Do conscientious individuals live longer? A quantitative review.

Kern, Margaret L.; Friedman, Howard S.

doi:10.1037/0278-6133.27.5.505

Cited by 464Personality Traits and PsychologyPsychological Well-being and Life SatisfactionBehavioral Health and Interventions

Do conscientious individuals live longer? A quantitative review.

Kern, Margaret L., Friedman, Howard S.·2008·Health Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0278-6133.27.5.505

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Following up on growing evidence that higher levels of conscientiousness are associated with greater health protection, the authors conducted a meta-analysis of the association between conscientiousness-related traits and longevity. DESIGN: Using a random-effects analysis model, the authors statistically combined 20 independent samples. In addition, the authors used fixed-effects analyses to examine specific facets of conscientiousness and study characteristics as potential moderators of this relationship. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effect sizes were computed for each individual sample as the correlation coefficient r, based on the relationship between conscientiousness and mortality risk (all-cause mortality risk, longevity, or length of survival). RESULTS: Higher levels of conscientiousness were significantly and positively related to longevity (r = .11, 95% confidence interval = .05-.17). Associations were strongest for the achievement (persistent, industrious) and order (organized, disciplined) facets of conscientiousness. CONCLUSION: Results strongly support the importance of conscientiousness-related traits to health across the life span. Future research and interventions should consider how individual differences in conscientiousness may cause and be shaped by health-relevant biopsychosocial events across many years.

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Self-citation

Authors: Kern, M. L., & Friedman, H. S.
Affiliations: University of California, Riverside (US)
ORCID: Kern, Margaret L.
Friedman, Howard S.
Venue: Health Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2008-09
Volume: 27
Issue: 5
Pages: 505-512
ISSN: 0278-6133 (ISSN-L)
1930-7810
DOI: 10.1037/0278-6133.27.5.505
OpenAlex: W2097694521
Cited by: 464
References: 74
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 95 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 42
FWCI: 21.32
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Health Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (AG08825, AG027001)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
Keywords: conscientiousness, personality traits, longevity, mortality risk, all-cause mortality, personality and health
MeSH terms: Health Status, Humans, Longevity, Personality, Social Responsibility

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Do conscientious individuals live longer? A quantitative review.

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