The DOI matches its Crossref record; 100 of the 100 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Defining empirically supported therapies.
Abstract
A scheme is proposed for determining when a psychological treatment for a specific problem or disorder may be considered to be established in efficacy or to be possibly efficacious.The importance of independent replication before a treatment is established in efficacy is emphasized, and a number of factors are elaborated that should be weighed in evaluating whether studies supporting a treatment's efficacy are sound.It is suggested that, in evaluating the benefits of a given treatment, the greatest weight should be given to efficacy trials but that these trials should be followed by research on effectiveness in clinical settings and with various populations and by cost-effectiveness research.In this special section, the authors of review articles have been asked to evaluate the psychological treatment research literature in their area of expertise to identify empirically supported treatments' (ESTs).Briefly, we define ESTs as clearly specified psychological treatments shown to be efficacious in controlled research with a delineated population.Thus, following Kiesler (1966), we suggest that practitioners and researchers will profit from knowing which treatments are effective for which clients or patients.That psychological treatments (undefined) benefit the majority of clients or patients (undefined) is already well established (see, e.g., M. L. Smith & Glass, 1977).Furthermore, our particular emphasis is on the effects of the treatments as independent variables.This is not to deny the importance of other factors such as the therapeutic alliance, as well as client and patient variables that affect the process and outcome of psychological therapies (see, e.g.,
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“The efficacy of this treatment is supported by The Task Force Report on Empirically Supported Treatments (ESTs; Chambless & Hollon, 1998) and the 12th Division of the APA.”
From Enhancing In Vivo Exposure in the Treatment of Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia Using Location-Based Technologies: A Case Study (2020) · cites this paper as Chambless & Hollon, 1998
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, the American Psychological Association has recognized ACT as an evidence-based therapy to promote psychological (eg, depressive symptoms) and physical (eg, chronic pain) health.29”
From Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Among Informal Caregivers of People With Chronic Health Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“Following MBCT training, participants exhibit improved self-reported mindfulness (43–50), reduced rumination (43, 45–48, 51–53) and worry (43, 47, 53), improved meta-awareness (52, 54, 55), increased self-compassion (56, 57), and reduced emotional reactivity (58).”
From Mindfulness-Based Interventions in Psychiatry (2018) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“Research has largely supported this notion, and shown that these processes are central components and active ingredients of MBCT.”
From Mindfulness-Based Interventions in Psychiatry (2018) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“Four recent meta-analyses have addressed the long-term outcome of CBT for anxiety-related disorders, and they generally indicate a medium symptomreductionupto2yearsfollowing treatment completion.”
From Long-term Outcomes of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety-Related Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“Strengths of this meta-analysis are the inclusion of more comparison groups, which yielded more studies than previous meta-analyses, 18-21”
From Long-term Outcomes of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety-Related Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [19]
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“…quality of the treatment implementation using three criteria which were based on an authoritative review of empirically supported psychotherapies (Chambless & Hollon, 1998): (1) the study referred to the use of a treatment manual (either a published manual, or a manual specifically designed for…”
MethodPsychoeducation as Evidence-Based Practice: Considerations for Practice, Research, and Policy
Lukens, E. P., & McFarlane, W. R. (2004) · Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention · doi:10.1093/brief-treatment/mhh019 · Cited by 401
“However, the studies together cannot be labeled as meeting criteria for a Category I evidence-based practice because LUKENS AND MCFARLANE 212 Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention / 4:3 Fall 2004 they share an investigator (Chambless & Hollon, 1998).”
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“Were it not for the heterogenous treatments evaluated, the intervention literature would seem to satisfy recently proposed criteria for empirically supported psychological therapies (i.e., internally valid evidence of treatment effects; Chambless & Hollon, 1998).”
