Cited by 2,652Psychological Well-being and Life SatisfactionPersonality Traits and PsychologyNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective well-being: Happy and unhappy people

Costa, Paul T., McCrae, Robert R.·1980·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.38.4.668

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Three studies are reported that examine the relations between personality and happiness or subjective well-being. It is argued that (a) one set of traits influences positive affect or satisfaction, whereas a different set of traits influences negative affect or dissatisfaction; (b) the former set of traits can be reviewed as components of extraversion, and the latter as components of neuroticism; and (c) personality differences antedate and predict differences in happiness over a period of 10 years, thus ruling out the rival hypothesis that temporary moods or states account for the observed relations. A model of individual differences in happiness is presented, and the separate and complementary roles of trait and adaptation-level theories in explaining happiness are discussed.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0022-3514.38.4.668

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Sorted by citations

Items 501–600 of 1,003

Variability in affective change among aging men: Longitudinal findings from the VA Normative Aging Study
Griffin, P. W., Mroczek, D. K., & Spiro, A. (2005) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2005.09.011 · Cited by 74
Dyadic Characteristics of Individual Attributes: Attachment, Neuroticism, and Their Relation to Marital Quality and Closeness.
Ben-Ari, A. T., & Lavee, Y. (2005) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/0002-9432.75.4.621 · Cited by 71
Maternal depression and personality traits in association with child neuropsychological and behavioral development in preschool years: Mother-child cohort (Rhea Study) in Crete, Greece
Koutra, K., Roumeliotaki, T., Kyriklaki, A., Kampouri, M., Sarri, K. O., Vassilaki, M. E., Bitsios, P., Kogevinas, M., & Chatzi, L. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.04.002 · Cited by 71
“Maternal neuroticism is a stable and enduring tendency to experience distress frequently (Costa and McCrae, 1980; Goldberg, 2001) which predisposes mothers to internalizing psychiatric conditions, such as anxiety and depression (Jacobs et al., 2011).”
Background
Depression and Perceptions of Inequity among Couples Facing Cancer
Ybema, J. F., Kuijer, R. G., Buunk, B. P., de Jong, G. M., & Sanderman, R. (2001) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167201271001 · Cited by 70
“Whether people respond to stressful situations by developing depressive symptoms is rather strongly determined by personality, and most importantly by neuroticism (Costa & McCrae, 1980).”
Background
Culture as a Moderator of Overall Life Satisfaction – Life Facet Satisfaction Relationships
Mallard, A. G. C., Lance, C. E., & Michalos, A. C. (1997) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1023/a:1006812301761 · Cited by 72
Responding to symptoms of depression and anxiety: Emotion regulation, neuroticism, and engagement in risky behaviors
Auerbach, R. P., Abela, J. R. Z., & Ho, M. R. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.11.002 · Cited by 71
Resilient, Undercontrolled, and Overcontrolled Personality Prototypes Among Persons With Spinal Cord Injury
Berry, J. W., Elliott, T. R., & Rivera, P. (2007) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223890701629813 · Cited by 70
“…1997), psychological adjustment and coping (Elliott, Herrick, MacNair, & Harkins, 1994; McCrae, 1991; McCrae & Costa, 1986), overall happiness and satisfaction with life (Costa & McCrae, 1980; Myers & Diener, 1995), and general physical health and wellness behaviors (Booth-Kewley & Vickers, 1994).”
BackgroundMethod
Stress and Well-Being of University Staff: An Investigation Using the Demands-Resources-Individual Effects (DRIVE) Model and Well-Being Process Questionnaire (WPQ)
Williams, G., Thomas, K., & Smith, A. (2017) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2017.812124 · Cited by 67
“…now included personality measures, as it has been suggested that personality is a significant predictor of emotional well-being (Diener et al., 2003; Costa & McCrae, 1980; Dolan, Peasgood, & White, 2008) and that taking into account personality is important for increasing well-being (Diener, 2000).”
