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Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry
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“Collectively, these skills enable students to regulate their bidirectional relations with their contexts by processing, manipulating, and refining information; organize and recognize patterns in information; evaluate their thinking and learning strategies; intentionally transfer knowledge to new situations; and apply knowledge to solve increasingly complex problems (e.g., Flavell, 1979;Lai, 2011).”
From Malleability, plasticity, and individuality: How children learn and develop in context1 (2019) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“metacognitive feedback which prompts learners to reflect, track their progress, and develop self-regulated learning (SRL) skills.”
From Directive, metacognitive, or a blend of both? A comparison of AI-generated feedback types on student engagement, confidence, and outcomes (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“This level of metacognitive engagement ' thinking about one's own thinking' is a hallmark of high-impact learning experiences (Flavell, 1979).”
From Co-creating custom GPTs: an autoethnographic study of undergraduate students as partners in generative AI innovation (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Metacognition-cognition about cognition-encompasses the knowledge, monitoring, and regulation of one's own cognitive processes (Flavell, 1979).”
From The Metacognitive Paradox of AI-Assisted Creativity: A Theoretical Extension (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Hence, metacognition can be divided into two components, knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition (Flavell, 1979; Schraw, 1998; Schraw & Moshman, 1995; Schraw & Sperling Dennison, 1994).”
From University students' Motivated Attention and use of regulation strategies on social media (2015) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Metacognitive knowledge and experiences are interrelated [64].”
From The Metacognitive Demands and Opportunities of Generative AI (2024) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“A fifth potential barrier to insight is metacognition, or the processes which allow persons to be aware of and form integrated and complex ideas about the self and others.”
From Insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: relationship with behavior, mood and perceived quality of life, underlying causes and emerging treatments (2018) · cites this paper as [143]
Citations
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Brown, A. L. (1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,469
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Self-citationRealizing That You Don't Understand: A Preliminary Investigation
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Self-citationBrown, A. L., Campione, J. C., & Barclay, C. R. (1979) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1979.tb04135.x · Cited by 185
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Evaluation of the development of metacognitive knowledge supported by the knowcat system
Pifarré, M., & Cobos, R. (2009) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/s11423-009-9118-9 · Cited by 18
“Educational researchers agree that metacognitive knowledge includes knowledge of strategy, task and person variables and interactions among these three variables (e.g. Flavell, 1992; Pintrich, Wolters, & Baxter, 2000; Weinstein & Mayer, 1986).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMetamemory and metalinguistic development: Correlates of children’s intelligence and achievement
Borkowski, J. G., Ryan, E. B., Kurtz‐Costes, B., et al. (1983) · Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society · doi:10.3758/bf03329990 · Cited by 18
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The Use of Metacognitive Knowledge in Essay Writing among High School Students
Surat, S., Rahman, S., Mahamod, Z., et al. (2014) · International Education Studies · doi:10.5539/ies.v7n13p212 · Cited by 18
“Flavell (1976, 1978, 1979) described metacognitive knowledge as consisting of knowledge or one’s belief in basic knowledge about the factors that influence cognitive process.”
BackgroundIn what level and how medical students use metacognition? A case from Hacettepe University
Turan, S., & Demirel, Ö. (2010) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.132 · Cited by 20
n -Culturals, the next cross-cultural challenge
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The Impact of Perceived Knowledge of Dementia on Caregiver Burden
Schindler, M., Engel, S., & Rupprecht, R. (2012) · GeroPsych · doi:10.1024/1662-9647/a000062 · Cited by 19
“, Flavell, 1979; Shimamura, 2000). Previous research in recent decades has focused on the interest in developmental psychology and cognitive psychology. Recently, the social domain of metacognition has come to the attention of psychologists (Jaccard, Dodge, & Guilamo-Ramos, 2005). People have perceptions of their AK i…”
BackgroundSaçkes, M., & Trundle, K. C. (2016) · Research in Science Education · doi:10.1007/s11165-016-9522-1 · Cited by 19
Ellis, A. K., Bond, J., & Denton, D. W. (2012) · doi:10.6228/apjed.01.01.02 · Cited by 18
“Assessment integration Divergent questioning Self-assessment Analyzing past performance Guilford (2007) Brown and Clift (2010)”
MethodSelf-Other Agreement in the Assessment of Mindfulness Using the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire
May, L. M., & Reinhardt, K. M. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0749-3 · Cited by 20
Chiaro, S. D., & Aquino, K. A. D. S. (2017) · Educação e Pesquisa · doi:10.1590/s1517-9702201704158018 · Cited by 18
YELGEÇ, N., & Dağyar, M. (2020) · International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research · doi:10.33200/ijcer.657172 · Cited by 18
“The term metacognition, used for the first time by Flavell, is defined as one’s knowledge of his or her own cognitive process (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundMethodTeaching Reading from A Metacognitive Perspective: Theory and Classroom Experiences
Gourgey, A. F. (1999) · Journal of College Reading and Learning · doi:10.1080/10790195.1999.10850087 · Cited by 18
Different research programs on metacognition: Are the boundaries imaginary?