BackgroundStade, E. C., Stirman, S. W., Ungar, L. H., Boland, C. L., Schwartz, H. A., Yaden, D. B., Sedoc, J., DeRubeis, R. J., Willer, R., & Eichstaedt, J. C. (2024) · npj Mental Health Research · doi:10.1038/s44184-024-00056-z · Cited by 391
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“Several randomized clinical trials (e.g., Kendall, 1994; Kendall et al., 1997) have, according to Kazdin and Weisz (1998), established the individual treatment as ‘‘probably efficacious’’ using American Psychological Association Task Force (1995)/ Chambless and Hollon (1998) criteria.”
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Addis, M. E., Wade, W. A., & Hatgis, C. (1999) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.6.4.430 · Cited by 362
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“A sample size of 25–30 per group has been identified as sufficient to detect clinically significant differences between two active treatments (27).”
BackgroundEvans, S. W., Owens, J. S., Wymbs, B. T., & Ray, A. R. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2017.1390757 · Cited by 477
Beauchaine, T. P., Webster-Stratton, C., & Reid, M. J. (2005) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.73.3.371 · Cited by 454
“Among these approaches, parent training (PT) has emerged as the preferred treatment because two of its variants meet the stringent Chambless and Hollon (1998) criteria for well-established interventions (Brestan & Eyberg, 1998).”
BackgroundEvidence Base Update for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Smith, T., & Iadarola, S. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2015.1077448 · Cited by 339
van Dis, E. A. M., van Veen, S. C., Hagenaars, M. A., Batelaan, N. M., Bockting, C. L. H., van den Heuvel, R. M., Cuijpers, P., & Engelhard, I. M. (2020) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.3986 · Cited by 335
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“The intent of our relatively narrow focus on randomized trials of substance abuse treatments was to base our conclusions about the efficacy of particular approaches on the most rigorous studies conducted, in which the interpretation of findings would be clearest (Chambless & Hollon, 1998 ).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPsychotherapy for chronic major depression and dysthymia: A meta-analysis
Cuijpers, P., van Straten, A., Schuurmans, J., van Oppen, P., Hollon, S. D., & Andersson, G. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.09.003 · Cited by 320
Self-citationForgatch, M. S., Patterson, G. R., & DeGarmo, D. S. (2005) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(05)80049-8 · Cited by 320
It’s More Than a Black Box; It’s a Russian Doll: Defining Rehabilitation Treatments
Whyte, J., & Hart, T. (2003) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/01.phm.0000078200.61840.2d · Cited by 297
“Thus, the comparison treaters, the professors, may have inadvertently been selected for their success in dealing effectively with the target population.(17) Focusing at the level of discipline acknowledges the fact that different patients need different specific therapy activities.”
BackgroundMethodLambert, M. J., Harmon, C., Slade, K., Whipple, J. L., & Hawkins, E. J. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20113 · Cited by 326
Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling
Cowlishaw, S., Merkouris, S., Dowling, N., Anderson, C., Jackson, A., & Thomas, S. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008937.pub2 · Cited by 321
Reid, M. J., Webster-Stratton, C. H., & Beauchaine, T. P. (2001) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1023/a:1013618309070 · Cited by 319
“…and conduct disorder (CD) in young children, key predictors of adolescent delinquency, substance abuse, and violent behavior, is alarmingly prevalent, with reported rates of early-onset conduct problems as high as 35% in low-income families (Chambless & Hollon, 1998; Webster-Stratton et al., 1989).”
Behavioral activation interventions for well-being: A meta-analysis
Mazzucchelli, T. G., Kane, R. T., & Rees, C. S. (2010) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760903569154 · Cited by 319
“The methodological quality of each study was assessed using nine criteria based on a range of important methodological features of psychotherapy research (Chambless & Hollon, 1998).”
MethodWright, J. H., Wright, A. S., Albano, A. M., Basco, M. R., Goldsmith, L. J., Raffield, T., & Otto, M. W. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.6.1158 · Cited by 319
“Cognitive therapy for depression has been tested in many controlled studies (4, 5) and meets the standards of an empirically validated treatment (6).”
MethodOutcome of comprehensive psycho-educational interventions for young children with autism
Eikeseth, S. (2008) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2008.02.003 · Cited by 344
How would we know if psychotherapy were harmful?
