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Cited by 35Geological and Geochemical AnalysisGeological Studies and ExplorationGeological and Geophysical Studies Worldwide

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 82 of the 84 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 90 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.

Grenville Front zone, Gagnon terrane, southwestern Labrador: Configuration of a midcrustal foreland fold‐thrust belt

Open access
van Gool, J. A. M., Rivers, T., Calon, Tom·2008·Tectonics
DOI 10.1029/2006tc002095
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Abstract

Evolution of a metamorphic fold‐thrust belt in Archean and Proterozoic rocks in the Gagnon terrane, northwestern Grenville province, involved underthrusting beneath a crustal‐scale, orogenic wedge and metamorphism ranging from upper greenschist facies (∼600 ± 100 MPa/450 ± 50°C) to upper amphibolite facies (∼1100 ± 100 MPa/750 ± 50°C) during the terminal stages of the Grenvillian Orogeny. Structural and metamorphic data indicate that D 1 structures formed at peak pressures during basal accretion to the overriding orogenic wedge, whereas D 2 structures developed within the wedge during its displacement toward the foreland in a sinistral transpressive setting. The fold‐thrust belt developed sequentially on two levels: a thin‐skinned, cover‐dominated thrust system preceded and overlies a thick‐skinned, basement‐dominated system. The D 3 cross‐folds postdated normal faulting at the top of the wedge and formed during gravitational collapse. On the basis of this study, characteristic features of midcrustal, metamorphic, thrust wedges include growth by basal accretion, polyphase ductile deformation and noncoaxial strain, dual‐level development, extensive basement involvement, and terminal gravitational collapse associated with cross‐folding.

Overview

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

The Gagnon terrane in southwestern Labrador preserves a midcrustal, foreland-directed fold-thrust belt formed by basal accretion beneath the crustal-scale Molson Lake terrane orogenic wedge during the terminal Grenvillian Orogeny. The belt developed as a dual-level system, with early thin-skinned cover thrusting followed by thick-skinned basement thrusting, ending in gravitational collapse and cross-folding.

Key findings

  • Metamorphism ranged from lower greenschist facies ($600 \pm 100$ MPa/$450 \pm 50^\circ$C) to upper amphibolite facies ($1100 \pm 100$ MPa/$750 \pm 50^\circ$C), corresponding to burial depths of $\sim$18–30 km across the thrust belt.
  • The fold-thrust belt is a linked dual-level system: an upper, cover-dominated, thin-skinned thrust system (domains II, IV, V) and a lower, basement-dominated, thick-skinned system (domains I, III); the lower system locally breached and out-of-sequence reimbricated the upper system.
  • D1 structures formed at peak pressure during basal accretion to the overriding wedge; D2 structures developed within the wedge during NW-directed transport in a sinistral transpressive setting; D3 cross-folds postdated normal faulting at the top of the wedge and formed during gravitational collapse.
  • Upper-system shortening is estimated at 50–100 km, and a minimum displacement of $\sim$150 km is inferred on the master thrust at the base of the Molson Lake terrane, implying the Grenville Orogen formerly extended >100 km north of the present Grenville Front.

Methods

  • Detailed field mapping, structural analysis, and metamorphic/microstructural study of the Gagnon terrane, divided into five lithotectonic domains (I–V) on the basis of stratigraphy, Grenvillian structure, and metamorphic grade.
  • Lithologic and stratigraphic data from the Archean Ashuanipi metamorphic complex, Paleoproterozoic Knob Lake Group, and Mesoproterozoic Shabogamo Gabbro, used with restored cross sections and tectonostratigraphic columns to reconstruct the pre-thrusting continental margin.
  • Geothermobarometry from garnet-bearing metapelitic assemblages, garnet zoning and P-T paths, kinematic indicators, overprinting relationships, and compiled U-Pb and $^{40}$Ar/$^{39}$Ar geochronology.

Limitations

  • The paper states that ductile deformation prevents accurate restoration, so reconstructions are qualitative and unbalanced; incomplete exposure along any single section and negligible topographic relief further limit depth reconstruction.
  • The depth of the lower thrust system’s sole thrust is not known precisely, and the paper states it cannot discriminate between two explanations for the contrasting basement character of domains I and III.
  • Some shear zones with apparent stratigraphic omission could alternatively be NW-vergent extensional structures; the paper states this cannot be unequivocally excluded for all examples, and the age of HP metamorphism in the Molson Lake terrane is debated ($\sim$1005 Ma versus $\sim$1050 Ma).

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1029/2006tc002095

Cites

82 of 82 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

0 of 90 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingown data

    There were important original lateral thickness changes in several units across the thrust belt.

    “These estimates indicate that there were important original lateral thickness changes in several units across the thrust belt”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    In domain I, Grenvillian metamorphic grade, determined from narrow shear zones of dynamically recrystallized phyllonite, varies from lower to upper greenschist facies from northwest to southeast.

    “Grenvillian metamorphic grade, determined from narrow shear zones of dynamically recrystallized phyllonite, varies from lower to upper greenschist facies from northwest to southeast.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingnone given

    Metamorphism in the Gagnon terrane ranged from upper greenschist facies (600 ± 100 MPa/450 ± 50°C) to upper amphibolite facies (1100 ± 100 MPa/750 ± 50°C) during the terminal stages of the Grenvillian Orogeny.

    “metamorphism ranging from upper greenschist facies ($600 ± 100 MPa/450 ± 50°C) to upper amphibolite facies ($1100 ± 100 MPa/750 ± 50°C) during the terminal stages of the Grenvillian Orogeny.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Estimates from the cross sections imply a thickness in excess of 2 km for the Attikamagen succession.

    “estimates from the cross sections imply a thickness in excess of 2 km.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingnone given

    Some of these extensional faults have been identified in the field and were subsequently reused in compression during inversion of the basin.

    “some of these extensional faults have been identified in the field and were subsequently reused in compression during inversion of the basin.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • It may state two separate claims as one. 154
  • Probably not a substantial claim. 20
  • The quote only partly states this claim. 1

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingnone given

    Domain I extends some 20 km southeast from the Grenville Front and comprises thrust sheets composed predominantly of Archean basement gneisses that are not affected by penetrative Grenvillian deformation at outcrop scale, except where transected by steeply dipping, reverse-sense Grenvillian shear zones up to 10 km apart.

    “Domain I, which extends some 20 km southeast from the Grenville Front, comprises thrust sheets composed predominantly of Archean basement gneisses that are not affected by penetrative Grenvillian deformation at outcrop scale, except where transected by steeply dipping, reversesense Grenvillian shear zones up to 10 km apart.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingcitation

    The Grenville Front is a SE-dipping structure that separates the foreland from the Grenvillian Parautochthonous Belt and is not a zone of major displacement.

    “The Parautochthonous Belt is underlain by lithologies that can be linked to the foreland [Rivers et al., 1989], implying the front is not a zone of major displacement”
    • Also stated in: § 4.1. Domain I · plain
      “The Grenville Front, the northwestern limit of domain I, is not the site of significant displacement.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Rivers et al., 1989 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingreasoning

    The original thickness of the western platform is estimated to be no more than 200 m and locally less than 100 m, whereas farther southeast the platform thickened to between 500 and 1500 m.

    “The original thickness of the western platform is estimated to be no more than 200 m and locally less than 100 m, whereas farther southeast the platform thickened to between 500 and 1500 m.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingcitation

    Peak P-T estimates across the metamorphic field gradient are: Zone 3 from ~600 MPa/450 °C (NW) to ~700 MPa/520 °C (SE); Zone 4 ~800 MPa/570 °C; Zone 5 ~900 MPa/600 °C; Zone 6 from ~1000 MPa/750 °C (NW) to ~1100 MPa/700 °C (SE).

    “This study yielded the following peak P-T estimates (each with P ± 100 MPa, T ± 50 °C) across the metamorphic field gradient (Figure 8b): Zone 3 (Ms À Bt À Grt) -from $600 MPa/450 °C (NW) to $700 MPa/520 °C (SE); Zone 4 (Ms À St À Ky À Grt) À $800 MPa/570 °C; Zone 5 (Ms À Bt À Grt À Ky) À $900 MPa/ 600 °C; Zone 6 (Ky À Bt À Grt À L) from $1000 MPa/750 °C (NW) to $1100 MPa/700 °C (SE).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites van Gool [1992]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • The authors state this as an assumption: Garnet was in equilibrium with distal matrix minerals during peak metamorphic conditions, and the proportion of matrix minerals to garnet was large enough that the matrix minerals could be considered infinite reservoirs.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingown data

    In the medium-grade thrust sheets (domain IV), kyanite and garnet overgrew a straight S1 fabric with only minor rotation and the external matrix fabric is continuous with the internal fabric and slightly draped around the porphyroblasts.

    “in the medium-grade thrust sheets (domain IV), kyanite and garnet overgrew a straight S 1 fabric with only minor rotation and the external matrix fabric is continuous with the internal fabric (where present) and slightly draped around the porphyroblasts”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingown data

    F1 folds in domain IV are rare, tight to isoclinal, strongly asymmetrical, SE-plunging structures parallel to Ls, suggesting reorientation toward the stretching direction, an interpretation confirmed by isolated sheath folds.

    “F 1 folds are rare, tight to isoclinal, strongly asymmetrical, SE-plunging structures parallel to L S , suggesting reorientation toward the stretching direction, an interpretation confirmed by isolated sheath folds.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingown data

    The sole thrust in the upper system is close to the basement-cover interface and the present erosion surface.

    “As is apparent from the cross sections, the sole thrust in the upper system is close to the basement-cover interface and the present erosion surface.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingown data

    The thrust sheets in domain II are extremely thin (<100 to 500 m) and contain slivers of highly reworked basement interleaved with cover rocks.

    “The thrust sheets in this domain are extremely thin (<100 to 500 m) and contain slivers of highly reworked basement interleaved with cover rocks.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingown data

    Thrusts in the lower system are inferred to cut previously imbricated strata and thrusts in the upper system, indicating the sequence of development of the two thrust belts.

    “The map and cross sections in Figures 3 and 6 show that the thrusts in the lower system are inferred to cut previously imbricated strata and thrusts in the upper system, indicating the sequence of development of the two thrust belts.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingown data

    The map pattern shows that the Molson Lake terrane overlies lithotectonic domain V of the fold-thrust belt in the southeast of the map area, but oversteps domain V farther north where it directly overlies lithotectonic domain IV.