Background
The Italian version of the NEO PI-R: conceptual and empirical support for the use of targeted rotation
Terracciano, A. (2003) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(03)00035-7 · Cited by 70
Personality, event-related potential (ERP) and heart rate (HR) in emotional word processing ☆
Pascalis, V. D., Strippoli, E., Riccardi, P., & Vergari, F. (2004) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(03)00159-4 · Cited by 74
Perceived ethnic discrimination, acculturation, and psychological distress in women of Turkish origin in Germany
Aichberger, M. C., Bromand, Z., Rapp, M. A., Yesil, R., Montesinos, A. H., Temur-Erman, S., Heinz, A., & Schouler‐Ocak, M. (2015) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-015-1105-3 · Cited by 71
“Neuroticism may increase the impact of perceived discrimination; indeed, neuroticism was associated with negative affect [63] and rumination in clinically depressed [64, 65] and non-depressed individuals [65].”
Background
Neuroticism and introversion are associated with salivary cortisol patterns in adolescents
Hauner, K. K. Y., Adam, E. K., Mineka, S., Doane, L. D., DeSantis, A. S., Zinbarg, R. E., Craske, M. G., & Griffith, J. W. (2008) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.07.011 · Cited by 69
“…the role of neuroticism (N), a relatively enduring personality trait associated with a proneness to experience negative emotions and thoughts (e.g., Costa and McCrae, 1980; Eysenck, 1967)–— including anxiety, hostility, depression, self-consciousness, impulsiveness, and vulnerability (Costa and…”
Background
Predicting Cognitive and Social Consequences of Emotional Episodes: The Contribution of Emotional Intensity, the Five Factor Model, and Alexithymia
Luminet, O., Zech, E., Rimé, B., & Wagner, H. L. (2000) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1006/jrpe.2000.2286 · Cited by 69
The Belief in a Just World and Personality: A Meta-analysis
Nudelman, G. (2013) · Social Justice Research · doi:10.1007/s11211-013-0178-y · Cited by 75
The maturation of personality psychology: Adult personality development and psychological well-being
McCrae, R. R. (2002) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/s0092-6566(02)00011-9 · Cited by 72
Self-citation
Differential Age Trajectories of Positive and Negative Affect: Further Evidence From the Berlin Aging Study
Kunzmann, U. (2008) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/63.5.p261 · Cited by 69
“There also is research suggesting that extraversion is related to positive affect (but not negative affect), whereas neuroticism relates to negative affect (but not positive affect; see Costa & McCrae, 1980, 1984; DeNeve & Cooper, 1998; Heady & Wearing, 1989; McCrae & Costa, 1991).”
Background
Is it just a matter of personality? On the role of subjective well-being in childbearing behavior
Moglie, M. L., Mencarini, L., & Rapallini, C. (2015) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2015.07.006 · Cited by 73
Stressful events and information processing dispositions moderate the relationship between positive and negative affect: Implications for pain patients
Potter, P. T., Zautra, A., & Reich, J. W. (2000) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf02895113 · Cited by 77
“For example, neuroticism relates to NA, whereas PA correlates more prominently with extraversion ( 21 ).”
Background
Personality traits and the retrieval of positive and negative memories
Mayo, P. R. (1983) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(83)90076-4 · Cited by 69
Neuroticism in familial depression
Katz, R., & McGuffin, P. (1987) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700013052 · Cited by 69
How do simple positive activities increase well-being?
Layous, K., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2013) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e574802013-182 · Cited by 73
The relationship between areas of life satisfaction, personality, and overall life satisfaction: An integrated account
Malvaso, A., & Kang, W. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.894610 · Cited by 68
“Furthermore, there has been research into the relationship between personality and overall life satisfaction, the results have been mixed (Costa and McCrae, 1980; DeNeve and Cooper, 1998; Schimmack et al., 2004; Asthana, 2011; Baudin et al., 2011; Gale et al., 2013; Hosseinkhanzadeh and Taher, 2013; Kjell et al., 2013…”
Background
Continuance commitment and turnover: Examining the moderating role of negative affectivity and risk aversion
Vandenberghe, C., Panaccio, A. J., & Ayed, A. K. B. (2010) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1348/096317910x491848 · Cited by 68
Emotional memory function, personality structure and psychopathology: A neural system approach to the identification of vulnerability markers
Haas, B. W., & Canli, T. (2008) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.10.014 · Cited by 69
Do extraverts process social stimuli differently from introverts?
