Defining empirically supported therapies.

“…efficacy and effectiveness of parent training programs with non-Latino White families, scholars caution against assumptions that such evidence can be generalized to diverse populations (Bernal & Scharron-Del Rio, 2001; Chambless & Hollon, 1998; Eyberg, 2005; Forehand & Kotchick, 1996; Hall, 2001).”

“Several qualitative reviews on pediatric OCD treatment have tried to classify psychological interventions according to Evidence-Based-Treatment criteria proposed by Chambless, Baker, Baumon, Beutler, and Calhoun (1998) and Chambless and Hollon (1998).”

“The discrepancy between academic research reporting and clinical application has been noted repeatedly in the literature (Beutler et. al, 1995; Chambless & Hollon, 1998; Goldfried & Wolfe, 1996).”

“When judged according to the criteria for an empirically supported treatment (EST; Chambless & Hollon, 1998), the literature provides such an endorsement (e.g. Silverman, Pina, & Viswesvaran, 2008).”

“As acknowledged by Chambless and Hollon (1998), treatment manuals are a ‘‘cogent and extensive description of the treatment approach a therapist is to follow’’ (p. 11).”

“The early focus in the evidencebased treatment movement on creating a list of treatments that have shown superiority over treatment as usual for specific DSM disorders (Chambless & Hollon, 1998) is limited by the patient heterogeneity disguised by the DSM diagnoses.”

“Several psychosocial treatments for children and adults are empirically supported (Chambless and Hollon 1998).”

“Recent efforts to establish concrete criteria for judging whether a treatment has been proven efficacious (Chambless, 1996; Chambless & Hollon, 1998; Crits-Christoph, 1996; Task Force on Promotion and Dissemination of Psychological Procedures, 1995) have emphasized the following minimally necessary…”

“Considered the gold standard of outcome studies, RCTs also incorporate procedures such as blind assessments, diagnosis made with objective criteria, adequate sample sizes, treatment manuals, treatment fidelity measures, and reliable and valid outcome measures (Chambless and Hollon 1998; Nathan and Gorman 2002).”

“As Chambless and Hollon (1998) discussed at length, the randomized controlled trial (RCT) remains the gold standard design for establishing psychotherapy treatment efficacy.”

“The movement in applied psychology to identify and disseminate information pertaining to evidence-based practice has been designed largely to improve the quality of services offered in the community (see Chambless & Hollon, 1998; Stoiber & Kratochwill, 2000).”

“[38] To date, Camp CopeA-Lot—the intervention examined in this study—has only been investigated by the treatment developers in a single randomized-controlled trial.”

“If treatments were shown to be differentially effective, it could be inferred that this difference was the result of variability in treatment ingredients [6].”

“We recommend using the ideas developed in clinical psychology (based on (Chambless and Hollon, 1998)):”

“Empirically-supported treatments may be defined as treatments shown to be efficacious in randomized clinical research trials with given populations (see APA Task Force on Promotion and Dissemination of Psychological Procedures, 1995; Chambless & Hollon, 1998).”

“Use of empirically supported treatments (ESTs), as defined by Chambless and Hollon ( 1998 ), may be a promising future direction for training foster parents, particularly since these programs have already demonstrated a high rate of success.”

“Quality of interventions was evaluated according to three criteria [30]: use of a treatment manual, provision of therapy by specifically trained therapists, and verification of treatment integrity during the study.”

“Based on the guidelines of the Clinical Psychology Division of the American Psychological Association (APA) (Figure), this review evaluates evidence for the efficacy of various CAM modalities for treatment of chronic pain [5-6].”

“Users complete gamified versions of evidence-based therapeutic activities (ie, activities with demonstrated effectiveness in at least two different studies with different samples [55]), which are combined into tracks that focus on a specific area of concern, like addressing loneliness (ie, “Defeat Loneliness,” see Fig…”

“…the study involved a ‘real world’ sample of children whose mothers registered for the course, it may have greater external validity than intervention studies conducted in research laboratories with recruited homogeneous populations (Chambless & Hollon, 1998; Weisz, Donenberg, Han, & Weiss, 1995).”

“As such, intervention manuals are the most accepted and effective tool for disseminating empirically supported prevention and treatment programs (Addis, 1997; Chambless & Hollon, 1998).”

“being CBT programs (Chambless et al., 1996, Chambless & Hollon, 1998 ).”

“…of PDTs (Nezu & Nezu, 2008), it has taken center stage since the mid 1990s when it became considered the ‘gold standard’ for testing effects of psychosocial interventions and psychotherapies (Backmann, 2017; Boutron et al., 2008; Chambless & Hollon, 1998; Guyatt et al., 1995; Sackett et al., 1996).”

“…the effectiveness of ET in independent research settings, may allow inclusion amongst the “empirically supported treatments”; that is, “clearly specified psychological treatments shown to be efficacious in controlled research with a delineated population” (Chambless & Hollon, 1998, p. 7).”

“There is a need for hypnotic-analgesia clinical outcome research that includes appropriate control conditions (that can control, for example, for therapist attention, patient expectancy and motivation, and other nonspecific treatment factors) to help determine the specific effects of hypnotic-analgesia treatment, dist…”

“In the psychological literature, treatments that meet these stringent criteria are considered to be empirically validated (Chambless & Hollon, 1998; Kendall, 1998; Task Force on Promotion and Dissemination of Psychological Procedures, 1995).”

“In evaluating extant treatments studies for ATT, we primarily draw from Chambless and Hollon’s (1998) scheme for determining the efficacy of psychological interventions. As noted by Chambless and Hollon (1998), “treatment efficacy must be demonstrated in controlled research in which it is reasonable to conclude that b…”

“At present, DBT is the only treatment for youth with suicidal and self-harm behaviors that meets criteria for a “well-established” empirically supported treatment (Chambless & Hollon, 1998).”