    “The map pattern (Figures 2 and 3) shows that the Molson Lake terrane overlies lithotectonic domain V of the fold-thrust belt in the southeast of the map area, but oversteps domain V farther north where it directly overlies lithotectonic domain IV.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingcitation

    Metamorphic grade in Domain V is uppermost amphibolite facies and partial melting in quartzofeldspathic lithologies is widespread.

    “Metamorphic grade is in uppermost amphibolite facies and partial melting in quartzofeldspathic lithologies is widespread [Rivers, 1983b].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Rivers, 1983b

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingown data

    Most shear zones in the Gagnon terrane repeat the stratigraphy and show a wide range of features indicating NW-directed kinematics.

    “most shear zones in the Gagnon terrane repeat the stratigraphy and show a wide range of features indicating NW-directed kinematics.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingown data

    F3 cross-folds postdate all D2 structures and were related to a significantly different strain pattern.

    “In contrast, the F 3 cross-folds postdate all D 2 structures and were related to a significantly different strain pattern.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingcitation

    40Ar/39Ar hornblende analyses from the Lac Joseph terrane interior yield pre-Grenvillian ages, implying Grenvillian heating to <500°C.

    “40 Ar/ 39 Ar hornblende analyses from the terrane interior yield pre-Grenvillian ages, implying Grenvillian heating to <500°C”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Connelly, 1991;Connelly et al., 1996

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingown data

    F1 folds in domain II are asymmetric and generally tight to isoclinal, but locally have interlimb angles as large as 90°.

    “F 1 folds are asymmetric and generally tight to isoclinal (Figure 11f), but locally have interlimb angles as large as 90°.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingnone given

    F2 folds in domain V are asymmetric, open to tight structures with similar-fold geometry and occur on centimeter to kilometer scales, but an S2 axial planar fabric is rare.

    “F 2 folds are asymmetric, open to tight structures with similarfold geometry and occur on centimeter to kilometer scales, but an S 2 axial planar fabric is rare.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingown data

    The roof thrust of Domain V, the upper boundary of the Gagnon terrane, is the floor thrust of the Molson Lake terrane and is a ~1 km wide, ductile shear zone characterized by straight gneiss derived from the Attikamagen and Menihek Formations, with lenses of dolomitic marble and amphibolite.

    “The roof thrust of this domain, the upper boundary of the Gagnon terrane, is the floor thrust of the Molson Lake terrane.This is a $1 km wide, ductile shear zone characterized by straight gneiss derived from the Attikamagen and Menihek Formations, with lenses of dolomitic marble and amphibolite (Denault and McKay River Formations; Figures 2 and 3).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingown data

    Domain V is dominated by a several kilometers thick, metaclastic sequence of the Attikamagen Formation metamorphosed to coarse-grained schist and gneiss, and is characterized by large-scale folds with no major internal thrusts recognized.

    “Lithotectonic domain V is dominated by a several kilometers thick, metaclastic sequence of the Attikamagen Formation metamorphosed to coarse-grained schist and gneiss.It is characterized by large-scale folds and no major internal thrusts were recognized (Figure 3).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingnone given

    F2 folds in domain II commonly exhibit chevron style, tend to form fold trains, and seldom have an axial planar cleavage; most are NW-vergent and S2 axial planes are systematically steeper than the S1 foliation.

    “The F 2 folds commonly exhibit chevron style, tend to form fold trains, and seldom have an axial planar cleavage.Most are NW-vergent and S 2 axial planes are systematically steeper than the S 1 foliation.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingnone given

    The Sokoman Formation locally exceeds a kilometer in thickness and large F2 synclines are the sites of several active, open-pit, iron mines.

    “The Sokoman Formation locally exceeds a kilometer in thickness and large F 2 synclines are the sites of several active, open-pit, iron mines.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingown data

    All shear zones in domain I except one indicate top-to-NW displacement, along moderately to steeply SE-plunging stretching lineations.

    “All shear zones except one (see below) indicate top-to-NW displacement, along moderately to steeply SE-plunging stretching lineations.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingnone given

    Deformation of the thick supracrustal sequence in domain IV resulted in large-scale F2 folds in the southeast and thrust repetition in the northeast.

    “Deformation of the thick supracrustal sequence in this domain resulted in large-scale F 2 folds in the southeast and thrust repetition in the northeast.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingown data

    With a single exception, the isograds defining the metamorphic zones do not coincide with the lithotectonic domain boundaries, indicating they are not structurally controlled.

    “with a single exception, the isograds defining the metamorphic zones do not coincide with the lithotectonic domain boundaries, indicating they are not structurally controlled”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingown data

    Relict sedimentary layering and F1 folds are rare in domain V, preserved locally in areas of low D2 strain, but the oldest structure recognized in most outcrops is the S1 foliation, defined by the schistose to gneissic fabric and the preferred orientation of micas, kyanite, flattened quartz and feldspar.

    “Relict sedimentary layering and F 1 folds are rare, preserved locally in areas of low D 2 strain (Figure 11k), but the oldest structure recognized in most outcrops is the S 1 foliation, defined by the schistose to gneissic fabric and the preferred orientation of micas, kyanite, flattened quartz and feldspar.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingnone given

    Domain III principally consists of intensely reworked basement rocks, previously interpreted as schist of the Attikamagen Formation, local kilometer-scale, low-strain lenses of basement, and small amounts of cover rocks (Sokoman and Menihek Formations).

    “This wedge-shaped domain principally consists of intensely reworked basement rocks, previously interpreted as schist of the Attikamagen Formation, local kilometerscale, low-strain lenses of basement, and small amounts of cover rocks (Sokoman and Menihek Formations).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingown data

    F2 folds in domain IV, common in banded ironstone and reworked Archean gneiss, are open to tight, NW-vergent, and strongly noncylindrical, resulting in a great circle distribution on a SE-dipping plane.

    “F 2 folds, common in banded ironstone and reworked Archean gneiss, are open to tight, NW-vergent, and strongly noncylindrical, resulting in a great circle distribution on a SE-dipping plane (Figure 10).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingown data

    Six metamorphic zones are distinguished on the basis of diagnostic mineral assemblages (all with Qtz-Pl): Zone 1 Ms-Chl; Zone 2 Ms-Chl-Bt; Zone 3 Ms-Bt-Grt; Zone 4 Ms-St-Ky; Zone 5 Ms-Bt-Grt-Ky; Zone 6 Ky-Bt-Grt-L.

    “Six metamorphic zones are distinguished on the basis of the following assemblages (all with Qtz-Pl): Zone 1 -Ms À Chl; Zone 2 -Ms À Chl À Bt; Zone 3 -Ms À Bt À Grt; Zone 4 -Ms À St À Ky; Zone 5 -Ms À Bt À Grt À Ky; Zone 6 -Ky À Bt À Grt À L”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingown data

    Isograds in the lower thrust sheets in the northwest of the map area are at an angle to the lithotectonic domains and cut across them, whereas those in the higher thrust sheets coincide with them.

    “the isograds in the lower thrust sheets in the northwest of the map area are at an angle to the lithotectonic domains and cut across them, whereas those in the higher thrust sheets coincide with them.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingown data

    Grenvillian structures are subdivided into S1 foliation associated with NW-vergent shear zones and shear folds, NW-vergent D2 structures related to thrusting that deform S1, and large upright SE-plunging crossfolds F3.

    “the Grenvillian structures are subdivided into (1) a regionally penetrative foliation, S 1 , associated with NW-vergent shear zones and shear folds, (2) NW-vergent D 2 structures related to thrusting that deform the S 1 foliation, and (3) large upright SE-plunging crossfolds (F 3 ).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingown data

    Throughout the map area, overprinting relationships show evidence for several generations of Grenvillian structures, most of which formed in a NW-vergent kinematic framework during thrusting.

    “Throughout the map area, overprinting relationships show evidence for several generations of Grenvillian structures, most of which formed in a NW-vergent kinematic framework during thrusting.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingown data

    F2 folds in domain III are asymmetric, NW-vergent, and overturned, with moderately to steeply SE-dipping axial surfaces; F2 fold axes are curvilinear owing to partial reorientation toward Ls.

    “F 2 folds are asymmetric, NW-vergent, and overturned, with moderately to steeply SE-dipping axial surfaces; F 2 fold axes are curvilinear (Figure 11h) owing to partial reorientation toward L S .”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingown data

    Several shallow to moderately SE-dipping shear zones have the same NW-directed kinematic indicators but apparently omit part of the stratigraphy.

    “several shallow to moderately SE-dipping shear zones have the same NW-directed kinematic indicators, but apparently omit part of the stratigraphy.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingcitation

    The cover sequence in Domain V is penetratively folded into NW-verging F2 folds that are overprinted by SE-plunging, kilometer-scale F3 folds, resulting in a dome-and-basin interference pattern.

    “The cover sequence is penetratively folded into NW-verging F 2 folds that are overprinted by SE-plunging, kilometer-scale F 3 folds, resulting in a dome-and-basin interference pattern [Rivers, 1983a].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Rivers, 1983a

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingown data

    Domain II consists of an imbricate stack of shallowly SE-dipping, ductile thrusts that repeat the cover stratigraphy, and it exhibits obvious elements of interference between the upper and lower thrust systems.

    “Lithotectonic domain II consists of an imbricate stack of shallowly SE-dipping, ductile thrusts that repeat the cover stratigraphy, and it also exhibits obvious elements of interference between the upper and lower thrust systems”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingnone given

    Metamorphic grade in domain II is greenschist facies, increasing from northwest to southeast.

    “Metamorphic grade is greenschist facies, increasing from northwest to southeast.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingown data

    In addition to earlier formation of S1 in the southeast, the southeastern thrust sheets experienced larger P-T-t loops, a longer duration of metamorphism, and a more complex microstructural evolution than those farther northwest.