Dimidjian, S., & Hollon, S. D. (2010) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0017299 · Cited by 314
Rosen, G. M., & Davison, G. C. (2003) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445503027003003 · Cited by 305
“How then would a system based on ESPs handle DBT? The current approach proposed by Chambless and Hollon (1998) is to simply ignore the matter of change mechanisms.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSafer, D. L., & Jo, B. (2010) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2009.01.006 · Cited by 342
“…time and assessments, (2) to compare against an active placebo to control for the nonspecific effects of psychotherapy (e.g., therapeutic alliance, treatment expectations, etc.), and (3) to compare against another established active treatment to investigate outcome (e.g., Chambless & Hollon, 1998).”
White, S. W., Ollendick, T. H., Albano, A. M., Oswald, D. P., Johnson, C. R., Southam‐Gerow, M. A., Kim, I., & Scahill, L. D. (2012) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1577-x · Cited by 330
“This is distinct from efficacy, which entails formal statistical comparison of outcomes across two or more treatments (cf., Chambless and Hollon 1998).”
BackgroundL Tate, R., Mcdonald, S., Perdices, M., Togher, L., Schultz, R., & Savage, S. (2008) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602010802009201 · Cited by 362
“…upon 10 weaknesses of single-subject designs in terms of their threats to six domains of validity as discussed by authorities in the area (Anderson & Kim, 2003; Barlow & Hersen, 1984; Chambless & Hollon, 1998; Hersen & Barlow, 1976; Kazdin, 1982, 2003; Robey, Schultz, Crawford, & Sinner, 1999).”
BackgroundKendall, P., & Beidas, R. (2007) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/0735-7028.38.1.13 · Cited by 310
“Regarding ESTs, one can further ask “What are the criteria to be applied when identifying an EST?” For the specifics we refer you to Chambless and Hollon (1998) and to the special issue of the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (Kendall & Chambless, 1998) and the Journal of Clinical Child Psychology (Loniga…”
BackgroundMethodReview of the evidence base for treatment of childhood Psychopathology: internalizing disorders
Compton, S. N., Burns, B. J., Egger, H. L., & Robertson, E. (2002) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.70.6.1240 · Cited by 308
Annual Research Review: Building a science of personalized intervention for youth mental health
Ng, M. Y., & Weisz, J. R. (2016) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12470 · Cited by 291
“Although recent versions of youth EST criteria have prioritized RCTs (Silverman & Hinshaw, 2008; Southam-Gerow & Prinstein, 2014), the original EST criteria included both RCTs and single-case experiments as acceptable research designs for demonstrating treatment efficacy (Chambless & Hollon, 1998).”
InfluentialChesney, M. A., Chambers, D. B., Taylor, J. M., Johnson, L. M., & Folkman, S. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000097344.78697.ed · Cited by 301
“Chambless and Hollon (1998) proposed the following criteria for determining efficacy in behavioral interventions: (1) treatment provided in a randomized clinical trial; (2) a comparison with other rival interventions as well as a no-treatment condition; (3) a sample size that provides adequate statistical power—approx…”
BackgroundNixon, R. D. V., Sweeney, L., Erickson, D. B., & Touyz, S. W. (2003) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.71.2.251 · Cited by 313
“Second, this finding is extremely relevant to the issue of making interventions more cost-effective (Chambless & Hollon, 1998).”
BackgroundLong-term psychodynamic psychotherapy in complex mental disorders: update of a meta-analysis
Leichsenring, F., & Rabung, S. (2011) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.082776 · Cited by 312
A Low–Glycemic Index Diet in the Treatment of Pediatric Obesity
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“Thus, the findings speak to the clinical effectiveness of this dietary approach.(47) Finally, this study underscores the need for a prospective, controlled clinical trial of a low-GI diet in the treatment of obesity.”