Fishman, I., Ng, R., & Bellugi, U. (2010) · Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17588928.2010.527434 · Cited by 80
“Extraverts And Social StimuliInna Fishman, Rowena Ng, and Ursula Bellugi Salk Institute – Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, La Jolla, CA, USA The personality trait of extraversion has been linked to the network of brain systems controlling sensitivity to cues of reward and generating approach…”
Further Evaluation of the Tripartite Structure of Subjective Well‐Being: Evidence From Longitudinal and Experimental Studies
Metler, S. J., & Busseri, M. A. (2015) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12233 · Cited by 77
Attitudinal Change in Elderly Citizens Toward Social Robots: The Role of Personality Traits and Beliefs About Robot Functionality
Damholdt, M. F., Nørskov, M., Yamazaki, R., Hakli, R., Hansen, C. V., Vestergaard, C., & Seibt, J. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01701 · Cited by 67
“This is in line with the relationship between Extraversion, positive emotionality and a preference toward social interactions reported in existing literature (Costa and McCrae, 1980).”
BackgroundResult
Long-term consequences of workplace bullying on sickness absence
Eriksen, T. L. M., Høgh, A., & Hansen, Å. M. (2016) · Labour Economics · doi:10.1016/j.labeco.2016.06.008 · Cited by 68
“people experience positive emotions and roughly corresponds to the extraversion personality factor (Costa and McCrae, 1980).”
Background
Film-induced incentive motivation and positive activation in relation to agentic and affiliative components of extraversion
Morrone-Strupinsky, J. V., Depue, R. A., Scherer, A. J., & White, T. L. (2000) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(99)00187-7 · Cited by 66
Happiness Recognition from Mobile Phone Data
Bogomolov, A., Lepri, B., & Pianesi, F. (2013) · 2013 International Conference on Social Computing · doi:10.1109/socialcom.2013.118 · Cited by 67
Hype or Help? A Longitudinal Field Study of Virtual World Use for Team Collaboration
Venkatesh, V., & Windeler, J. (2012) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.17705/1jais.00312 · Cited by 66
“Neurotic individuals are more likely to experience negative moods (Costa & McCrae, 1980), and negative moods during the early stages of technology use are known to have persistent, long-term negative effects on both intrinsic motivation and intention to use a technology (Venkatesh & Speier, 1999).”
Background
A meta‐analytic investigation of the personal and work‐related antecedents of work–family balance
Vaziri, H., Wayne, J. H., Casper, W. J., Lapierre, L., Greenhaus, J. H., Amirkamali, F., & Li, Y. (2021) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2594 · Cited by 96
Who benefits from psychosocial interventions in oncology? A systematic review of psychological moderators of treatment outcome
Tamagawa, R., Garland, S. N., Vaska, M. M., & Carlson, L. E. (2012) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-012-9398-0 · Cited by 68
“In contrast, extraversion, a personality characteristic of being active, energetic and outgoing (Costa & McCrae, 1980) was not found as a moderator in the same writing disclosure study (Zakowski et al., 2011).”
Background
The relationship between personality and affect over the lifespan
Wilson, K. E., & Gullone, E. (1999) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(99)00058-6 · Cited by 66
Individual differences in personality traits and anxiety about aging
Harris, L. A., & Dollinger, S. M. C. (2002) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00019-3 · Cited by 67
Identifying gender differences in the independent effects of personality and psychological well-being on two broad affect components of subjective well-being
Burns, R. A., & Machin, M. A. (2009) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.08.007 · Cited by 78
“Also, previously identiﬁed associations between personality and well-being were also supported (e.g. Costa & McCrae, 1980; DeNeve & Cooper, 1998; Diener & Lucas, 1999).”
Correlates of expressed and felt emotion during marital conflict: Satisfaction, personality, process, and outcome
Geist, R. L., & Gilbert, D. G. (1996) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(96)00049-9 · Cited by 67
Extraversion and life satisfaction: A cross‐cultural examination of student and nationally representative samples
Kim, H., Schimmack, U., Oishi, S., & Tsutsui, Y. (2017) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12339 · Cited by 69
“First, one influential theory suggests that Extraversion predicts life satisfaction because Extraversion increases the amount of positive affect, leading to a more positive hedonic balance, and a positive hedonic balance enhances life satisfaction (Costa & McCrae, 1980; Schimmack et al., 2002).”