Reder, L. M. (1996) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s1041-6080(96)90024-2 · Cited by 18
Children's numerical skill and judgments of confidence in estimation
Newman, R. S. (1984) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-0965(84)90061-4 · Cited by 18
Romero, R. F., Pacheco, M. C. T., Rodríguez, Í. A., et al. (2005) · Forma y Función · Cited by 18
Examining the Discourse of Learner Advisory Sessions.
Crabbe, D., Hoffmann, A., & Cotterall, S. (1999) · Cited by 18
Children's reports of the sources of self‐knowledge
Schoeneman, T. J., Tabor, L., & Nash, D. L. (1984) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1984.tb00348.x · Cited by 18
Learning Logo: The social context of cognition
Emihovich, C. A., & Miller, G. E. (1988) · Journal of Curriculum Studies · doi:10.1080/0022027880200105 · Cited by 18
Programming generalisation: a central problem area in educational psychology
Ward, J., & Gow, L. (1982) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/0144341820020306 · Cited by 18
Integrating Instructional Science, Learning Theory, and Technology
Spector, J. M. (1994) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-78389-0_13 · Cited by 18
Integrating and Humanizing the Process of Automating Instructional Design
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Stress training and the new military environment
Gaillard, A. W. K., Soeters, J. M. M. L., & Delahaij, R. (2006) · Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) · Cited by 18
Assessment in Schools – Learning to Learn
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Funcionamiento metacognitivo en niños con altas capacidades
Riba, S. S. I. (2011) · Revista de Neurología · doi:10.33588/rn.52s01.2011021 · Cited by 18
Ng, R. (2013) · The Encyclopedia of Cross‐Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1002/9781118339893.wbeccp130 · Cited by 18
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Miegel, F., Demiralay, C., Moritz, S., Wirtz, J., Hottenrott, B., & Jelinek, L. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02648-3 · Cited by 18
“A treatment approach that builds upon the metacognitive model [10] and focuses on dysfunctional (1)Metacognition is defined as thinking about thinking or as cognition about cognitive processes [14].”
BackgroundGarbayo, L., Harris, D., Fiore, S. M., Robinson, M., & Kibble, J. D. (2022) · AJP Advances in Physiology Education · doi:10.1152/advan.00156.2021 · Cited by 17
Development and validation of Mathematical Higher‐Order Thinking Scale for high school students
Zhou, Y., Ning, Y., Chen, J., Zhang, W., & Wijaya, T. T. (2024) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.23213 · Cited by 25
Xu, W., & Zhu, X. (2024) · Metacognition and Learning · doi:10.1007/s11409-024-09387-w · Cited by 24
“He proposed three components that subsumed the metacognition construct: metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive experiences, and metacognitive strategies (Flavell, 1979), which allow students to observe and control their thoughts, behaviors, and emotions to enhance learning.”
Try to esCAPE from Cybersecurity Incidents! A Technology-Enhanced Educational Approach
Pirta-Dreimane, R., Brilingaitė, A., Roponena, E., Parish, K., Grabis, J., Lugo, R. G., & Bonders, M. (2024) · Technology Knowledge and Learning · doi:10.1007/s10758-024-09769-8 · Cited by 24
“It is made up of three elements: self-awareness, situational awareness, and behavioral control techniques (Flavell, 1979).”