ResultDorsey, S., McLaughlin, K. A., Kerns, S. E. U., Harrison, J. P., Lambert, H. K., Briggs, E. C., Revillion Cox, J., & Amaya-Jackson, L. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2016.1220309 · Cited by 296
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“standards for assessing empirical support (Task Force on Promotion and Dissemination of Psychological Procedure, 1995) and Chambless and Hollon’s (1998) modifications of the American Psychological Association’s standards. The six standards used to rate the degree of experimental control employed by the studies include…”
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The efficacy of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression: A meta-analysis
Driessen, E., Cuijpers, P. J., de Maat, S. C. M., Abbass, A. A., de Jonghe, F., & Dekker, J. (2009) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.08.010 · Cited by 298
Are results of randomized controlled trials useful to psychotherapists?
Persons, J. B., & Silberschatz, G. (1998) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.66.1.126 · Cited by 320
Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors in Youth
Glenn, C. R., Franklin, J. C., & Nock, M. K. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2014.945211 · Cited by 288
“Chambless and Hollon (1998) note that dropout becomes a serious concern when rates of attrition differ between the experimental treatment and comparison treatment groups.”
BackgroundMethodManualized therapy for PTSD: Flexing the structure of cognitive processing therapy.
Galovski, T. E., Blain, L. M., Mott, J. M., Elwood, L. S., & Houle, T. T. (2012) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0030600 · Cited by 286
Kratochwill, T. R., & Stoiber, K. C. (2002) · School Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1521/scpq.17.4.341.20872 · Cited by 288
“The problem of generalizability of findings to ethnic minority groups was accommodated by shifting the construct from “empirically validated treatment” to “empirically supported treatment” (Chambless & Hollon, 1998).”
BackgroundPiacentini, J. C., Bergman, R. L., Chang, S. W., Langley, A. K., Peris, T. S., Wood, J. J., & McCracken, J. T. (2011) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2011.08.003 · Cited by 287
Bernal, G., & Río, M. R. S. (2001) · Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology · doi:10.1037/1099-9809.7.4.328 · Cited by 369
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Treatment of substance abusing patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders
Kelly, T. M., Daley, D. C., & Douaihy, A. B. (2011) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.09.010 · Cited by 306
Treatment of existential distress in life threatening illness: A review of manualized interventions
LeMay, K., & Wilson, K. G. (2008) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.07.013 · Cited by 280
Kallapiran, K., Koo, S., Kirubakaran, R., & Hancock, K. (2015) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/camh.12113 · Cited by 326
Leichsenring, F. (2001) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(99)00057-4 · Cited by 281
“…Association, 1980, 1983) and especially the comparative efficacy of STPP and CBT/BT. Comparisons with a rival treatment provide the most stringent test of efficacy, because they not only control for common factors, but also involve tests between rival specific mechanisms (Chambless & Hollon, 1998).”
BackgroundWatkins, L., O’Reilly, M. F., Kuhn, M., Gevarter, C., Lancioni, G. E., Sigafoos, J., & Lang, R. B. (2014) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2264-x · Cited by 279
“As noted by Chambless and Hollon (1998), in order to determine for whom a treatment will be potentially beneficial, research must take into consideration participant characteristics and how these characteristics may affect or interact with a given treatment approach.”
BackgroundSolomon, M., Ono, M. Y., Timmer, S. G., & Goodlin‐Jones, B. L. (2008) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-008-0567-5 · Cited by 275
“However, there are many ‘‘well established’’ and ‘‘probably efficacious’’ (Chambless and Hollon 1998) manualized evidence-based interventions for school-aged children without ASDs and with average or better cognitive and language abilities and disruptive behavior disorders (Brestan and Eyberg 1998).”
BackgroundCurrent Status and Future Directions in Couple Therapy
Snyder, D. K., Castellani, A. M., & Whisman, M. A. (2005) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070154 · Cited by 301
Toward a more clinically valid approach to therapy research.
Goldfried, M. R., & Wolfe, B. E. (1998) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.66.1.143 · Cited by 273
“The methodological standards described by Chambless and Hollon (1998) and the reviews by Baucom et al. (1998) , Compas et al. (1998) , DeRubeis and CritsChristoph (1998) , and Kazdin and Weisz (1998) are in the best tradition of this current generation of studies.”