    “In addition to the earlier formation of S 1 in the southeast, these thrust sheets also experienced larger P-T-t loops, a longer duration of metamorphism, and a more complex microstructural evolution than those farther northwest.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingreasoning

    The NW-trending F3 cross-folds in the Gagnon terrane are high-level, map-scale, upright folds that lack an axial planar cleavage and principally affect the southern, more ductile part of the map area, including the overlying Molson Lake terrane and the base of the Lac Joseph terrane, and die out structurally downward in the thrust stack toward the north.

    “The resultant high-level, map-scale, upright F 3 folds, which lack an axial planar cleavage and principally affect the southern, more ductile part of the map area including the overlying Molson Lake terrane and the base of the Lac Joseph terrane, die out structurally downward in the thrust stack toward the north.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingreasoning

    Metamorphic assemblages that define the S1 shear foliation in the upper thrust system formed under peak metamorphic conditions and record the transition from the footwall to the hanging wall of the main thrust.

    “assemblages that define the S 1 shear foliation in the upper thrust system formed under peak metamorphic conditions and record the transition from the footwall to the hanging wall of the main thrust.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingnone given

    The sense of vergence is consistent throughout the belt, with dips of S0 < S1 < S2 where the three surfaces can be distinguished at any one location.

    “the sense of vergence is consistent throughout the belt, with dips of S 0 <S 1 <S 2 where the three surfaces can be distinguished at any one location”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingcitation

    Two single-grain U-Pb monazite determinations of circa 1.73 and 1.68 Ga from anatectic metapelite farther west in the Gagnon terrane suggest that there may have been at least local Paleoproterozoic metamorphism in the Gagnon terrane prior to the Grenvillian Orogeny, but its extent is unknown and there is no evidence for pre-Grenvillian deformation in the map area.

    “Two single-grain, U-Pb monazite determinations of circa 1.73 and 1.68 Ga from anatectic metapelite farther west in the Gagnon terrane suggest that there may have been at least local Paleoproterozoic metamorphism in the Gagnon terrane prior to the Grenvillian Orogeny [Jordan et al., 2006], but its extent is unknown and there is no evidence for pre-Grenvillian deformation in the map area.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Jordan et al., 2006 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingnone given

    At low metamorphic grades near the leading edge of the orogenic wedge, deformation was strongly partitioned into the reactivated fault zones, whereas at higher grades it was more distributed and resulted in penetrative refoliation of basement.

    “At low metamorphic grades near the leading edge of the orogenic wedge, deformation was strongly partitioned into the reactivated fault zones, whereas at higher grades it was more distributed and resulted in penetrative refoliation of basement.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingnone given

    In domain I near the leading edge of the thrust system, the strain is mainly partitioned into narrow thrust zones, whereas in the more internal domain III, ductile strain is distributed throughout the reworked basement rocks with only isolated, low-strain lenses remaining.

    “In domain I near the leading edge of the thrust system, the strain is mainly partitioned into narrow thrust zones, whereas in the more internal domain III, ductile strain is distributed throughout the reworked basement rocks with only isolated, low-strain lenses remaining.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingcitation

    The depth of burial increased to ~43 km farther southwest in Québec, where the pressure of Grenvillian metamorphism is estimated to have been ~1600 MPa, indicating the orogenic wedge was of crustal scale.

    “The depth of burial increased to $43 km farther southwest in Que ´bec, where the pressure of Grenvillian metamorphism is estimated to have been $1600 MPa [Indares, 1995], indicating the orogenic wedge was of crustal scale.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Indares, 1995

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingown data

    In this case, the evidence for reactivation is based on the increased thickness of supracrustal units adjacent to the reactivated extensional faults in the lower thrust system that pierce the upper thrust system and cause fold interference, as well as the presence of small footwall or hanging wall duplexes.

    “In this case, the evidence is based on the increased thickness of supracrustal units adjacent to the reactivated extensional faults in the lower thrust system that pierce the upper thrust system and cause fold interference, as well as the presence of small footwall or hanging wall duplexes”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingown data

    Syn-D1 growth of garnet with spiral inclusion trails under peak P-T conditions in the northwestern thrust sheets was coeval with syn-D2 garnet retrogression under waning P-T in the southeastern thrust sheets and the formation of a late fabric that wrapped around the garnet.

    “Figure 15d, for instance, suggests that syn-D 1 growth of garnet with spiral inclusion trails under peak P-T conditions in the northwestern thrust sheets (see Figure 13) was coeval with syn-D 2 garnet retrogression under waning P-T in the southeastern thrust sheets and the formation of a late fabric that wrapped around the garnet.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingreasoning

    Such a geometry would show decreasing amounts of basement in the thrust belt from southeast to northwest, whereas the opposite is the case.

    “such a geometry would show decreasing amounts of basement in the thrust belt from southeast to northwest, whereas the opposite is the case.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Findingown data

    The remainder of the banded iron formation is quartzite with thin carbonate seams.

    “remainder is quartzite with thin carbonate seams”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Findingown data

    An F2 fold occurs in the bottom right-hand corner of the outcrop.

    “Note the F 2 fold in bottom right-hand corner of the outcrop.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingown data

    Both hanging wall anticline and footwall syncline are developed in the fold nappe.

    “and both hanging wall anticline and footwall syncline are developed.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingnone given

    The Gagnon terrane contains a dual-level thrust belt, comprising a thin-skinned upper system developed principally in the cover sequence and incorporating slivers of reworked basement, and a thick-skinned lower system developed in the basement.

    “Note the dual-level thrust belt, comprising a thin-skinned, upper system developed principally in the cover sequence and incorporating slivers of reworked basement, and a thick-skinned, lower system developed in the basement.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingnone given

    The amount of tectonic transport of the domain V control point is ~50 km compared to the domain II control point ~10 km.

    “Note the amount of tectonic transport of the domain V control point ($50 km) compared to the domain II control point ($10 km)”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Findingnone given

    S1 is folded into large F2 folds and smaller F2 crenulations, which lack an S2 axial planar fabric.

    “S 1 is folded into large F 2 folds and smaller F 2 crenulations, which lack an S 2 axial planar fabric.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationnone given

    The D3 cross-folds postdated normal faulting at the top of the wedge and formed during gravitational collapse.

    “The D 3 cross-folds postdated normal faulting at the top of the wedge and formed during gravitational collapse.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationown data

    The Denault Formation marks the eastern edge of the former continental shelf/platform and the site of a radical change in the thicknesses of stratigraphic units.

    “The eastern edge of the continental platform is marked by a 2-to 3-km-wide unit of marble of the Denault Formation, interpreted as a reef deposit, which marks the site of a radical change in the thicknesses of stratigraphic units.”
    • Also stated in: § 4.4. Domain IV · plain
      “The Denault Formation, at the eastern margin of domain IV, marks the edge of the former continental shelf.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationown data

    To the southeast of the Denault Formation, there is a several kilometers thick succession of metamorphosed psammite and pelite of the Attikamagen Formation, interpreted as deep shelf and slope deposits.

    “To the southeast, the Denault Formation gives way to a several kilometers thick succession of metamorphosed psammite and pelite of the Attikamagen Formation, interpreted as deep shelf and slope deposits.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationown data

    The Gagnon fold-thrust belt is a linked system comprising two NW-vergent thrust stacks: an upper, cover-dominated, thin-skinned stack and a lower, thick-skinned stack developed in the Archean basement; the thin-skinned system preceded and overlies the thick-skinned system.

    “The fold-thrust belt developed sequentially on two levels: a thin-skinned, cover-dominated thrust system preceded and overlies a thick-skinned, basement-dominated system.”
    • Also stated in: § 1.3. Gagnon Terrane as a Foreland Fold-Thrust Belt · plain
      “we now recognize that the Gagnon fold-thrust belt is a linked system comprising two NW-vergent thrust stacks, an upper, coverdominated, thin-skinned stack and a lower, thick-skinned stack developed in the Archean basement.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The Knob Lake Group comprised a non-layer-cake stratigraphic sequence deposited on an extended block-faulted passive margin with considerable basement topography, and the basement rocks themselves were transected by extensional faults.

    “this reconstruction suggests that the Knob Lake Group comprised a non-layer-cake stratigraphic sequence deposited on an extended block-faulted passive margin with considerable basement topography and the basement rocks themselves were transected by extensional faults.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationown data

    Characteristic features of midcrustal, metamorphic, thrust wedges include growth by basal accretion, polyphase ductile deformation and noncoaxial strain, dual-level development, extensive basement involvement, and terminal gravitational collapse associated with cross-folding.

    “On the basis of this study, characteristic features of midcrustal, metamorphic, thrust wedges include growth by basal accretion, polyphase ductile deformation and noncoaxial strain, dual-level development, extensive basement involvement, and terminal gravitational collapse associated with cross-folding.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationown data

    Formation of the Gagnon fold-thrust belt is linked to overthrusting by the crustal-scale Molson Lake terrane, which led to incorporation of the underlying rocks and the fold-thrust character of the Gagnon terrane, with polyphase ductile deformation of the thrust wedge terminating in late-stage gravitational collapse.

    “we now link formation of the fold-thrust belt to overthrusting by the crustal-scale Molson Lake terrane, which led to incorporation of the underlying rocks and the fold-thrust character of the Gagnon terrane, with polyphase ductile deformation of the thrust wedge terminating in late-stage gravitational collapse.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationcitation

    The Lac Joseph terrane is inferred to be part of the Orogenic Lid, part of the orogenic suprastructure that was dropped down to midcrustal levels on late extensional faults.

    “the Lac Joseph terrane is inferred to be part of the Orogenic Lid (Figure 1), that is, part of the orogenic suprastructure that was dropped down to midcrustal levels on late extensional faults”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Rivers, 2008 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationcitation

    The Molson Lake terrane is a nappe of crustal proportions (20-30 km thick) inferred to have acted as the dominant thrust sheet.

    “the overlying Molson Lake terrane, which is a nappe of crustal proportions (20-to 30-km thick; see below) that is inferred to have acted as the dominant thrust sheet in the sense of Boyer and Elliott [1982].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Boyer and Elliott [1982]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Premisecitation

    Indares and Rivers [1995] reported the presence of relict Grenvillian eclogite-facies assemblages in the dry cores of Shabogamo metagabbro bodies.

    “Indares and Rivers [1995] reported the presence of relict Grenvillian eclogite-facies assemblages in the dry cores of Shabogamo metagabbro bodies”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Indares and Rivers [1995] source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationcitation

    Exhumation is interpreted to have occurred rapidly, since prograde zoning profiles are preserved in most samples and retrograde zoning is minor except in the extreme southeast of the belt.