Wang, X.-M., Huang, X.-T., & Zhou, W.-Q. (2024) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2024.101658 · Cited by 34
Ohlert, S., Laibach, N., Harms, R., & Bröring, S. (2024) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114993 · Cited by 22
Young learners’ motivation, self-regulation and performance in personalized learning
Ackermans, K., Bakker, M., van Loon, A., Kral, M., & Camp, G. (2024) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2024.105208 · Cited by 40
Meessen, J., Sütterlin, S., Gauggel, S., & Forkmann, T. (2018) · Cognitive Processing · doi:10.1007/s10339-018-0865-6 · Cited by 14
Ullah, A. S. (2019) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci9030228 · Cited by 17
“Metacognition (thinking about thinking) is a higher-order human cognition that allows individuals to monitor and redirect their thinking processes as needed [14,15].”
BackgroundExpert teacher perceptions of two-way feedback interaction
Tan, F., Whipp, P. R., Gagné, M., & Quaquebeke, N. V. (2019) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2019.102930 · Cited by 26
Analysis of metacognitive capability and student learning achievement through edmodo social network
Baharun, H., Muali, C., Minarti, S., et al. (2019) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1175/1/012150 · Cited by 17
“In fact, increasing learning outcomes depending on the ability and cognitive skills of a person, due to the low capacity and metacognitive skills of a person, then the lower the control capability of memory and cognition[6].”
BackgroundParadigmas de evaluación: del tradicional al socioformativo
de Coahuila, E. N. S. D. E., Ramírez, M. D. L. L. B., Hernández, L. G. J., et al. (2020) · Diálogos sobre educación · doi:10.32870/dse.v0i21.646 · Cited by 17
Presenting the Meta-Performance Test, a Metacognitive Battery based on Performance
Castillo-Díaz, M. A., & Gomes, C. M. A. (2021) · International Journal of Educational Methodology · doi:10.12973/ijem.7.2.289 · Cited by 17
“The metacognitive knowledge about cognition (also called knowledge about cognition) refers to the individual’s knowledge or beliefs about the variables that interact and can affect the course and results of cognitive tasks (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundGame-Design Teaching and Learning
Gee, J. P., & Price, A. (2021) · Strategies · doi:10.1080/08924562.2021.1896928 · Cited by 17
Aydın, O., Balıkçı, K., Sönmez, İ., Ünal‐Aydın, P., & Spada, M. M. (2021) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2645 · Cited by 19
Translation Competence Revisited: Toward a Pedagogical Model of Translation Competence
Yang, Z., & Li, D. (2021) · New frontiers in translation studies · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-2070-6_6 · Cited by 17
Erduran, S., Ioannidou, O., & Baird, J. (2021) · International Journal of Science Education · doi:10.1080/09500693.2021.1998717 · Cited by 20
“Metacognitive knowledge was originally defined as knowledge about variables related to a person, task and/or strategy that are believed to affect cognition (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundSu, J., Jia, W., & Wan, X. (2021) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1283-21.2021 · Cited by 16
Assessment of Oral Skills in Adolescents
Gràcia, M., Alvarado, J. M., & Nieva, S. (2021) · Children · doi:10.3390/children8121136 · Cited by 25
“Flavell linked metacognition and metacomprehension with different dimensions of spoken and written communication comprehension and expression, as well as to executive functions, including self-regulation [59].”
BackgroundMassa, N., Bisconti, P., & Nardi, D. (2022) · International Journal of Social Robotics · doi:10.1007/s12369-021-00846-x · Cited by 18
“Therefore, the Sexual Robot can degrade the ability to exercise a higher capacity for self-monitoring, mediated by meta-cognitive processes [60, 61], namely “any knowledge or cognitive activity that takes as its object, or regulates, any aspect of any cognitive enterprise” [62].”
Castillo-Díaz, M. A., & Gomes, C. M. A. (2022) · Trends in Psychology · doi:10.1007/s43076-022-00160-z · Cited by 19
“Metacognition is traditionally defined as the capacity to know, monitor, and self-regulate our own cognitive processes (Cromley & Kunze, 2020; Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundImagining imagination: towards cognitive and metacognitive models
Burns, H. (2022) · Pedagogy Culture and Society · doi:10.1080/14681366.2022.2059547 · Cited by 17
“Flavell produced a framework including metacognitive knowledge, experiences, goals and actions (1979, 906).”