BackgroundInfluentialEvaluating the Quality of Evidence from Correlational Research for Evidence-Based Practice
Thompson, B., Diamond, K. E., McWilliam, R. A., Snyder, P., & Snyder, S. W. (2005) · Exceptional Children · doi:10.1177/001440290507100204 · Cited by 273
“Recent movements to emphasize evidence-based practice in medicine (see Sackett, Straus, Richardson, Rosenberg, & Haynes, 2000), psychology (see Chambless, 1998 ), and education (Mosteller & Boruch, 2002; Shavelson & Towne, 2002) also reflect the”
BackgroundIntervention Studies on Forgiveness: A Meta‐Analysis
Baskin, T. W., & Enright, R. D. (2004) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2004.tb00288.x · Cited by 420
The Cannabis Youth Treatment (CYT) experiment: rationale, study design and analysis plans
Dennis, M. L., Titus, J. C., Diamond, G., Donaldson, J., Godley, S. H., Tims, F. M., Webb, C. P. M., Kaminer, Y., Babor, T. F., Roebuck, M. C., et al. (2002) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.97.s01.2.x · Cited by 272
Murray, L. K., Nguyen, A. J., & Cohen, J. A. (2014) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2014.01.003 · Cited by 271
Barth, R. P., Landsverk, J., Chamberlain, P., Reid, J. B., Rolls, J. A., Hurlburt, M. S., Farmer, E. M. Z., James, S., McCabe, K. M., & Kohl, P. L. (2005) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/1049731505276321 · Cited by 269
“The criteria identified by Chambless and Hollon (1998) and the Cochrane Collaborative (Clarke & Oxman, 2003) are commonly used to define levels of evidence, although their usefulness for this review is limited because there are no parent-training programs that meet the Chambless and Hollon’s…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialGavin, L. E., Catalano, R. F., David-Ferdon, C. F., Gloppen, K. M., & Markham, C. M. (2010) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.11.215 · Cited by 281
Silverman, W. K., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374410701817725 · Cited by 263
“We began with the criteria provided by the original Division 12 Task Force, supplementing these with subsequent modifications and extensions (i.e., Chambless & Hollon, 1998; Chambless & Ollendick, 2001).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialHistorical and philosophical bases of the cognitive-behavioral therapies.
Dobson, K. S., & Dozois, D. J. A. (2019) · Cited by 261
Researcher allegiance in psychotherapy outcome research: An overview of reviews
Munder, T., Brütsch, O., Leonhart, R., Gerger, H., & Barth, J. (2013) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.02.002 · Cited by 260
Sensory integration therapy for autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review
Lang, R., O’Reilly, M., Healy, O., Rispoli, M., Lydon, H., Streusand, W., Davis, T., Kang, S., Sigafoos, J., Lancioni, G., et al. (2012) · Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2012.01.006 · Cited by 259
Sexual dysfunction: Overview of prevalence, etiological factors, and treatments
Heiman, J. R. (2002) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224490209552124 · Cited by 263
“Since the original report of the task force there has been further discussion of the criteria and meaning of empirically supported treatment (e.g., Berkovec & Castonguay, 1998; Chambless & Hollon, 1998).”
BackgroundBeatty, L., & Lambert, S. (2013) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.03.004 · Cited by 244
Electroencephalographic Biofeedback in the Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Monastra, V. J., Lynn, S. J., Linden, M., Lubar, J. F., Gruzelier, J. H., & Vaque, T. J. L. (2005) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/s10484-005-4305-x · Cited by 254
“Despite the positive outcomes reported in case studies, information derived from such studies is considered insufficient to demonstrate the efficacy of any treatment (Chambless & Hollon, 1998; LaVaque et al., 2002; Nuwer, 1997).”
