) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1023/a:1022193728205 · Cited by 6,023 · see citing works
Self-citationCognitive Load Theory and Instructional Design: Recent Developments
Paas, F., Renkl, A., & Sweller, J. (2003) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1207/s15326985ep3801_1 · Cited by 3,041 · see citing works
Self-citationCognitive Load Measurement as a Means to Advance Cognitive Load Theory
Paas, F., Tuovinen, J. E., Tabbers, H., & Van Gerven, P. W. M. (2003) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1207/s15326985ep3801_8 · Cited by 2,527 · see citing works
Self-citationPaas, F. G. W. C. (1992) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.84.4.429 · Cited by 2,150 · see citing works
Self-citationPaas, F. G. W. C., & Van Merriënboer, J. J. G. (1994) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.86.1.122 · Cited by 1,198 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Paas and Van Merrienboer (1993) ME, P Paas and Van Merrienboer (1994b) ME, P Cerpa, Chandler, and Sweller (1996) ME P Marcus, Cooper and Sweller (1996) ME P Tindall-Ford, Chandler, and Sweller (1997) ME P Yeung, Jin, and Sweller (1997) ME P Kalyuga, Chandler, and Sweller (1998) ME P Kalyuga, Chandler, and Sweller (199…”
BackgroundSelf-citationManaging split-attention and redundancy in multimedia instruction
Kalyuga, S., Chandler, P., & Sweller, J. (1999) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0720(199908)13:4 · Cited by 1,041 · see citing works
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Paas, F. G. W. C., & Van Merriënboer, J. J. G. (1994) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/bf02213420 · Cited by 968 · see citing works
Self-citationPaas, F. G. W. C., & Van Merriënboer, J. J. G. (1993) · Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/001872089303500412 · Cited by 921 · see citing works
Self-citationDirect Measurement of Cognitive Load in Multimedia Learning
Brunken, R., Plass, J. L., & Leutner, D. (2003) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1207/s15326985ep3801_7 · Cited by 896 · see citing works
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“In other studies (Camp, Paas, Rikers and Van Merriënboer 2001; Salden, Paas, Broers and Van Merriënboer, 2004, this issue) both the effort and performance derivation were modified. They combined the learning performance and the learning effort in the Paas and Van Merriënboer (1993) efficiency algorithm.”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citationLevels of Expertise and Instructional Design
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Self-citationLearner Experience and Efficiency of Instructional Guidance
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Self-citationThe efficiency of multimedia learning into old age
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Self-citationSalden, R., PAAS, F. G. W. C., Broers, N. J., & van Merriënboer, J. J. G. (2004) · Instructional Science · doi:10.1023/b:truc.0000021814.03996.ff · Cited by 110 · see citing works
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Tuovinen, J. E., & Paas, F.
- Affiliations
- Charles Darwin University (AU)
- Open University of the Netherlands (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Paas, Fred
- ORCID
- Paas, Fred
- Venue
- Instructional Science
- Published
- 2004-01
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 133-152
- ISSN
- 0020-4277 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-1952
- OpenAlex
- W2002438930
- Semantic Scholar
- dbf87dacafab6c49bf3c9452966b81d9cf4952bf
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 15.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Instructional Science (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Univerzita Karlova v Praze
- Charles Sturt University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning
- Keywords
- cognitive load theory, teaching efficiency, cognitive effort, test performance, learning effort, test effort, instructional conditions, electronic learning environment
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