BackgroundInfluential
Personality effects on attentional shifts to emotional charged cues: ERP, behavioural and HR data
Pascalis, V. D., & Speranza, O. (2000) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(99)00189-0 · Cited by 67
Dimensional Personality Profiles of Borderline Personality Disorder in Comparison with Other Personality Disorders and Healthy Controls
Pukrop, R. (2002) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.16.2.135.22550 · Cited by 66
Adaptation and Well-Being
Heyink, J. (1993) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1993.73.3f.1331 · Cited by 67
Mood and personality in Adulthood
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1996) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012464995-8/50021-2 · Cited by 72
Self-citation
Quality of life in adults with an intellectual disability: the Evaluation of Quality of Life Instrument
Nota, L., Soresi, S., & Perry, J. (2006) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00785.x · Cited by 66
Interactive Effects of Traits on Adjustment to a Life Transition
Bardi, A., & Ryff, C. D. (2007) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00462.x · Cited by 66
The Relationship between Subjective Well-being and Domain Satisfactions in South Africa
Møller, V., & Saris, W. E. (2001) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1023/a:1010851412273 · Cited by 66
“A third possibility, suggested in the literature by Costa and McCrae (1980, 1984) is that there are personality traits which cause subjective well-being and domain satisfactions to be more or less in line with each other.”
Background
Neuroticism and extraversion in different factors of the affect intensity measure
Williams, D. G. (1989) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(89)90261-4 · Cited by 66
An interactional approach to the study of personality and emotion
Emmons, R. A., & Diener, E. (1986) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1986.tb00400.x · Cited by 66
Neuroticism, coronary artery disease, and chest pain complaints: Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies
Costa, P. T., Fleg, J. L., McCrae, R. R., & Lakatta, E. G. (1982) · Experimental Aging Research · doi:10.1080/03610738208258393 · Cited by 66
Self-citation
Bem-estar psicológico: definição, avaliação e principais correlatos
Machado, W. D. L., & Bandeira, D. R. (2012) · Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas) · doi:10.1590/s0103-166x2012000400013 · Cited by 98
Relations Among Personality Traits, Mood States, and Driving Behaviors
Garrity, R. D., & Demick, J. (2001) · Journal of Adult Development · doi:10.1023/a:1026446002317 · Cited by 64
Emotional versus Cognitive Rumination: Are They Differentially Affecting Long‐term Psychological Health? The Impact of Stressors and Personality in Dental Students
Hamesch, U., Cropley, M., & Lang, J. (2014) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.2602 · Cited by 74
Personality, Emotion, and Mood in Agent-Based Group Decision Making
Santos, R., Marreiros, G., Ramos, C. A., et al. (2011) · IEEE Intelligent Systems · doi:10.1109/mis.2011.92 · Cited by 65
Neuroticism Modifies Psychophysiological Responses to Fearful Films
Reynaud, E., Khoury-Malhame, M. E., Rossier, J., Blin, O., & Khalfa, S. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032413 · Cited by 71
“reported negative affective states [15].”
Background
Active Use of the Natural Environment for Emotion Regulation
Johnsen, S. Å. K., & Rydstedt, L. W. (2013) · Europe’s Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5964/ejop.v9i4.633 · Cited by 64
“Meta-analytic and longitudinal studies have demonstrated the relevance of personality traits such as extraversion and neuroticism, but also conscientiousness, for positive and negative affecti (e.g., Costa & McCrae, 1980; Steel, Schmidt, & Shultz, 2008).”
Background
Importance of Self and Other in Defining Personality Pathology
Pincus, A. L., Cain, N. M., & Halberstadt, A. L. (2020) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000506313 · Cited by 72
Emotional Experience and Its Relation to the Five‐Factor Model in Estonian
Alllk, J., & Realo, A. (1997) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1997.tb00329.x · Cited by 64
Personality correlates of happiness and sadness: EPQ-R and TPQ compared
Stewart, M. E., Ebmeier, K. P., & Deary, I. J. (2004) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2004.07.007 · Cited by 63
“Extraversion correlates significantly with positive mood across a range of cultures whereas Neuroticism does not show such consistent correlations ( Costa & McCrae, 1980; Kardum & Hudek-Knezevic, 1996; Williams, 1990; Wilson & Gullone, 1999).”