ResultWilliams, N. J., & Beidas, R. S. (2019) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12960 · Cited by 233
“…sought to establish standards for identifying treatment approaches as ‘evidence-based’ (APA Presidential Task Force on Evidence-Based Practice, 2006; Chambless & Hollon, 1998; Chambless & Ollendick, 2001) and began to evaluate whether the use of EBPs in community settings improved the outcomes of…”
BackgroundChorpita, B. F., Yim, L. M., Donkervoet, J. C., Arensdorf, A. M., Amundsen, M. J., McGee, C., Serrano, A. C., Yates, A., Burns, J. A., & Morelli, P. T. T. (2002) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.2002.tb00504.x · Cited by 260
“…reviews have clear implications for clinical practice, the standards for ranking treatments have been largely based on efficacy and have not addressed in great detail the effectiveness criteria originally proposed by the 1995 APA report (see Chambless & Hollon, 1998, regarding effectiveness).”
BackgroundInfluentialSoutham‐Gerow, M. A., & Prinstein, M. J. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2013.855128 · Cited by 256
Behavioral Addictions as Mental Disorders: To Be or Not To Be?
Petry, N. M., Zajac, K., & Ginley, M. K. (2018) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045120 · Cited by 254
“No intervention meets criteria as empirically validated (Chambless & Hollon 1998) for gambling disorder.”
BackgroundTreatment of Pathological Gambling: A Critical Review of the Literature.
Toneatto, T., & Ladoceur, R. (2003) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/0893-164x.17.4.284 · Cited by 253
“The American Psychological Association has recommended that only empirically validated treatments (EVTs) be included ( Chambless & Hollon, 1998; Kazdin, 2001).”
BackgroundFamily-Based Interventions for Substance Use and Misuse Prevention
Kumpfer, K. L., Alvarado, R., & Whiteside, H. O. (2003) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1081/ja-120024240 · Cited by 251
“Some researchers have accepted the Chambless and Hollon (1998) criteria as the standard for defining empirically supported therapies.”
BackgroundMindfulness interventions in the workplace: A critique of the current state of the literature.
Jamieson, S. D., & Tuckey, M. R. (2016) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/ocp0000048 · Cited by 281
The effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapies: An update
Fonagy, P. (2015) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20235 · Cited by 275
“Could CBT be discovered and disseminated now under the empirically supported therapies paradigm (203)?”
BackgroundCarey, K. B., Scott‐Sheldon, L. A. J., Elliott, J. C., Garey, L., & Carey, M. P. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.08.001 · Cited by 250
Lilienfeld, S. O. (2011) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0023963 · Cited by 272
What Makes Internet Therapy Work?
Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Berger, T., Almlöv, J., & Cuijpers, P. (2009) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506070902916400 · Cited by 234
“Using the criteria of empirically-supported treatments suggested by Chambless and Hollon (1998), with at least two independent randomized controlled trials suggesting that the treatment works, there are several areas for which guided Internet treatment based on CBT could be regarded as…”
Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder
Gibbon, S., Duggan, C. F., Stoffers‐Winterling, J., Huband, N., Vӧllm, B., Ferriter, M., & Lieb, K. (2010) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007668.pub2 · Cited by 264
Steinert, C., Munder, T., Rabung, S., Hoyer, J., & Leichsenring, F. (2017) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17010057 · Cited by 244
“Comparatorswerebonafidemethods of psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy with efficacy demonstrated for the respective disorder according to published criteria and guidelines (4, 5, 15).”
BackgroundMethodEmpirically supported religious and spiritual therapies
Hook, J. N., Worthington, E. L., Davis, D. E., Jennings, D. J., Gartner, A. L., & Hook, J. P. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20626 · Cited by 258
“The purpose of the present review is to use the criteria presented by Chambless and Hollon (1998) to evaluate the efficacy, specificity, clinical significance, and effectiveness of R/S therapies.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialResearch on experiential psychotherapies
Elliott, R., Greenberg, L. S., & Lietaer, G. (2004) · Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde) · Cited by 242
Training implications of harmful effects of psychological treatments.