    “exhumation is interpreted to have occurred rapidly, since prograde zoning profiles are preserved in most samples and retrograde zoning is minor except in the extreme southeast of the belt.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationcitation

    Alternative modes of displacement on such thrusts can lead to the formation of the basement-cored fold nappes observed locally, with one or more thin basement and cover sheets introduced into the thrust stack by shortcut faults.

    “Alternative modes of displacement on such thrusts can lead to the formation of the basement-cored fold nappes observed locally (Figures 12b and 12c), with one or more thin basement and cover sheets introduced into the thrust stack by shortcut faults (Figure 12b after Brown et al. [1991]).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Brown et al. [1991] source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Metamorphic grade increased from NW to SE across the thrust belt as a whole and from NE to SW within the lower thrust sheets, indicating that peak metamorphism in these thrust sheets postdated thrusting.

    “This implies that metamorphic grade not only increased from NW to SE across the thrust belt as a whole, but that it also increased from NE to SW within the lower thrust sheets, indicating that peak metamorphism in these thrust sheets postdated thrusting.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    The Gagnon terrane is underlain by a Paleoproterozoic continental margin sequence and its Archean basement that were imbricated during the Grenvillian Orogeny in the latest Mesoproterozoic to earliest Neoproterozoic.

    “The Gagnon terrane is underlain by a Paleoproterozoic continental margin sequence and its Archean basement that were imbricated during the Grenvillian Orogeny in the latest Mesoproterozoic to earliest Neoproterozoic”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Rivers, 1983a

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Rivers et al., 1993

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationown data

    Porphyroblast growth locally took place before, synchronous with, and after fabric development at all metamorphic grades.

    “These observations, which indicate that porphyroblast growth locally took place before, synchronous with, and after fabric development at all metamorphic grades”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Highly sheared basement rocks in the central part of domain IV around Mont Bondurant are directly overlain by the Wishart Formation, with the absence of Attikamagen Formation suggesting the presence of a former basement high.

    “Highly sheared basement rocks in the central part of this domain around Mont Bondurant (Figure 6) are directly overlain by the Wishart Formation, with the absence of Attikamagen Formation suggesting the presence of a former basement high.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Study design and conductreasoning

    No firm regional correlation can be made between generations of structures and there is no absolute time connotation associated with the numbering.

    “With this approach, no firm regional correlation can be made between generations of structures and there is no absolute time connotation associated with the numbering.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Metamorphic rocks in the Gagnon terrane followed hairpin-shaped P-T paths, with very minor P-T differences between Pmax and Tmax.

    “van Gool [1992] concluded that the metamorphic rocks in the Gagnon terrane followed hairpinshaped, P-T paths (Figure 8b), with very minor P-T differences between P max and T max .”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites van Gool [1992]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationnone given

    The present erosion surface exhumes rocks that formed at different depths and is thus an oblique section through the thrust belt.

    “the present erosion surface exhumes rocks that formed at different depths and is thus an oblique section through the thrust belt.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Premisecitation

    Indares and Rivers [1995] estimated maximum P-T conditions ranging from 1600 ± 100 MPa/850 ± 50 °C in the south of the Molson Lake terrane to 1200 ± 100 MPa/750 ± 50 °C in the north near the contact with the Gagnon terrane.

    “for which they estimated maximum P-T conditions ranging from 1600 ± 100 MPa/ 850 ± 50 °C in the south of the terrane to 1200 ± 100 MPa/ 750 ± 50 °C in the north near the contact with the Gagnon terrane.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Indares and Rivers [1995] source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The interpretation that these shear zones are NW-vergent extensional structures that cut out part of the stratigraphy is unlikely for most examples but cannot be unequivocally excluded for all.

    “The presence of thrust-sense kinematic indicators and a similar metamorphic grade to the thrust-sense shear zones renders this interpretation unlikely for most examples, but it cannot be unequivocally excluded for all of them”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Extensional structures have been reported elsewhere in the Parautochthonous Belt and are widespread in the Grenville hinterland.

    “extensional structures have been reported elsewhere in the Parautochthonous Belt [e.g., Jamieson et al., 1995;Martignole et al., 2000;Rivers et al., 2002;Martignole and Martelat, 2005] and are widespread in the Grenville hinterland [e.g., Cosca et al., 1992;Busch et al., 1996;Streepey et al., 2000].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Jamieson et al., 1995;Martignole et al., 2000;Rivers et al., 2002;Martignole and Martelat, 2005

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Cosca et al., 1992;Busch et al., 1996;Streepey et al., 2000

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The depth of the sole thrust in the lower thrust system is not known precisely because it is not exposed, but it is expected to be of the same order of magnitude as the spacing of the thrusts in the basement, about 2-5 km.

    “The depth of the sole thrust in the lower thrust system is not known precisely (it is not exposed), but it is expected to be of the same order of magnitude as the spacing of the thrusts in the basement, which is about 2 -5 km.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationcitation

    Microstructural measurements of quartz c-axes have confirmed that quartz exhibits both shape and lattice preferred orientations in monoclinic microfabrics in quartzite of the Wishart and Sokoman Formations, indicating NW-directed, noncoaxial shear.

    “microstructural measurements of quartz c-axes have confirmed that quartz exhibits both shape and lattice preferred orientations in monoclinic microfabrics in quartzite of the Wishart and Sokoman Formations, indicating NW-directed, noncoaxial shear [van Gool, 1992].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites van Gool, 1992

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    The Molson Lake terrane experienced penetrative Grenvillian deformation and eclogite-facies metamorphism with temperatures >800°C.

    “the Molson Lake terrane that experienced penetrative Grenvillian deformation and eclogite-facies metamorphism with temperatures >800°C”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Connelly et al., 1995;Indares and Rivers, 1995

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Premisecitation

    Connelly et al. [1995] estimated P-T values of ~1200-1400 MPa/750-850 °C for Grenvillian upper amphibolite-facies assemblages in both granitoid rocks and the metamorphosed Shabogamo Gabbro.

    “Connelly et al. [1995] estimated P-T values of $1200-1400 MPa/750 -850 °C for Grenvillian upper amphibolite-facies assemblages in both granitoid rocks and the metamorphosed Shabogamo Gabbro”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Connelly et al. [1995] source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Within the Gagnon terrane, all units were stacked and folded in a NW-directed fold-thrust belt, with metamorphic grade ranging from lower greenschist facies in the northwest near the Grenville Front to upper amphibolite facies in the highest thrust sheets in the southeast of the map area.

    “Within the Gagnon terrane, all these units were stacked and folded in a NW-directed fold-thrust belt, with metamorphic grade ranging from lower greenschist facies in the northwest near the Grenville Front, to upper amphibolite facies in the highest thrust sheets in the southeast of the map area”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Rivers, 1983a

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Rivers, 1983b

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    These pressures indicate that the depth of burial increased systematically from northwest to southeast across the thrust belt from ~18 km in metamorphic Zone 3 to ~30 km in Zones 5 and 6, with a corresponding 300 °C increase in temperature.

    “These pressures indicate that the depth of burial increased systematically from northwest to southeast across the thrust belt from $18 km in metamorphic Zone 3 to $30 km in Zones 5 and 6, with a corresponding 300 °C increase in temperature.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Study design and conductown data

    The authors are presently unable to discriminate between the two explanations for the contrasting basement character in domains I and III with the available data, and it is likely that both may have been important.

    “We are presently unable to discriminate between these two explanations with the available data and it is likely that both may have been important.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationnone given

    The metamorphic fold-thrust belt in Gagnon terrane is an upper-crustal to midcrustal feature, forming the transition from the foreland to the high-grade core of the orogen.

    “The metamorphic fold-thrust belt in Gagnon terrane is an upper-crustal to midcrustal feature, forming the transition from the foreland to the high-grade core of the orogen.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The original boundary between the Molson Lake and Lac Joseph terranes was a thrust that was reactivated in extension, with both senses of displacement preserved in different parts of the shear zone.

    “This is interpreted to indicate that the original boundary was a thrust that was reactivated in extension, with both senses of displacement preserved in different part of the shear zone.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    The interplay between accretion and deformation, including geomorphologic and/or tectonic erosion at the top of the wedge, controls the taper, which in turn influences the P-T distribution.

    “The interplay between these processes, including the role of geomorphologic and/or tectonic erosion at the top of the wedge [e.g., Beaumont et al., 1992;Willett, 1992], controls the taper, which in turn influences the P-T distribution [Koons et al., 2002].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Beaumont et al., 1992;Willett, 1992

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Koons et al., 2002

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The upper thrust system is a thin-skinned thrust belt, the unusual aspect being the occurrence of thin basement sheets interleaved with the cover.

    “The upper thrust system is a thin-skinned thrust belt, the unusual aspect being the occurrence of thin basement sheets interleaved with the cover.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationcitation

    The mylonitic contact between the Lac Joseph and Molson Lake terranes is folded by F3 folds, indicating that extensional emplacement of the Lac Joseph terrane preceded the last phase of ductile deformation in the wedge.

    “the mylonitic contact between the Lac Joseph and Molson Lake terranes is folded by F 3 folds [Connelly et al., 1995], indicating that extensional emplacement of the Lac Joseph terrane preceded the last phase of ductile deformation in the wedge.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Connelly et al., 1995 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The F3 cross-folds die out toward the northwest in structurally deeper levels of the Gagnon terrane and also affect its tectonic cover, the Molson Lake and Lac Joseph terranes, indicating they are relatively shallow structures.

    “they die out toward the northwest in structurally deeper levels of the Gagnon terrane and they also affect its tectonic cover, the Molson Lake and Lac Joseph terranes, indicating they are relatively shallow structures.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The F3 cross-folds have NNW-trending fold axes orthogonal to the thrust belt, suggesting a significant change in the kinematic framework.

    “Their NNWtrending fold axes are orthogonal to the thrust belt, suggesting a significant change in the kinematic framework.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The Gagnon terrane was buried between ~18 to 30 km depth in the study area, with the majority of the load being attributed to the Molson Lake terrane.