“ESTs, interventions with demonstrated efficacy in at least two independent randomized clinical trials (see Chambless & Hollon, 1998 for a full review of the criteria associated with ESTs), are increasingly recognized as the gold standard in care for clients (Chambless & Hollon, 1998; Chambless &…”

“Results of single-case designs and case studies can tell much about treatment effectiveness under real-world circumstances, but controlled studies comparing the treatment with placebo or other modalities are required to demonstrate efficacy of specific interventions (Chambless & Hollon, 1998).”

“Currently, the only well-established treatments for children with ADHD are medications and psychosocial approaches that focus on behavioral management (Chambless & Hollon, 1998) including behavioral parent training (BPT) and summer treatment programs (STP; Pelham & Fabiano, 2008).”

“As compared with Foa and Meadows’s [1997] gold standards, the guidelines provided by Chambless and Hollon (1998) are more easily within the reach of hypnosis researchers and clinicians, especially in two areas.”

“It is important to note that the standard deviations for the POMS subscales are large for cancer patients in general suggesting substantial individual differences [20, 23, 24].”

“Treatments that have been clearly specified, shown to be efficacious in rigorously controlled research, such as randomized clinical trials (RCTs), and proven efficacious with specific populations have been referred to as empirically supported treatments (ESTs; Chambless & Hollon, 1998).”

“A recent metaanalysis (Arns et al., 2009) and review (Lofthouse et al., 2012) of neurofeedback (all protocols) for the treatment of childhood ADHD have discussed the guidelines for defining empirically supported therapies (Chambless & Hollon, 1998).”

“Empirically supported treatments (ESTs) are clearly specified psychological treatments shown to be efficacious in controlled research with a delineated population ( Chambless & Hollon, 1998 ).”

“The EBA-TF guidelines correspond with similar rubrics published by APA Division 12 (Chambless & Hollon, 1998) and Division 54 (Spirito, 1999) to describe the empirical support for psychological and related therapies.”

“Chambless and Hollon (1998) have recently suggested that each of two independent research groups must accomplish at least three positive replications of a treatment to establish its efficacy using single-case designs.”

“It is important to note that despite these individual studies finding positive, preliminary evidence, to date none of these interventions focused on changing cognitive processes has been established as fully evidence-based according to rigorous EST criteria (e.g., Chambless & Hollon, 1998).”

“Following the principles of good research design (Kazdin, 2003), the field required primarily that treatments be well-specified, typically in the form of a book or manual (e.g., Chambless & Hollon, 1998).”

“Support for SOCE would require such efforts to be considered “well-established” or “probably efficacious” using the APA Division 12 Task Force criteria for evaluating empirically supported treatments (Chambless & Hollon, 1998; Chambless & Ollendick, 2001).”

“These authors used the criteria for empirically supported treatments developed by Chambless and Hollon (1998), and found that while only twoR/S-integrative therapiesmet the criteria for efficacy, this was largely due to a lack of replication and methodological rigor of studies of R/Sintegrative therapies.”

“In addition, Chambless and Hollon (1998) recommend that researchers and clinicians attend to the generalizability, feasibility and costeffectiveness of therapy in clinical practice.”

“For the purposes of summarizing in this article the degree of empirical support for each of these three new interventions in child and adolescent psychiatry, three dimensions are discussed [20]: (1) efficacy, or evidence of benefit in controlled research, especially RCT, (2) effectiveness, or evidence of usefulness in…”

“…outcome research; evidence-based treatment; meta-analysis One of the more contentious debates in clinical psychology surrounds evidence-based psychological treatments (EBTs), interventions that have demonstrated efficacy compared with some sort of control group (Chambless & Hollon, 1998).”

“, ALANAs/RIGs) could be classified as well-established, probably efficacious, or possibly efficacious according to Chambless et al. (1996) and Chambless and Hollon’s (1998) evidence-based practice criteria and some of Nathan and Gorman’s (2008, as cited in Huey & Polo) criteria for evaluating the methodological rigor…”

“investigator teams have demonstrated its effects (33, 34).”

“The importance of selecting therapeutic interventions based on empirical support has gained increased attention since the publication of guidelines recommending the adoption of empirically supported treatments by the American Psychological Association's (APA) Division 12 Task Force on Promotion and Dissemination of Ps…”

“McGrath et al. (2000) reviewed 42 published articles, inclusive of 13 studies that used single-subject designs, evaluating behavioral and medical treatments for constipation and fecal incontinence using the ‘‘Chambless criteria’’ (Chambless & Hollon, 1998).”

“Empirical studies (minimum evidence level III [36]) examining the impact of mentalization on the process and outcome of psychotherapy were considered for this systematic review.”

“…that Division 12’s (Society of Clinical Psychology, APA) Task Force on Promotion and Dissemination of Psychological Procedures (1995) confirmed that “ESTs should be identified and disseminated to practitioners to improve patient care, and that EST research should be used to guide practice…”

“Chard et al. (2010) found that OEF-OIF veterans experienced significantly greater improvements from CPT and Vietnam veterans.”

“At present, no psychosocial or medication treatments for anxiety in school-aged children with ASD meets American Psychological Association (APA) guidelines for efficacy (Chambless and Hollon 1998).”

“Per typical criteria for characterizing an intervention’s level of empirical support (cf. Chambless & Hollon, 1998; Norcross, Beutler, & Levant, 2006), given the lack of pure experimental study designs in the extant FTDC research base, more quasi-experimental studies are needed to clarify the…”