Castonguay, L. G., Boswell, J. F., Constantino, M. J., Goldfried, M. R., & Hill, C. E. (2010) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0017330 · Cited by 240
“Other studies have expanded on this finding in demonstrating that therapists’ recollections of negative perceptions of parents during childhood were associated with negative interpersonal processes in session (Christianson, 1991; Hilliard, Henry, & Strupp, 2000) and that such interpersonal processes were negatively re…”
BackgroundResultLeaving Work at Work: A Meta-Analysis on Employee Recovery From Work
Steed, L. B., Swider, B. W., Keem, S., & Liu, J. T. (2019) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206319864153 · Cited by 299
“In keeping with recent works (e.g., Oh, Wang, & Mount, 2011), we set the minimum number of samples to be included in our meta-analysis at three samples (Chambless & Hollon, 1998).”
ResultHuppert, J. D., Bufka, L. F., Barlow, D. H., Gorman, J. M., Shear, M. K., & Woods, S. W. (2001) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.69.5.747 · Cited by 249
Clinical Utility of EEG in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Loo, S. K., & Barkley, R. A. (2005) · Applied Neuropsychology · doi:10.1207/s15324826an1202_2 · Cited by 245
Beyond linear mediation: Toward a dynamic network approach to study treatment processes
Hofmann, S. G., Curtiss, J. E., & Hayes, S. C. (2020) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101824 · Cited by 232
A five-phase model for clinical-outcome research
Robey, R. R. (2004) · Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2004.04.003 · Cited by 288
Gardner, F. L., & Moore, Z. E. (2012) · Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/a0030220 · Cited by 241
Are results of randomized controlled trials useful to psychotherapists?
Persons, J. B., & Silberschatz, G. (1998) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.66.1.126 · Cited by 233
“…B is a weaker design than the RCT because clinicians cannot be certain that the patients receiving Treatment A do not differ in some systematic way from the patients receiving Treatment B. RCTs (through random assignment, hence the name RCT ) overcome this weakness (see Chambless & Hollon, 1998 ).”
ResultFamily‐based services in children's mental health: a research review and synthesis
Hoagwood, K. (2005) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01451.x · Cited by 244
The TEACCH program for children and adults with autism: A meta-analysis of intervention studies
Ortega, J. V., Julio, F., & Pastor‐Barriuso, R. (2013) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.07.005 · Cited by 278
Efficacy of internet therapy for panic disorder
Klein, B., Richards, J. C., & Austin, D. W. (2006) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2005.07.001 · Cited by 236
Determining Evidence-Based Practices in Special Education
Cook, B. G., Tankersley, M., & Landrum, T. J. (2009) · Exceptional Children · doi:10.1177/001440290907500306 · Cited by 235
“The Task Force on Evidence-Based Interventions in School Psychology (2003) aims to provide descriptions of group research, SSR, confirmatory program evaluation, and qualitative research (Kratochwill & Stoiber, 2002).”
BackgroundInfluentialEvidence-based psychological treatments for late-life anxiety
Ayers, C. R., Sorrell, J. T., Thorp, S. R., & Wetherell, J. L. (2007) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.22.1.8 · Cited by 235
Treatment of sexually abused children and adolescents.
Saywitz, K. J., Mannarino, A. P., Berliner, L., & Cohen, J. A. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.55.9.1040 · Cited by 244
Metadata
- Authors
- Chambless, D. L., & Hollon, S. D.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
- Published
- 1998
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 7-18
- ISSN
- 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2117
- OpenAlex
- W2119475075
- Cited by
- 3,067
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 67 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 79 · 2021: 110 · 2020: 116 · 2019: 102 · 2018: 110 · 2017: 125 · 2016: 114 · 2015: 144 · 2014: 157 · 2013: 168 · 2012: 185
- FWCI
- 93.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychology Research and Bibliometrics
- Keywords
- empirically supported treatments, treatment efficacy, replication, effectiveness research, cost-effectiveness, psychological intervention, evidence-based practice
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Humans, Patient Compliance, Psychotherapy, Empiricism
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