    “The Gagnon terrane was buried between $18to 30-km depth in the study area, with the majority of the load being attributed to the Molson Lake terrane.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Basement highs were decapitated and incorporated into the thrust belt as inliers, basement-cored fold nappes, or thin, highly deformed basement sheets.

    “Basement highs were ''decapitated'' and incorporated into the thrust belt as inliers, basement-cored fold nappes, or thin, highly deformed basement sheets”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationcitation

    The earliest stage in the Grenvillian evolution of the fold-thrust belt occurred southeast of the Gagnon terrane and involved tectonic burial of the future Molson Lake terrane to depths of ~40-60 km and the development of eclogite-facies assemblages in meta-gabbro.

    “The earliest stage in the Grenvillian evolution of the fold-thrust belt (not illustrated in Figure 15) occurred southeast of the Gagnon terrane and involved tectonic burial of the future Molson Lake terrane to depths of $40-60 km and the development of eclogite-facies assemblages in meta-gabbro”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Indares and Rivers, 1995 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    These differences are not simply the result of rheological contrasts, but are inferred to also reflect the existence of two separate stacked thrust systems.

    “They are not simply the result of rheological contrasts, but are inferred to also reflect the existence of two separate stacked thrust systems”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The measured circa 1005 Ma metamorphic age in the Molson Lake terrane reflects the time of the HP metamorphism, with metamorphism in the Gagnon terrane being slightly younger from circa 1005-980 Ma.

    “As a result, we now infer that the measured circa 1005 Ma metamorphic age in the Molson Lake terrane does reflect the time of the HP metamorphism, as originally concluded by Connelly and Heaman [1993], with metamorphism in the Gagnon terrane being slightly younger from circa 1005 -980 Ma.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Connelly and Heaman, 1993 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    The Lac Joseph terrane is cut by a suite of pegmatite dykes with a single spaced foliation that has yielded a U-Pb zircon crystallization age of 999 +5/-3 Ma, attesting to limited Grenvillian tectonism after crystallization.

    “In addition, the terrane is cut by a suite of pegmatite dykes with a single spaced foliation that has yielded a U-Pb zircon crystallization age of 999 +5/À3 Ma [Connelly and Heaman, 1993] attesting to limited Grenvillian tectonism after crystallization.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Connelly and Heaman, 1993 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.

    Study design and conductnone given

    Such features can only be interpreted with confidence in the field where the stratigraphy is distinctive and exposure is extensive.

    “Such features can only be interpreted with confidence in the field where the stratigraphy is distinctive and exposure is extensive.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Deformation and metamorphism in the Gagnon terrane occurred in the footwall of an orogenic wedge comprising the Molson Lake terrane, which must have been thrust a considerable distance over the Gagnon terrane.

    “These observations support the interpretation that deformation and metamorphism in the Gagnon terrane occurred in the footwall of an orogenic wedge comprising the Molson Lake terrane, which must have been thrust a considerable distance over the Gagnon terrane.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    The Molson Lake terrane is structurally overlain by the Lac Joseph terrane, which lacks evidence for penetrative Grenvillian metamorphism except near its base.

    “the Molson Lake terrane is structurally overlain by the Lac Joseph terrane, which lacks evidence for penetrative Grenvillian metamorphism except near its base [Connelly, 1991].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Connelly, 1991

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationnone given

    Structures in the lower thrust system formed while metamorphic grade was elevated and movement of the wedge was arrested while the rocks were hot.

    “Structures in the lower thrust system formed while metamorphic grade was elevated and movement of the wedge was arrested while the rocks were hot.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Thrusts in the lower system locally breach their roof thrust and result in folding and out-of-sequence thrusts in the upper system, indicating formation of the lower system postdated the upper system.

    “Thrusts in the lower system, which locally breach their roof thrust and result in folding and out-of-sequence thrusts in the upper system, indicate formation of the lower system postdated the upper system.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationnone given

    The interpretation from field observations that the thrusts in domains I and II reactivate existing extensional faults has been extrapolated throughout the lower thrust system.

    “The interpretation from field observations that the thrusts in domains I and II reactivate existing extensional faults (Figure 12) has been extrapolated throughout the lower thrust system”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Hornblende from the central part of the Lac Joseph terrane records pre-Grenvillian 40Ar/39Ar ages, whereas muscovite restricted to the shear zone at the base of the terrane has yielded 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages of circa 1000 and 990 Ma.

    “With respect to the Lac Joseph terrane, hornblende from the central part of the terrane records pre-Grenvillian 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages, as noted previously, whereas muscovite (which is restricted to the shear zone at the base of the terrane) has yielded 40 Ar/ 39 Ar plateau ages of circa 1000 and 990 Ma [Connelly, 1991].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Connelly, 1991

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationnone given

    At this stage, the main décollement horizon again stepped down to the preexisting extensional fault system in the Archean basement, reactivating the faults obliquely in transpression.

    “At this stage, the main de ´collement horizon again stepped down, this time to the preexisting extensional fault system in the Archean basement (Figure 15e), reactivating the faults obliquely in transpression.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationown data

    Shear fabrics in the two systems have similar kinematic and metamorphic signatures, indicating that they were closely related in time and formed during progressive evolution of the thrust belt as a result of down-stepping of the sole thrust from near the basement-cover contact to several kilometers into the basement.

    “shear fabrics in the two systems have similar kinematic and metamorphic signatures, indicating that they were closely related in time and formed during progressive evolution of the thrust belt as a result of down-stepping of the sole thrust from near the basement-cover contact to several kilometers into the basement.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    The Knob Lake Group is Paleoproterozoic (circa 2.2-1.9 Ga) in age, and at the time of the Grenvillian collision was located well inboard of the Laurentian continental margin on account of the development during the Mesoproterozoic of a more external, long-lived, continental-margin arc on SE Laurentia.

    “the sequence in question, the Knob Lake Group, is Paleoproterozoic (circa 2.2-1.9Ga) in age, and at the time of the Grenvillian collision was located well inboard of the Laurentian continental margin on account of the development during the Mesoproterozoic of a more external, long-lived, continental-margin arc on SE Laurentia”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Gower, 1996;Rivers, 1997;Rivers and Corrigan, 2000;Karlstrom et al., 2001

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Reactivation of extensional growth faults during basin inversion is a common feature of high-level rift basins where stratigraphic thicknesses and structures are well imaged by shallow seismic surveys, but it is rarely documented in Precambrian metamorphic fold-thrust belts.

    “Reactivation of extensional growth faults during basin inversion is a common feature of high-level rift basins where stratigraphic thicknesses and structures are well imaged by shallow seismic surveys [e.g., McClay and Buchanan, 1992], but it is rarely documented in Precambrian metamorphic fold-thrust belts.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites McClay and Buchanan, 1992 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationnone given

    The lower thrust system developed in the Archean basement and consists of thick-skinned thrust sheets several kilometers thick.

    “The lower thrust system developed in the Archean basement and consists of thick-skinned thrust sheets several kilometers thick.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Assuming the front of the thrust wedge was orthogonal to the NNW movement direction, the western part of the thrust wedge would have encountered the promontory on the Archean basement earliest, retarding its displacement and causing development of the NNW-trending, strike-slip shear zones in the margin of the Molson Lake terrane.

    “Assuming the front of the thrust wedge was orthogonal to the NNW movement direction (Figure 16a) as it overrode the sediments of the Knob Lake Group, the western part of the thrust wedge would have encountered the promontory on the Archean basement earliest, retarding its displacement and causing development of the NNW-tending, strike-slip shear zones in the margin of the Molson Lake terrane”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • The authors state this as an assumption: The front of the thrust wedge was orthogonal to the NNW movement direction as it overrode the sediments of the Knob Lake Group.

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Peak metamorphism in the Molson Lake terrane took place at circa 1005 Ma and was followed by cooling through the closure temperature of rutile (~600°C) some 10 My later.

    “Connelly and Heaman [1993] interpreted that peak metamorphism in the Molson Lake terrane took place at circa 1005 Ma and was followed by cooling through the closure temperature of rutile ($600°C) some 10 My later.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Connelly and Heaman, 1993 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Two fundamental processes involved in the formation and evolution of an orogenic wedge are accretion of material to the wedge and deformation of the material within the wedge due to internal and external stresses.

    “There are thus two fundamental processes involved in the formation and evolution of an orogenic wedge: accretion of material to the wedge and deformation of the material within the wedge due to the internal and external stresses imposed on it”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Chapple, 1978;Davis et al., 1983;Dahlen and Barr, 1989

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    D1 and D2 structures developed coevally in different parts of the wedge, but individual particles in the thrust belt went through D1 before D2 during their structural evolution.

    “it is inferred that the D 1 and D 2 structures developed coevally in different parts of the wedge, but that individual particles in the thrust belt went through D 1 (basal accretion to the wedge) before D 2 (deformation within the ductile wedge) during their structural evolution.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Mylonitic granite from the shear zone separating the Molson Lake and Lac Joseph terranes has yielded three variably discordant zircon fractions defining a chord with upper and lower intercepts of circa 1650 and 990 Ma, and two concordant titanite fractions yielded ages of circa 990 Ma; the latter age is interpreted to date displacement on the shear zone and provides a maximum age for the F3 cross-

    “Finally, mylonitic granite from the shear zone separating the Molson Lake and Lac Joseph terranes has yielded three variably discordant (45 -69%) zircon fractions that define a chord with upper and lower intercepts of circa 1650 and 990 Ma, and two concordant titanite fractions yielded ages of circa 990 Ma [Connelly and Heaman, 1993], the latter age being interpreted to date the displacement on”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Connelly and Heaman, 1993 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Since the depth to the sole thrust is related to the spacing of the thrusts in the basement at the surface, and the latter is on the order of 2-5 km near the Grenville Front, the sole thrust is not expected to significantly exceed this depth under most of the map area.

    “since the depth to the sole thrust is related to the spacing of the thrusts in the basement at the surface, and the latter is on the order of 2-5 km near the Grenville Front, the sole thrust is not expected to significantly exceed this depth under most of the map area.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationnone given

    In the area of the Grenville Province under consideration, the orogenic wedge initially comprised the Molson Lake terrane, which was exhumed from the lower crust and emplaced on the flat-lying Knob Lake sequence.