BackgroundInfluential
Development of the Meaning in Life Measure
Hill, C. E., Kline, K. V., Miller, M. J., Marks, E., Pinto-Coelho, K. G., & Zetzer, H. A. (2018) · Counselling Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1080/09515070.2018.1434483 · Cited by 70
Plasma BDNF concentration, Val66Met genetic variant and depression- related personality traits
Terracciano, A., Martin, B., Ansari, D., Tanaka, T., Ferrucci, L., Maudsley, S., Mattson, M. P., & Costa, P. T. (2010) · Genes, Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1601-183x.2010.00579.x · Cited by 63
Self-citation
Well-Being and Control in Older Persons: The Prediction of Well-Being from Control Measures
Smits, C. H. M., Deeg, D. J. H., & Bosscher, R. J. (1995) · The International Journal of Aging and Human Development · doi:10.2190/jh5f-2xwh-y101-7ewf · Cited by 62
Insulin and Glucose
VITALIANO, P. P., Scanlan, J. M., Krenz, C., & Fujimoto, W. Y. (1996) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199609000-00011 · Cited by 63
“Neuroticism (a disposition to experience psychological distress even in the absence of overt stressors) ( 12 ) and hostility and anger, major correlates of neuroticism (13, 14), are associated with increased glucose.”
Background
Physical health, positive and negative affect, and personality: A longitudinal analysis
Finch, J. F., Baranik, L. E., Liu, Y., & West, S. G. (2012) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2012.05.013 · Cited by 64
“In earlier research, Costa and McCrae (1980) noted that NA correlates significantly with characteristics associated with Neuroticism, and PA correlates with characteristics associated with Extraversion.”
Background
Extraversion, alcohol, and enjoyment
Ruch, W. (1994) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(94)90113-9 · Cited by 62
Personality traits affecting judgement bias task performance in dogs (Canis familiaris)
Barnard, S., Wells, D. L., Milligan, A. D. S., Arnott, G., & Hepper, P. G. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-25224-y · Cited by 63
Extraversion, neuroticism and satisfaction with life among adolescents
Heaven, P. C. L. (1989) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(89)90029-9 · Cited by 62
Personality and Subjective Well-Being: What Hides Behind Global Analyses?
Albuquerque, I., de Lima, M. P., Matos, M., & Figueiredo, C. (2011) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-010-9780-7 · Cited by 69
“Since Costa and McCrae (1980) highlighted that happiness is associated with high levels of extraversion and low levels of neuroticism, the relation between traits and SWB has been persistently documented in various studies.”
Background
Mental Health, Occupational Trust, and Quality of Working Life: Does Belief in a Just World Matter?
Otto, K., Glaser, D., & Dalbert, C. (2009) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2009.00482.x · Cited by 61
“Moreover, several previous studies have shown that global personality traits influence work-related cognitions (e.g., Roberts, Caspi, & Moffitt, 2003) and mental health (e.g., Costa & McCrae, 1980).”
Result
The Role of Affective Dispositions in Job Satisfaction and Work Strain: Comparing Collectivist and Individualist Societies
Chiu, R. K., & Kosinski, F. A. (1999) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/002075999400078 · Cited by 61
Personality Correlates of Confidence in One's Decisions
Wolfe, R. N., & Grosch, J. W. (1990) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00241.x · Cited by 60
Personal and environmental correlates of happiness
Liu, L., Shih, J. B., Lin, Y. Y., & Ju, L. S. (1997) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(97)80011-6 · Cited by 64
“Costa and McCrae (Costa & McCrae, 1980,1984) have shown that these two personality traits can account for a significant variance in SWB, and indeed that they can even predict SWB 20 years later.”
BackgroundInfluential
Dynamic models of well-being: implications of affective events theory for expanding current views on personality and climate
Cropanzano, R., & Dasborough, M. T. (2015) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2015.1072245 · Cited by 68
Individual differences in emotion regulation goals: Does personality predict the reasons why people regulate their emotions?