BackgroundInfluentialFostering Scientific Creativity in the Classroom: The Concept of Flex-Based Learning
Haim, K., & Aschauer, W. (2022) · International Journal of Learning Teaching and Educational Research · doi:10.26803/ijlter.21.3.11 · Cited by 25
“The conceptualization of metacognition comprises several components such as cognitive knowledge and cognitive regulation (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundMethodSocratous, C., & Ioannou, A. (2022) · TechTrends · doi:10.1007/s11528-022-00738-5 · Cited by 20
“As such, collaborative problem-solving requires the use of metacognition (Dierdorff & Ellington, 2012; Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundLearning strategies through digital games in a university context
Pimentel, F. S. C., Marques, M., & Sales, V. B. (2022) · Comunicar · doi:10.3916/c73-2022-07 · Cited by 17
“For example, according to Flavell (1979), metacognitive knowledge “is one’s stored knowledge or beliefs about oneself and others as cognitive agents, about tasks, about actions or strategies, and about how all these interact to affect the outcomes of any sort of intellectual enterprise” (Flavell, 1979: 906).”
BackgroundInfluentialKnowledge tracing for adaptive learning in a metacognitive tutor
Carlon, M. K. J., & Cross, J. S. (2022) · Open Education Studies · doi:10.1515/edu-2022-0013 · Cited by 20
Commodari, E., Rosa, V. L. L., Sagone, E., & Indiana, M. L. (2022) · European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education · doi:10.3390/ejihpe12080074 · Cited by 18
“Metacognition was extensively studied in cognitive psychology and defined by Flavell [52] as “knowledge and cognition about cognitive phenomena and monitoring of one’s memory, comprehension, and other cognitive processes” (p. 906).”
BackgroundSoto, C., Gutierrez, A. P., Luna, V. R., Rodríguez, M. F., Palma, D., & Gutiérrez, F. (2022) · Metacognition and Learning · doi:10.1007/s11409-022-09317-8 · Cited by 27
“Metacognition is the knowledge and cognition about cognitive phenomena (Flavell, 1978, 1979).”
BackgroundLove, S., Truelove, V., Rowland, B., & Kannis‐Dymand, L. (2022) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.4015 · Cited by 21
Giannouli, V., & Tsolaki, M. (2023) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics13040680 · Cited by 17
“, mathematical), along with theories and relevant beliefs about cognition and thinking [1].”
BackgroundGoal choice in preschoolers is influenced by context, cognitive flexibility, and metacognition
LeClercq, M., Gimenes, G., Maintenant, C., & Clerc, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1063566 · Cited by 16
“Metacognition refers to knowledge, monitoring and control of one’s cognitive processes to reach a goal (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundTerneusen, A., Quaedflieg, C. W. E. M., Heugten, C. M. V., Ponds, R., & Winkens, I. (2023) · Metacognition and Learning · doi:10.1007/s11409-023-09350-1 · Cited by 28
Confidence as a metacognitive contributor to and consequence of misinformation experiences
Rapp, D. N., & Withall, M. M. (2024) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101735 · Cited by 17
Sijmkens, E., Cock, M. D., & Laet, T. D. (2023) · Metacognition and Learning · doi:10.1007/s11409-023-09363-w · Cited by 17
Vo, K., Sarkar, M., White, P. J., & Yuriev, E. (2025) · Journal of Chemical Education · doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.4c01327 · Cited by 17
When metacognitive prompts help information search in collaborative setting
Gagnière, L., Bétrancourt, M., & Détienne, F. (2012) · European Review of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.erap.2011.12.005 · Cited by 18
“The focus is here on metacognitive experiences, occurring during a cognitive activity (Flavell, 1979), such as a learning task.”
BackgroundUsing Explicit Strategy Instruction to Improve Reading Comprehension
Ballou, A. K. (2012) · Fisher Digital Publications (St. John Fisher College) · Cited by 17
Effects of Regulatory Self-Questioning on Secondary-Level Students' Problem-Solving Performance.
Pate, M. L., & Miller, G. (2011) · Journal of Agricultural Education · doi:10.5032/jae.2011.01072 · Cited by 20
“Metacognitive knowledge “can lead you to select, evaluate, revise, and abandon cognitive tasks, goals, and strategies in light of their relationships with one another and with your own abilities and interests with respect to that enterprise” (Flavell, 1979, p. 908).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe effects of persuasive and expository text on metacognitive monitoring and control
Dinsmore, D. L., Loughlin, S. M., Parkinson, M. M., & Alexander, P. A. (2015) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2015.01.009 · Cited by 17
Making Students’ Thinking Visible During Active Learning
Medina, M. S. (2017) · American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education · doi:10.5688/ajpe81341 · Cited by 23
“Thismetacognitive aspect of active learning asks students to intentionally monitor and evaluate their thinking and current level of mastery and understanding.(13,14) Making students’ metacognition visible during active learning is helpful since students can be weak in this area.”