    “In the area of the Grenville Province under consideration, it is inferred that the orogenic wedge initially comprised the Molson Lake terrane, which was exhumed from the lower crust and emplaced on the flat-lying Knob Lake sequence.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationnone given

    Other aspects of the structural architecture reflect the original nonlayer-cake configuration of the continental margin, the reactivation of preexisting extensional faults in the basement, and the rheology of the dominant thrust sheet (Molson Lake terrane).

    “Other aspects of the structural architecture reflect the original nonlayer-cake configuration of the continental margin, the reactivation of preexisting extensional faults in the basement, and the rheology of the dominant thrust sheet (Molson Lake terrane).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The Gagnon fold-thrust belt exhibits two significant deviations from generic Coulomb models for foreland fold-thrust belts: the existence of a dual-level thrust system, and the incorporation of thin basement slices in the upper thrust system and thick basement slices in the lower system.

    “the Gagnon foldthrust belt exhibits two significant deviations from generic Coulomb models for foreland fold-thrust belts: that is, the existence of a dual-level thrust system, and the incorporation of thin basement slices in the upper thrust system and thick basement slices in the lower system.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationcitation

    The formation of the lower thrust system could have been driven by a progressive increase in the strength of the base of the wedge due to incorporation of the Archean basement, and/or by the large difference in thickness of the Knob Lake Group stratigraphy in the southeast compared to the northwest.

    “This could have been driven by a progressive increase in the strength of the base of the wedge [Willett, 1992] due to incorporation of the Archean basement, and/or as a result of the large difference in thickness of the Knob Lake Group stratigraphy in the southeast (slope deposits !2 km thick) compared to the northwest (platform deposits 200 m thick)”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Willett, 1992 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationnone given

    The interpretation of ductile extensional faulting and associated folding in the Gagnon terrane is the third example from the Parautochthonous Belt and the first interpretation in which the origin of these structures has been related to gravitational spreading.

    “terrane in this study thus constitutes the third example from the Parautochthonous Belt and moreover, is the first interpretation in which the origin of these structures has been related to gravitational spreading.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Heating of the metasediments in the Gagnon terrane, due to both thermal relaxation and downward conduction from the hot Molson Lake terrane, resulted in rheological weakening that would have been especially profound in quartzofeldspathic and pelitic units in the southeast, where partial melting was widespread.

    “Heating of the metasediments in the Gagnon terrane, due to both thermal relaxation and downward conduction from the hot Molson Lake terrane, resulted in rheological weakening that would have been especially profound in quartzofeldspathic and pelitic units in the southeast, where partial melting was widespread.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The wedge adjusted its shape by cutting down into its footwall and accreting the metasediments and the tops of the basement highs to its base as it moved toward the northwest.

    “The wedge adjusted its shape by cutting down into its footwall and accreting the metasediments and the tops of the basement highs to its base as it moved toward the northwest”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    This transpression is reflected in the inclined pitch of Ls in the S1 foliation in several of the domains and the inclined metamorphic zonation of the thrust belt, both of which can be interpreted in terms of oblique convergence.

    “This transpression is reflected in the inclined pitch of L S in the S 1 foliation in several of the domains (Figure 10) and the inclined metamorphic zonation of the thrust belt (Figure 8a), both of which can be interpreted in terms of oblique convergence.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Premisecitation

    The taper of the wedge is controlled by its strength, such that when it diverges from its critical angle, the wedge deforms internally to return to a stable configuration.

    “The taper of the wedge is controlled by its strength, such that when it diverges from its critical angle, the wedge deforms internally to return to a stable configuration.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationnone given

    The Lac Joseph terrane was emplaced on top of the Molson Lake terrane by normal faulting, with SE-directed displacement inferred.

    “the emplacement of the Lac Joseph terrane on top of the Molson Lake terrane by normal faulting (the displacement direction is not well defined; SEdirected displacement is inferred).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Premisereasoning

    Different types of structure may develop during the evolution of a thrust wedge even under a constant kinematic reference frame.

    “different types of structure may develop during the evolution of a thrust wedge, even under a constant kinematic reference frame.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationnone given

    The amount of tectonic transport of the domain V control point (~50 km) compared to the domain II control point (~10 km) and most tectonic transport is inferred to have occurred in the upper thrust system.

    “Note the amount of tectonic transport of the domain V control point ($50 km) compared to the domain II control point ($10 km) and that most tectonic transport is inferred to have occurred in the upper thrust system.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Study design and conductnone given

    The geometry of the downward continuation of the sole thrust of the lower system into the subsurface in the southeast is not tightly constrained.

    “The geometry of the downward continuation of the sole thrust of this system into the subsurface in the southeast is illustrated schematically in Figure 3 and is not tightly constrained.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationcitation

    Since the northwesternmost exposed thrust, the Grenville Front, is a narrow shear zone with only minor displacement, the thrust system is not a leading imbricate fan in which the largest displacement occurs on the frontal thrust.

    “Since the northwesternmost exposed thrust, the Grenville Front, is a narrow shear zone with only minor displacement, the thrust system is not a leading imbricate fan [Boyer and Elliott, 1982] in which the largest displacement occurs on the frontal thrust.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Boyer and Elliott, 1982

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationcitation

    The Molson Lake terrane, also derived from Laurentian crust, formed outboard of the Knob Lake Group, and its present location structurally above the Gagnon terrane implies that the crustal-scale development of the Grenville Orogen took place by foreland-propagating understacking.

    “The Molson Lake terrane, also derived from Laurentian crust [Rivers et al., 2002], formed outboard of the Knob Lake Group and its present location structurally above the Gagnon terrane implies that the crustal-scale development of the Grenville Orogen took place by foreland-propagating understacking [Hynes et al., 2000].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Rivers et al., 2002 source
    • cites Hynes et al., 2000 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The switch from footwall to hanging wall of the thrust wedge marked the transition from peak pressure to decompression and shortly thereafter to cooling, compatible with basal accretion to the thrust wedge under peak pressure conditions and D2 deformation within the wedge.

    “The switch from footwall to hanging wall of the thrust wedge marked the transition from peak pressure to decompression and shortly thereafter to cooling, as shown in the schematic P-T diagrams, compatible with basal accretion to the thrust wedge under peak pressure conditions and D 2 deformation within the wedge.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The orogenic wedge developed a weak base where strain was concentrated.

    “As a result, the orogenic wedge developed a weak base where strain was concentrated.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The high-grade thrust sheets at the top of the thrust stack were accreted earlier and underwent a longer and more complex deformation history than those structurally lower down.

    “This implies that the high-grade thrust sheets at the top of the thrust stack were accreted earlier and underwent a longer and more complex deformation history than those structurally lower down”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The ~150 km width of the Gagnon terrane west of the study area suggests the existence of a former promontory on the Paleoproterozoic continental margin, which would have placed the study area on its eastern side in a sinistral transpressive setting.

    “the $150 km width of the Gagnon terrane west of the study area (Figure 1, inset) suggests the existence of a former promontory on the Paleoproterozoic continental margin, which would have placed the study area on its eastern side in a sinistral transpressive setting.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationnone given

    Prior to the initiation of the Grenvillian fold-thrust belt, the southern part of the Knob Lake Group discussed in this paper lay in the foreland of the New Québec Orogen and consisted of an essentially undeformed Paleoproterozoic shelf sequence unconformably overlying the extended Archean margin.

    “Prior to the initiation of the Grenvillian fold-thrust belt, the southern part of the Knob Lake Group discussed in this paper lay in the foreland of the New Que ´bec Orogen and consisted of an essentially undeformed Paleoproterozoic shelf sequence unconformably overlying the extended Archean margin”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Significantly larger displacements are inferred to have taken place in the upper thrust system, especially on the master thrust at the base of the Molson Lake terrane, implying the geometry of the fold-thrust belt in the Gagnon terrane displays greater similarity to a trailing imbricate fan.

    “significantly larger displacements are inferred to have taken place in the upper thrust system, and especially on the master thrust at the base of the Molson Lake terrane, the dominant thrust sheet in the orogenic wedge, implying the geometry of the fold-thrust belt in the Gagnon terrane displays greater similarity to a trailing imbricate fan.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Premisecitation

    Analogue and numerical models indicate accretionary and orogenic wedges are dynamic phenomena that continually change their shape as new material is added to them.

    “Analogue and numerical models of accretionary and orogenic wedges indicate they are dynamic phenomena that continually change their shape as new material is added to them”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Willett, 1992 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationcitation

    A topographic high in the southwest led to a change in the dip direction of the frontal slope of the wedge from NNW to ENE, inferred to cause a component of movement orthogonal to the thrust belt, possibly by gravitational spreading.

    “In Figure 16f the topographic high in the southwest leads to a change in the dip direction of the frontal slope of the wedge, from a NNW to an ENE orientation, which is inferred to cause a component of movement orthogonal to the thrust belt, possibly by gravitational spreading [Ramberg, 1981].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Ramberg, 1981 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationown data

    The fold-thrust belt in the Gagnon terrane has accommodated significant shortening, but the cross sections leave no opportunity for major displacement within it.

    “Although the fold-thrust belt in the Gagnon terrane has accommodated significant shortening, the cross sections leave no opportunity for major displacement within it.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The structurally highest thrust sheets in the Gagnon terrane were incorporated first, were the most deeply buried, the most strongly heated, and had the longest, post-thrusting, deformation history.

    “thus the structurally highest thrust sheets in the Gagnon terrane were incorporated first, were the most deeply buried, the most strongly heated, and had the longest, post-thrusting, deformation history.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    These linkages are all consistent with the general theory and dynamic evolution established for upper-crustal thrust wedges, but they took place in metamorphic rocks from a range of crustal depths and together indicate the crustal scale of the orogenic wedge as a whole.

    “These are all consistent with the general theory and dynamic evolution established for uppercrustal thrust wedges, but they took place in metamorphic rocks from a range of crustal depths and together indicate the crustal scale of the orogenic wedge as a whole.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationown data

    The whole Grenvillian orogenic process within the Parautochthonous Belt in western Labrador, including tectonic burial of the Molson Lake terrane to eclogite-facies conditions, its exhumation and emplacement onto the Knob Lake Group, the development of the dual-level metamorphic thrust belt in the Gagnon terrane, and ending with gravitational collapse and gravity-driven folding at the top of the

    “In summary, the geochronological data indicate that the whole Grenvillian orogenic process within the Parautochthonous Belt in western Labrador, including the tectonic burial of the Molson Lake terrane to eclogite-facies conditions, its exhumation and emplacement onto the Knob Lake Group, the development of the dual-level metamorphic thrust belt in the Gagnon terrane, and ending with gravitational”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationnone given

    This phenomenon (reactivation of preexisting extensional faults in transpression during basin inversion) is well known in high-level thrust belts, but to the authors' knowledge has not been reported previously in metamorphic thrust belts.