Eldesouky, L., & English, T. (2018) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12430 · Cited by 73
Voices of the students: Adolescent well-being and social interactions during the emergent shift to online learning environments
Cockerham, D., Lin, L., Ndolo, S., & Schwartz, M. (2021) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-021-10601-4 · Cited by 61
“Affect is considered a major factor in well-being (Costa & McCrae, 1980; Watson & Clark, 1984), and the decline in well-being is reinforced by the high percentage of responses with negative valence when participants described their lives during the pandemic.”
Background
Who Can Buy Happiness?
Soto, C., & Luhmann, M. (2013) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550612444139 · Cited by 46
“…positive and negative affect, (b) different balances of positive and negative life events, and (c) different reactions to objectively similar events, all of which predict life satisfaction (Costa & McCrae, 1980; Headey & Wearing, 1989; Magnus, Diener, Fujita, & Pavot, 1993; McCrae & Costa, 1991).”
Background
Cognitive Function in Childhood and Lifetime Cognitive Change in Relation to Mental Wellbeing in Four Cohorts of Older People
Gale, C. R., Cooper, R., Craig, L., Elliott, J., Kuh, D., Richards, M., Starr, J. M., Whalley, L. J., & Deary, I. J. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044860 · Cited by 60
“[35,49] One large study of middle-aged twins estimated that socioeconomic position, educational attainment, income and marital status each explained less than 3% of the variance in wellbeing, while up to half the variance in how happy people felt was due to heritable personality traits.”
Background
The Youth Version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule: A Psychometric Validation
Wilson, K. E., Gullone, E., & Moss, S. A. (1998) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1017/s0813483900003077 · Cited by 58
Anxiety, depression and personality structure
del Barrio, V., Rosset, C. M., López-Martínez, R., & Olmedo, M. (1997) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(97)00030-5 · Cited by 60
Personality Correlates of Self-Appraised Problem Solving Ability: Problem Orientation and Trait Affectivity
Elliott, T. R., Herrick, S. M., MacNair, R. R., & Harkins, S. W. (1994) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6303_7 · Cited by 60
The Potential of Anamnestic Comparative Self-Assessment (ACSA) to Reduce Bias in the Measurement of Subjective Well-Being
Bernheim, J. L., Theuns, P., Mazaheri, M., Hofmans, J., Fliege, H., & Rose, M. (2006) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-005-4755-0 · Cited by 58
Do Orientations to Happiness Mediate the Associations Between Personality Traits and Subjective Well-Being?
Pollock, N. C., Noser, A. E., Holden, C. J., & Zeigler‐Hill, V. (2015) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-015-9617-9 · Cited by 69
Individual and social resources predicting well-being and functioning in the later years: Conceptual models, research and practice
Martin, P. (2002) · Ageing International · doi:10.1007/s12126-002-1000-6 · Cited by 61
Spouses and cats and their effects on human mood
Turner, D. C., Rieger, G., & Gygax, L. (2003) · Anthrozoös · doi:10.2752/089279303786992143 · Cited by 60
“As a consequence, mood states can affect general psychological well-being (Costa and McCrae 1980) and even physiological health (Costa et al.”
Background
Positive Affect and College Success
Nickerson, C. A. E., Diener, E., & Schwarz, N. (2010) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-010-9224-8 · Cited by 59
“…correlated with positive affect and happiness (e.g., Argyle and Lu 1990; Brebner 1998; Chamorro-Premuzic et al. 2007; Cheng and Furnham 2003; Costa and McCrae 1980; Emmons and Diener 1985, 1986; Francis 1999; Furnham and Brewin 1990; Hayes and Joseph 2003; Smith 1961, p. 23; Spangler and…”
Background
Neural Activity to a Partner's Facial Expression Predicts Self-Regulation After Conflict
Hooker, C. I., Gyurak, A., Verosky, S. C., Miyakawa, A., & Ayduk, Ö. N. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.10.014 · Cited by 57
Enhancing our understanding of physical activity and wellbeing with a lifespan perspective
Hyde, A. L., Maher, J. P., & Elavsky, S. (2013) · International Journal of Wellbeing · doi:10.5502/ijw.v3i1.6 · Cited by 60
The Ego Resiliency Scale Revised
Alessandri, G., Vecchione, M., Caprara, G. V., & Letzring, T. D. (2011) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000102 · Cited by 59
The Theory of Subjective Wellbeing Homeostasis: A Contribution to Understanding Life Quality
Cummins, R. A. (2015) · Social indicators research series · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20568-7_4 · Cited by 68
Measuring affective well-being at work using short-form scales: Implications for affective structures and participant instructions
Russell, E., & Daniels, K. (2018) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/0018726717751034 · Cited by 60
“At the highest level (1), researchers focus on trait-based aspects of affect – relatively stable constructs that are highly correlated with (and possible sub-factors of) personality constructs such as Neuroticism and Extraversion (Beal and Ghandour, 2011; Costa and McCrae, 1980; DeNeve and Cooper, 1998; Steel et al.,…”
Background
Dairy calves’ personality traits predict social proximity and response to an emotional challenge
Lecorps, B., Kappel, S., Weary, D. M., & von Keyserlingk, M. A. G. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-34281-2 · Cited by 58
“These results are consistent with the human literature showing that pessimistic people react more strongly to emotional challenges 37,38 .”