BackgroundBeyond the Technical: Developing Lifelong Learning and Metacognition for the Engineering Workplace
Marra, R. M., Kim, S. M., Plumb, C., Hacker, D. J., & Bossaller, S. (2018) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--27659 · Cited by 17
“Metacognition, defined as “knowledge and cognition about cognitive phenomena” (Flavell, 1979, p. 906), is a higher-order thinking skill and provides the key to developing lifelong learning skills necessary for ABET and for an effective work career.”
BackgroundInfluentialÖzkubat, U., & Özmen, E. R. (2017) · Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi · doi:10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.299494 · Cited by 18
“The research studies carried out on metacognition area have increased rapidly since Flavell (1979) came up with the term of metacognition.”
BackgroundMeasuring Metacognitive Modelling Competencies
Vorhölter, K. (2017) · International perspectives on the teaching and learning of mathematical modelling · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-62968-1_15 · Cited by 17
It’s All Relative: A Team-Based Social Comparison Model for Self-Evaluations of Effectiveness
Margolis, J. A., & Dust, S. B. (2016) · Group & Organization Management · doi:10.1177/1059601116682901 · Cited by 17
The effect of degrees of bilingualism on metacognitive linguistic skills
Abu‐Rabia, S. (2018) · International Journal of Bilingualism · doi:10.1177/1367006918781060 · Cited by 21
Coaching Games: Comparisons and Contrasts
Price, A., Collins, D. J., Stoszkowski, J., & Pill, S. (2019) · International Sport Coaching Journal · doi:10.1123/iscj.2018-0015 · Cited by 18
Teaching Children With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder to Use Metacognitive Strategies
Makela, M. L., Pei, J. R., Kerns, K. A., MacSween, J., Kapasi, A., & Rasmussen, C. (2019) · The Journal of Special Education · doi:10.1177/0022466919832371 · Cited by 17
Şakiroğlu, M., Gülada, G., Ugurcan, S., Kara, N., & Gandur, T. (2017) · International Journal of Psycho-Educational Sciences · Cited by 16
Geurten, M., Salmon, É., & Bastin, C. (2019) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2019.1675142 · Cited by 17
Christensen, B. T., Ball, L. J., & Reber, R. (2019) · Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/20445911.2019.1689986 · Cited by 19
“…reflects not only the content of our thoughts but also the metacognitive experience of processing these thoughts (on metacognitive feelings, see Flavell, 1979; Schwarz & © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group CONTACT Bo T. Christensen bc.marktg@cbs.dk Clore, 2007),…”
BackgroundTripp, B., & Shortlidge, E. E. (2020) · CBE—Life Sciences Education · doi:10.1187/cbe.20-02-0035 · Cited by 17
Pozas, M., Löffler, P., Schnotz, W., & Kauertz, A. (2020) · Open Education Studies · doi:10.1515/edu-2020-0118 · Cited by 28
“Flavell (1979) distinguished between three different facets of metacognition: metacognitive skills (activities such as planning, monitoring, and evaluation to control and regulate cognitive processes), metacognitive knowledge (e.g. knowledge of how to use information or specific strategies for a…”
BackgroundTraining Inhibition and Social Cognition in the Classrooms
Honoré, N., Houssa, M., Volckaert, A., Noël, M., & Nader‐Grosbois, N. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01974 · Cited by 22
“Flavell (1979) already reported that young children have limited knowledge of their own functioning, therefore weak metacognitive capacities.”
BackgroundBayrak, F. (2021) · Technology Knowledge and Learning · doi:10.1007/s10758-021-09511-8 · Cited by 19
OrgBox: Supporting Cognitive and Metacognitive Activities During Exploratory Search
Ward, A. R., & Capra, R. (2021) · International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) · doi:10.1145/3404835.3462790 · Cited by 17
“referred to as “thinking about thinking” [17] and includes activities such as planning, monitoring, evaluation, and reflection.”
BackgroundDeveloping Eighth-Grade Students’ Computational Thinking with Critical Reflection
He, Z., Wu, X., Wang, Q., & Huang, C. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su132011192 · Cited by 19
“Researchers believe that metacognition refers to thinking about one’s own thinking, which is a crucial component in controlling and regulating one’s thinking, especially problem-solving [20,24,36].”