    “This phenomenon is well known in highlevel thrust belts, but to the authors' knowledge has not been reported previously in metamorphic thrust belts.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    The trace of the Grenville Front is relatively straight at the scale of the orogen, but on a local scale it exhibits lobes that project into the foreland that correlate with the locations of supracrustal rocks in the Grenville Front zone.

    “The trace of the Grenville Front is relatively straight at the scale of the orogen, but on a local scale it exhibits lobes that project into the foreland that correlate with the locations of supracrustal rocks in the Grenville Front zone [Rivers et al., 1989].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Rivers et al., 1989 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisenone given

    In the Parautochthonous Belt beneath the Allochthon Boundary Thrust, deformation and metamorphism took place at circa 1000 Ma, whereas the main metamorphism above the Allochthon Boundary Thrust took place at circa 1090-1050 Ma.

    “As noted above, this took place in the Parautochthonous Belt beneath the Allochthon Boundary Thrust at circa 1000 Ma, whereas the main metamorphism above the Allochthon Boundary Thrust took place at circa 1090-1050 Ma.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationown data

    Tectonic linkages are proposed between the lower-crustal dominant thrust sheet in the orogenic wedge, the midcrustal supracrustal sequence and part of its basement that were accreted to the base of the orogenic wedge, and the extension and cross-folding that occurred during late gravitational collapse at the top of the wedge in the upper crust.

    “In particular, tectonic linkages are proposed between: (1) the lower-crustal, dominant thrust sheet in the orogenic wedge, (2) the midcrustal supracrustal sequence and part of its basement that were accreted to the base of the orogenic wedge, and (3) the extension and cross-folding that occurred during late gravitational collapse at the top of the wedge in the upper crust.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    In the Georgian Bay area, the Grenville Front is located at the NW margin of a crustal-scale shear zone, the Grenville Front Tectonic Zone, and is the site of a large (but unquantified) displacement and a major metamorphic contrast, suggesting more similarity to the geometry of a leading imbricate fan.

    “In the latter area, the Grenville Front is located at the NWmargin of a crustal-scale shear zone, the Grenville Front Tectonic Zone, and is the site of a large (but unquantified) displacement and a major metamorphic contrast [Green et al., 1988;Jamieson et al., 1995], suggesting more similarity to the geometry of a leading imbricate fan.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Green et al., 1988

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Jamieson et al., 1995 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationnone given

    Late growth of the orogen occurs by understacking beneath the stationary ABT, with the process slowing and eventually stopping as cold competent rocks from the top of the Archean basement become accreted to the base of the thrust wedge.

    “Late growth of the orogen occurs by understacking beneath the stationary ABT, with the process slowing and eventually stopping as cold competent rocks from the top of the Archean basement become accreted to the base of the thrust wedge.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    These data imply progressively more profound Grenvillian reworking of the Archean rocks with increasing distance from the Grenville Front at circa 1 Ga, and may provide an analogue for the style of reworking in the unexposed lower thrust system in the southeast part of the map area.

    “These data, which imply progressively more profound Grenvillian reworking of the Archean rocks with increasing distance from the Grenville Front at circa 1 Ga, may provide an analogue for the style of reworking in the unexposed lower thrust system in the southeast part of the map area.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Available data indicate that HP rocks are not continuous along the southern Parautochthonous Belt; they have not been recognized in either the Georgian Bay transect or on the coast of Labrador.

    “With respect to the role of the HP metamorphic history of the Molson Lake terrane, the dominant thrust sheet in the orogenic wedge, available data indicate that the HP rocks are not continuous along the southern Parautochthonous Belt (for instance, they have not been recognized in either the Georgian Bay transect [Culshaw et al., 1997] or on the coast of Labrador [Gower and Erdmer, 1988], both”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Culshaw et al., 1997 source
    • cites Gower and Erdmer, 1988 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The trailing imbricate fan geometry of the Gagnon fold-thrust belt is based on the lack of evidence for significant tectonic transport on the lowest fault in the thrust wedge, the Grenville Front, and on evidence, in the form of significant differences in estimated peak Grenvillian P-T conditions, for much greater transport at the base of the overriding dominant thrust sheet comprising the Molson

    “This interpretation is based on the lack of evidence for significant tectonic transport on the lowest fault in the thrust wedge, the Grenville Front, and the evidence, in the form of significant differences in estimated peak Grenvillian P-T conditions, for much greater transport at the base of the overriding dominant thrust sheet comprising the Molson Lake terrane.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The deformation associated with this thrust creates first-generation structures in the lower thrust system (S1L) and second-generation structures in the upper thrust system (S2U).

    “The deformation associated with this thrust creates first-generation structures in the lower thrust system (S 1L ) and secondgeneration structures in the upper thrust system (S 2U ).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationnone given

    The fold-thrust belt is interpreted to have formed by basal accretion to the Molson Lake terrane, the hot eclogite-facies, dominant thrust sheet in the orogenic wedge, and metamorphic grade in the Gagnon terrane varies from lower greenschist facies near the Grenville Front to upper amphibolite facies at the southeast of the fold-thrust belt.

    “It is interpreted to have formed by basal accretion to the Molson Lake terrane, the hot eclogite-facies, dominant thrust sheet in the orogenic wedge, and metamorphic grade in the Gagnon terrane varies from lower greenschist facies near the Grenville Front, to upper amphibolite facies at the southeast of the fold-thrust belt.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Supracrustal sequences are not widespread in the Parautochthonous Belt as a whole, with the Knob Lake Group being by far the most extensive.

    “However, supracrustal sequences are not widespread in the Parautochthonous Belt as a whole, with the Knob Lake Group being by far the most extensive [e.g., Rivers, 1997].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Rivers, 1997 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationown data

    Microstructural evidence is compatible with the interpretation that the D1-D2 sequence took place throughout the wedge, but that it occurred earlier in the southeast, where the wedge is thicker, than in the northwest near the toe, such that D2 was occurring in the high-grade thrust sheets at high structural levels at the same time as D1 was taking place in the low-grade thrust sheets at low

    “Microstructural evidence is compatible with the interpretation that the D 1 -D 2 sequence took place throughout the wedge, but that it occurred earlier in the southeast, where the wedge is thicker, than in the northwest near the toe, such that D 2 (deformation within the wedge) was occurring in the high-grade thrust sheets at high structural levels of the thrust belt at the same time as D 1 (basal”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The role of HP metamorphism is not considered essential; the more critical factor is that a dominant thrust sheet is emplaced on a flat on top of the foreland.

    “In either case, the role of HP metamorphism is not considered essential, the more critical factor being that a dominant thrust sheet is emplaced on a flat on top of the foreland.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationcitation

    The results of this study support the model of Jamieson et al. [2004] for the Gagnon terrane and provide a geological context for the hairpin metamorphic trajectory, indicating it involved formation of a thick thrust wedge that was exhumed up a crustal-scale ramp at the orogen margin, becoming the dominant thrust sheet after emplacement onto the flat in the foreland to the northwest.

    “The results of this study support this model for the Gagnon terrane and provide a geological context for the hairpin metamorphic trajectory (Figure 8b), indicating it involved formation of a thick thrust wedge that was exhumed up a crustal-scale ramp at the orogen margin (Figure 17b), becoming the dominant thrust sheet after emplacement onto the flat in the foreland to the northwest.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    In the Réservoir Dozois terrane, the Grenvillian metamorphic overprint only becomes more pervasive about 50 km southeast of the Grenville Front in the vicinity of an extensional shear zone (the Dorval detachment), where circa 1 Ga monazite ages and both Archean and Grenvillian monazite ages in single samples have been recorded.

    “In this terrane, the Grenvillian metamorphic overprint only becomes more pervasive about 50 km southeast of the Grenville Front in the vicinity of an extensional shear zone (the Dorval detachment), where Childe et al. [1993] recorded circa 1 Ga monazite ages from gneisses that yielded Archean Sm-Nd model ages, and Martignole and Martelat [2005] recorded both Archean and Grenvillian monazite ages”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Childe et al., 1993 source
    • cites Martignole and Martelat, 2005 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Interference between the lower and upper thrust systems resulted in out-of-sequence thrusting in the upper system and the presence of large amounts of variably reworked basement in the thrust belt.

    “Interference between the lower and upper thrust systems resulted in out-ofsequence thrusting in the upper system and the presence of large amounts of variably reworked basement in the thrust belt.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Interpretationown data

    The available geochronological data suggest that the complete ductile evolution of the wedge, from formation in the lower crust, through exhumation up a crustal-scale ramp and accretion of midcrustal material to its base, to final termination in gravitational collapse at the top of the wedge, took only circa 25 My.

    “The preservation of lower crust, midcrust, and upper crust in a single area has permitted documentation of the full range of structures from the base to the top of an evolving, dynamic, ductile orogenic wedge, and the available geochronological data suggest that the complete ductile evolution of the wedge, from formation in the lower crust, through exhumation up a crustalscale ramp and accretion”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The competence of the Archean unit and the large amount of energy necessary to incorporate it into the thrust belt are indicated by these observations.

    “These observations point to the competence of this unit and therefore the large amount of energy necessary to incorporate it into the thrust belt.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Premisecitation

    The study area is located in the Parautochthonous Belt of the Grenville Province.

    “Inset maps show the location of the study area in the Parautochthonous Belt of the Grenville Province.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites van Gool, 1992

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Rivers et al., 1993

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationown data

    Important differences between the metamorphic fold-thrust belt and nonmetamorphic fold-thrust belts include formation as part of an orogenic wedge of crustal scale, development by basal accretion to an overriding orogenic wedge, extensive basement involvement, sequential development on two levels, out-of-sequence reimbrication of the upper thrust system during formation of the lower thrust system,

    “Overall, the metamorphic fold-thrust belt shows gross geometric and kinematic similarities to nonmetamorphic fold-thrust belts that developed in the upper crust by frontal accretion, but important differences include (1) formation as part of an orogenic wedge of crustal scale, (2) development by basal accretion to an overriding orogenic wedge, (3) extensive basement involvement, (4) sequential”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The supracrustal sequence acted initially as a glide horizon and subsequently as a weak base for the orogenic wedge, focusing deformation in the upper thrust sequence by thin-skinned imbrication.