Result
The Relationship between Income and Satisfaction: The Effect of Measurement Error and Suppressor Variables
Saris, W. E. (2001) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1023/a:1026785328244 · Cited by 59
Personality moderates the interaction between positive and negative daily events predicting negative affect and stress
Peterson, J. L., DeHart, T., Tennen, H. A., & Armeli, S. (2009) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2009.02.006 · Cited by 58
“As a Big Five personality factor, Neuroticism characterizes individual differences in the predisposition to experience negative affect (e.g., Watson & Clark, 1984; McCrae & John, 1992; Costa & McCrae, 1980).”
Background
Declarative and Differential Aspects of Subjective Well-Being and Its Implications for Mental Health in Later Life
Shmotkin, D. (1998) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0098-2_2 · Cited by 60
The Role of Social Approach and Avoidance Motives for Subjective Well‐Being and the Successful Transition to Adulthood
Nikitin, J., & Freund, A. M. (2008) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00356.x · Cited by 58
Mechanisms of change in adolescent life satisfaction: A longitudinal analysis
Lyons, M. D., Huebner, E. S., Hills, K. J., & Horn, M. L. V. (2013) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2013.07.001 · Cited by 58
Towards a Comprehensive Understanding of Lead Userness: The Search for Individual Creativity
Faullant, R., Schwarz, E. J., Krajger, I., & Breitenecker, R. J. (2012) · Creativity and Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8691.2012.00626.x · Cited by 66
Thriving as a function of affective personality: relation to personality factors, coping strategies and stress
Norlander, T., Schedvin, H. V., & Archer, T. (2005) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615800500093777 · Cited by 55
The effects of a stress-management training program in individuals at risk in the community at large
Timmerman, I. G. H., Emmelkamp, P. M. G., & Sanderman, R. (1998) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00053-9 · Cited by 58
The Importance of Social Relationships for Infertile Couples’ Well-Being
Abbey, A., Andrews, F. M., & Halman, L. J. (1991) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0753-0_4 · Cited by 60
The Development of an Instrument to Measure Quality of Life in Mexico City
Lever, J. P. (2000) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1023/a:1006994819581 · Cited by 57
Does parenthood increase happiness? Evidence for Poland
Baranowska, A. (2012) · Vienna Yearbook of Population Research · doi:10.1553/populationyearbook2011s307 · Cited by 57
“The difficulty lies in arising selection problems as some of the unobserved individual characteristics such as extraversion or neuroticism may have an impact on self-rated happiness and simultaneously affect decisions about family formation (Costa and McCrae 1980; Tavares 2008).”
Background

Authors: Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
ORCID: Costa, Paul T.
McCrae, Robert R.
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1980
Volume: 38
Issue: 4
Pages: 668-678
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.38.4.668
OpenAlex: W2157483908
Cited by: 2,652
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 45 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 83 · 2022: 79 · 2021: 92 · 2020: 134 · 2019: 98 · 2018: 97 · 2017: 107 · 2016: 97 · 2015: 108 · 2014: 119 · 2013: 100 · 2012: 101
FWCI: 16.53
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords: extraversion, neuroticism, subjective well-being, happiness, positive affect, negative affect, personality traits, adaptation-level theory
MeSH terms: Extraversion, Psychological, Happiness, Humans, Male, Neurotic Disorders, Personal Satisfaction

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective well-being: Happy and unhappy people

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks