The evolutionary genetics of personality

Penke, Lars; Denissen, Jaap J. A.; Miller, Geoffrey F.

doi:10.1002/per.629

Cited by 610Evolutionary Psychology and Human BehaviorAnimal Behavior and ReproductionPersonality Traits and Psychology

The evolutionary genetics of personality

Penke, Lars, Denissen, Jaap J. A., Miller, Geoffrey F.·2007·European Journal of Personality

DOI 10.1002/per.629

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Abstract

Genetic influences on personality differences are ubiquitous, but their nature is not well understood. A theoretical framework might help, and can be provided by evolutionary genetics. We assess three evolutionary genetic mechanisms that could explain genetic variance in personality differences: selective neutrality, mutation‐selection balance, and balancing selection. Based on evolutionary genetic theory and empirical results from behaviour genetics and personality psychology, we conclude that selective neutrality is largely irrelevant, that mutation‐selection balance seems best at explaining genetic variance in intelligence, and that balancing selection by environmental heterogeneity seems best at explaining genetic variance in personality traits. We propose a general model of heritable personality differences that conceptualises intelligence as fitness components and personality traits as individual reaction norms of genotypes across environments, with different fitness consequences in different environmental niches. We also discuss the place of mental health in the model. This evolutionary genetic framework highlights the role of gene‐environment interactions in the study of personality, yields new insight into the person‐situation‐debate and the structure of personality, and has practical implications for both quantitative and molecular genetic studies of personality. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Natural selection maintains genetic variation when multiple ecological niches allow genotype-niche matching, when fluctuating selection pressures are stronger than unidirectional selection, or when genotype fitness depends on frequency.
“Natural selection tends to maintain genetic variation when there are multiple ecological niches in the environment, and individuals are able to select the niche that best fits their genotype (and expressed phenotype; Wilson, 1994); or when temporally changing environments produce fluctuating selection pressures that are stronger than any unidirectional selection pressure, and alternative genotypes”
From The Adaptive Calibration Model of stress responsivity (2011) · cites this paper as Penke et al., 2007

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The Dark Triad of personality: A 10 year review
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Authors: Penke, L., Denissen, J. J. A., & Miller, G. F.
Affiliations: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE)
Utrecht University (NL)
University of New Mexico (US)
ORCID: Penke, Lars
Denissen, Jaap J. A.
Miller, Geoffrey F.
Venue: European Journal of Personality
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2007-08
Volume: 21
Issue: 5
Pages: 549-587
ISSN: 0890-2070 (ISSN-L)
1099-0984
DOI: 10.1002/per.629
OpenAlex: W2147567574
Cited by: 610
References: 379
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 38
FWCI: 33.80
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: European Journal of Personality (publishedVersion)
GRO (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Keywords: personality evolution, selective neutrality, mutation-selection balance, balancing selection, environmental heterogeneity, reaction norms, gene-environment interaction, mental health, person-situation debate, personality structure

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The evolutionary genetics of personality

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