    “In particular, it acted initially as a glide horizon and subsequently as a weak base for the orogenic wedge, focusing deformation in the upper thrust sequence by thin-skinned imbrication.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The local orientation of the Grenville Front near Chibougamau trends NNW owing to a small promontory in the foreland, suggesting that as in the study area, the late minor sinistral transpression is due to slight obliquity between the foreland and the thrust front rather than to strike-slip displacements of continental scale.

    “The local orientation of the Grenville Front near Chibougamau trends NNW owing to a small promontory in the foreland, suggesting that as in the study area, the late minor sinistral transpression is due to slight obliquity between the foreland and the thrust front rather than to strike-slip displacements of continental scale.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    In the Réservoir Dozois terrane, several lithologies including quartzofeldspathic schist and gneiss, granulite, and pegmatite have all yielded Archean U-Pb zircon and monazite ages up to 35 km southeast of the Grenville Front, with only apatite and poorly defined zircon and monazite lower intercepts recording the Grenvillian overprint at circa 1 Ga.

    “In the Re ´servoir Dozois terrane, several lithologies including quartzofeldspathic schist and gneiss, granulite, and pegmatite have all yielded Archean U-Pb zircon and monazite ages up to 35 km southeast of the Grenville Front, with only apatite and poorly defined zircon and monazite lower intercepts recording the Grenvillian overprint at circa 1 Ga [Garie ´py et al., 1990;Philippe et al., 1990].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Gariépy et al., 1990

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Philippe et al., 1990

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

    Premisecitation

    In numerical models with focused erosion at the orogen margin, an orogenic plateau develops in the hinterland owing to widespread partial melting in the midcrust and lower crust after about 30 My of collision.

    “In numerical models with focused erosion at the orogen margin, an orogenic plateau develops in the hinterland owing to widespread partial melting in the midcrust and lower crust after about 30 My of collision.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Beaumont et al., 2004 source

      Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.

    • cites Jamieson et al., 2004 source

      Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationnone given

    Prior to the Grenvillian Orogeny, there was an extended Archean basement with inactive Paleoproterozoic normal faults and Knob Lake Group.

    “(a) The extended Archean basement with inactive Paleoproterozoic normal faults and Knob Lake Group prior to the Grenvillian Orogeny.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The HP belt is composed of two back-to-back components, one at the structural top of the Parautochthonous Belt in which HP metamorphism took place at circa 1005 Ma and one at the structural base of the Allochthonous Belt in which HP metamorphism took place at circa 1050 Ma, with the two belts separated by the Allochthon Boundary Thrust.

    “Thus, considering the results of the study by Martignole and Martelat [2005] together with this study, it appears that the HP belt is composed of two back-to-back components, one at the structural top of the Parautochthonous Belt in which HP metamorphism took place at circa 1005 Ma and one at the structural base of the Allochthonous Belt in which HP metamorphism took place at circa 1050 Ma, with”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Martignole and Martelat, 2005 source

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Premisecitation

    Continued convergence leads to flow of the partially molten crust in a midcrustal channel owing to gravitational or tectonic forcing, eventually resulting in its expulsion at the erosion front.

    “Continued convergence leads to flow of the partially molten crust in a midcrustal channel owing to gravitational or tectonic forcing, eventually resulting in its expulsion at the erosion front (Figure 17a).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • It may state two separate claims as one.

    Interpretationnone given

    A thrust from the lower system breaches its roof and causes out-of-sequence thrusting in the previously imbricated upper system with its thrust-related fabric (S1U).

    “A thrust from the lower system breaches its roof and causes out-of-sequence thrusting in the previously imbricated upper system with its thrust-related fabric (S 1U ).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
168 of 168

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    In foreland-propagating thrust systems, the amount of basement in a thrust belt decreases from the hinterland toward the foreland as the sole thrust cuts upsection in the stratigraphy.

    “In general, in foreland-propagating thrust systems, the amount of basement in a thrust belt decreases from the hinterland toward the foreland as the sole thrust cuts upsection in the stratigraphy.”

  • The authors state this as an assumption.

    Garnet was in equilibrium with distal matrix minerals during peak metamorphic conditions, and the proportion of matrix minerals to garnet was large enough that the matrix minerals could be considered infinite reservoirs.

    “Garnet was assumed to be in equilibrium with distal matrix minerals during peak metamorphic conditions, and all determinations were made in samples in which the proportion of matrix minerals to garnet was large so the former could be considered as infinite reservoirs.”

  • The authors state this as an assumption.

    Intraformational S1 thrust faults that form ramps and repeat the local stratigraphy are common in domain II.

    “Intraformational S 1 thrust faults that form ramps and repeat the local stratigraphy were recognized in several places (Figures 11d and 11j) and are assumed to be common.”

  • The authors state this as an assumption.

    The thrust faults in the lower thrust system join in a shallowly SE-dipping detachment that was originally part of the system of Paleoproterozoic listric extensional faults.

    “it is assumed that the thrust faults join in a shallowly SE-dipping detachment that was originally part of the system of Paleoproterozoic listric extensional faults.”

  • The authors state this as an assumption.

    The front of the thrust wedge was orthogonal to the NNW movement direction as it overrode the sediments of the Knob Lake Group.

    “Assuming the front of the thrust wedge was orthogonal to the NNW movement direction (Figure 16a) as it overrode the sediments of the Knob Lake Group”

  • The authors state this as an assumption.

    Grenvillian metamorphism in the Gagnon terrane took place between circa 1005 and 980 Ma.

    “Grenvillian metamorphism in the Gagnon terrane is assumed to have taken place between circa 1005 and 980 Ma based on several U-Pb monazite ages of circa 1005 Ma in the study area [Cox and Rivers, 2008], and on data from elsewhere in the terrane, including a zircon age of 995 ± 2 Ma for a foliated, cross-cutting, late-tectonic pegmatite about 50 km southwest of the field area [Schwarz, 1998], and”

  • The authors state this as an assumption.

    The top of the Sokoman Formation is a horizontal datum.

    “Restorations are drawn assuming that the top of the Sokoman Formation is a horizontal datum.”

  • The authors state this as an assumption.

    Garnet was in equilibrium with distal matrix minerals during peak metamorphic conditions.

    “Garnet was assumed to be in equilibrium with distal matrix minerals during peak metamorphic conditions”

  • The authors state this as an assumption.

    The proportion of matrix minerals to garnet was large enough that matrix minerals could be considered infinite reservoirs.

    “and all determinations were made in samples in which the proportion of matrix minerals to garnet was large so the former could be considered as infinite reservoirs.”
9 of 9

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

2 of the 84 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 18

  1. Beaumont C., 2006, Channel Flow, Ductile Extrusion and Exhumation in Continental Collision Zones, 91
  2. Boyer S. E., 1982, Thrust systems, Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 66, 1196
  3. Connelly J. N. J.van Gool T.Rivers andD. T.James(1996) Field Guide to the Geology of the Grenville Province of Western Labrador Pre‐conference field excursion
  4. Proterozoic Evolution in the North Atlantic Realm COPENA‐ECSOOT‐IBTA Conference Goose Bay Labrador July 29‐August 2 1996 Field Excursion Guide 1 86 pp. Memorial University of Newfoundland Univ. of Newfoundland St. John's Canada.
  5. Cox R. A., 2008, Reconnaissance laser ablation (LA)‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb zircon and monazite geochronology in reworked Archean basement and Paleoproterozoic supracrustal rocks, Gagnon terrane, Grenville Province of Québec and Labrador, Precambrian Res.
  6. Fahrig W., 1967, Shabogamo Lake map area, Newfoundland‐Labrador and Quebec, 23G (east half), Mem. Geol. Surv. Can., 354
  7. Gower C. F., 1996, PrecambrianCrustal Evolution in the North Atlantic Region, 197
  8. Gower C. F., 1990, Mid‐Proterozoic Laurentia‐Baltica, 385
  9. Kretz R., 1983, Symbols for rock‐forming minerals, Am. Mineral., 68, 277
  10. Milnes A. G., 1997, Orogeny Through Time, 123
  11. Owen J. V., 1986, The Grenville Province, 95
  12. Philippe S. C.Gariépy R.Doig andF.Childe(1990) U‐Pb geochronology of late Archean monazites south of the Grenville Front western Québec (abstract) paper presented atLithoprobe Workshop Abitibi‐Grenville Transect Lithoprobe Secr. Vancouver Canada.
  13. Price R. A., 1970, Structure of the Southern Canadian Cordillera, 7
  14. Ramberg H., 1981, Thrust and Nappe Tectonics, 125
  15. Rivers T., 1986, The Grenville Province, 31
  16. Rivers T., 2008, Variations inTectonic Styles Revisited: A Lithoprobe Perspective
  17. Wardle R. J., 1981, Proterozoic Basins of Canada, 331
  18. Wynne‐Edwards H. R., 1972, Variations in Tectonic Styles in Canada, 263

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Related

Metadata

Authors
van Gool, J. A. M., Rivers, T., & Calon, T.
Affiliations
  • Department of Earth Sciences Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's, Newfoundland Canada
  • Memorial University of Newfoundland (CA)
ORCID
Rivers, T.
Venue
Tectonics
Publisher
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Published
2008-01-15
Volume
27
Issue
1
ISSN
  • 0278-7407 (ISSN-L)
  • 1944-9194
DOI
10.1029/2006tc002095
OpenAlex
W1630281915
Cited by
35
References
84
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
FWCI
1.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
Tectonics (publishedVersion)
Funders
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geology › Geological Studies and Exploration
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › Geological and Geophysical Studies Worldwide
Keywords
foreland fold-thrust belt, Grenville orogeny, orogenic wedge, sinistral transpression, gravitational collapse, amphibolite facies metamorphism, greenschist facies metamorphism, thin-skinned thrusting, normal faulting

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-11-10, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).

A second model labelled each claim on 2026-11-10 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

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