BackgroundZheng, L., Niu, J., Zhong, L., & Gyasi, J. F. (2021) · Innovations in Education and Teaching International · doi:10.1080/14703297.2021.1988678 · Cited by 17
Heaysman, O., & Kramarski, B. (2022) · Instructional Science · doi:10.1007/s11251-022-09598-1 · Cited by 23
“It is the key component of SRL and refers to goal setting, managing, and monitoring one’s actions and decision-making in strategic choices (Flavell, 1979; Schraw & Dennison, 1994; Zimmerman, 2000).”
BackgroundEXPLORING META-KNOWLEDGE FOR KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS: A DELPHI STUDY
Nevo, D., Benbasat, I., & Wand, Y. (2003) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · Cited by 17
Pintrich, P. R., & Blazevski, J. (2004) · International review of research in mental retardation · doi:10.1016/s0074-7750(04)28002-8 · Cited by 18
Training for Collaborative Problem Solving
Wiltshire, T. J., Rosch, K., Fiorella, L., & Fiore, S. M. (2014) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/1541931214581241 · Cited by 20
“Metacognitive ability has been shown to be beneficial in communication (see Flavell, 1979), complex problem solving, and the development of expertise during task training (Fiore, Cuevas, Scielzo & Salas, 2002).”
BackgroundPredictions of verbal episodic memory in persons with Alzheimer's disease
Schmitter‐Edgecombe, M., & Seelye, A. M. (2010) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2010.507184 · Cited by 17
“When individuals can anticipate many aspects of the memory test, preexperience predictions are thought to reflect an individual's memory ability beliefs ( Moulin et al, 2000b ) combined with some kind of appraisal of the demands of the memory task ( Flavell, 1979 ).”
BackgroundSpadaccini, J., & Esteves, J. E. (2014) · International journal of osteopathic medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ijosm.2014.04.004 · Cited by 17
Identifying and Examining Epistemic Beliefs among College Students in Hong Kong
Lee, W. W. S., & Chan, C. K. K. (2014) · The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher · doi:10.1007/s40299-014-0206-1 · Cited by 18
Children’s Judgments and Feelings about Their Own Drawings
Bonoti, F., & Metallidou, P. (2010) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2010.15042 · Cited by 22
“In this tradition subjective experience has been studied through metacognitive experiences (Efklides, 2001, 2006; Efklides & Vauras, 1999; Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundAn Exploration of Metacognition in Asynchronous Student-Led Discussions: A Qualitative Inquiry
Snyder, M. M., & Dringus, L. P. (2014) · Online Learning · doi:10.24059/olj.v18i2.418 · Cited by 17
“The study of metacognition gained popularity in the late seventies and early eighties as a promising area of inquiry to help develop methods of teaching children and adults to “comprehend and learn better in formal educational settings” (Flavell, 1979, p. 910). Metacognition is generally defined as how we monitor and…”
BackgroundInfluentialMcNicol, K., & Adrian Wells, A. (2012) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1521/ijct.2012.5.3.330 · Cited by 17
Peters‐Burton, E. E., & Kitsantas, A. (2007) · Cited by 17
Strategy Adaptiyity and Individual Differences
Schunn, C. D., & Reder, L. M. (1998) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(08)60185-1 · Cited by 18
Delozier, S., & Davalos, D. B. (2015) · American Journal of Alzheimer s Disease & Other Dementias® · doi:10.1177/1533317515618899 · Cited by 18
Facilitating vocabulary learning through metacognitive strategy training and learning journals
Becerra, C. L. T., Ayure, C. P. Á., Ordoñez, M. N. Z., & Bohórquez, G. M. (2015) · Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal · doi:10.14483/udistrital.jour.calj.2015.2.a05 · Cited by 19
“Flavell (1979) defines metacognition as a blend of knowledge and regulation.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Flavell, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Flavell, John H.
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 1979-10
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 906-911
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W2093950336
- Cited by
- 11,282
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1118 · 2025: 902 · 2024: 768 · 2023: 751 · 2022: 680 · 2021: 687 · 2020: 666 · 2019: 603 · 2018: 518 · 2017: 449 · 2016: 415 · 2015: 410 · 2014: 451 · 2013: 363 · 2012: 336
- FWCI
- 19.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- metacognition, cognitive monitoring, cognitive development, self-monitoring, metacognitive awareness
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