Responsiveness of children with attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder to reward and response cost: Differential impact on performance and motivation.

Carlson, Caryn L.; Tamm, Leanne

doi:10.1037/0022-006x.68.1.73

Cited by 117Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderBehavioral and Psychological StudiesAutism Spectrum Disorder Research

Responsiveness of children with attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder to reward and response cost: Differential impact on performance and motivation.

Carlson, Caryn L., Tamm, Leanne·2000·Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-006x.68.1.73

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Abstract

Using a within-subject design and both high- and low-interest tasks, this study examined the effects of reward (R), response cost (RC), and no contingency (NR) on performance and motivation of 22 children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 22 controls. Dependent variables included performance measures, self-rated performance and motivation, and a new measure of behavioral motivation based on a 2-min postcontingency task. Both contingencies benefited some aspects of the performance of ADHD children; relative to R, RC showed stronger effects but at the expense of decreased self-rated motivation on the low-interest task. The performance of controls did not differ across tasks, whereas ADHD children performed relatively better on the high-interest task. Neither contingency decreased motivation measures relative to NR for either group. For ADHD children, motivational effects appeared to be influenced by self-perceptions of performance.

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Children with ADHD are motivated by the prospect of punishment.
“Individuals vary in sensitivity to threat or punishment, and extant research provides evidence that children with ADHD are motivated by the prospect of punishment.”
From Risk taking and sensitivity to punishment in children with ADHD, ODD, ADHD+ODD, and controls (2011) · cites this paper as Carlson and Tamm 2000
ADHD is positively related to response cost.
“This association is consistent with previous work that ADHD was positively related to response cost (Carlson et al. 2000; Carlson and Tamm 2000).”
From Risk taking and sensitivity to punishment in children with ADHD, ODD, ADHD+ODD, and controls (2011) · cites this paper as Carlson and Tamm 2000

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Authors: Carlson, C. L., & Tamm, L.
Affiliations: The University of Texas at Austin (US)
ORCID: Tamm, Leanne
Venue: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2000-02
Volume: 68
Issue: 1
Pages: 73-83
ISSN: 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
1939-2117
DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.68.1.73
OpenAlex: W2018564817
Cited by: 117
References: 56
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 3.49
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r29mh049827-05)
National Institute of Mental Health (MH49827)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Keywords: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, reward, response cost, behavioral contingencies, motivation, task performance, task interest, self-perceived performance, children
MeSH terms: Achievement, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Discrimination Learning, Female, Humans, Male, Motivation, Psychomotor Performance, Self Concept, Token Economy

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Responsiveness of children with attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder to reward and response cost: Differential impact on performance and motivation.

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