Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders in the first 3 years of life

Landa, Rebecca J

doi:10.1038/ncpneuro0731

Cited by 273Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchChild Nutrition and Feeding IssuesChild and Animal Learning Development

Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders in the first 3 years of life

Landa, Rebecca J·2008·Nature Clinical Practice Neurology

DOI 10.1038/ncpneuro0731

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Abstract

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a class of neurodevelopmental disorders defined by qualitative impairments in social functioning and communication, often accompanied by repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior and interests. The term 'ASD' encompasses autism, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, and Asperger's syndrome. ASDs show etiologic heterogeneity, and there is no definitive medical test or cure for these conditions. Around 1 in 150 children have an ASD, with males being affected three to four times more frequently than females. The age at diagnosis of ASD ranges from 3 to 6 years, but there is increasing evidence that diagnosis in the second year of life is possible in some children. Early diagnosis will lead to earlier behavior-based intervention, which is associated with improvements in core areas, such as social functioning and communication. Early detection of-and intervention to treat-ASD is crucial because it is likely to lead to an improved outcome.

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The concordance rate for siblings of individuals with autism of unknown cause ranges from 5 to 10% and approaches 35% in families with two or more affected children.
“The concordance rate for siblings of individuals with autism of unknown cause ranges from 5 to 10% and approaches 35% in families with two or more affected children (22–25).”
From Geneâ€‰Ã—â€‰Environment Interactions in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms (2014) · cites this paper as [22]
Intensive behavioral therapy is currently the only effective treatment for the three diagnostic symptoms of autism.
“Intensive behavioral therapy is currently the only effective treatment for the three diagnostic symptoms: qualitative impairment in social interaction, deficits in communication, and stereotyped repetitive behaviors with restricted interests (5–10).”
From Negative allosteric modulation of the mGluR5 receptor reduces repetitive behaviors and rescues social deficits in mouse models of autism (2012) · cites this paper as [8]

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Authors: Landa, R. J.
Affiliations: Kennedy Krieger Institute (US)
Corresponding author: Landa, Rebecca J
ORCID: Landa, Rebecca J
Venue: Nature Clinical Practice Neurology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2008-02-05
Volume: 4
Issue: 3
Pages: 138-147
ISSN: 1745-834X (ISSN-L)
1745-8358
DOI: 10.1038/ncpneuro0731
OpenAlex: W1983894784
Cited by: 273
References: 97
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 1.40
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature Clinical Practice Neurology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Mental Health (U54MH066417, MH59630, MH066417, R01MH059630)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, early diagnosis, toddlers, early intervention, social communication deficits, neurodevelopmental disorders, Asperger syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, age at diagnosis
MeSH terms: Autistic Disorder, Humans, Early Diagnosis

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