Cited by 375Death Anxiety and Social ExclusionDeath, Funerary Practices, and MourningReligion, Spirituality, and Psychology

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Literal and symbolic immortality: The effect of evidence of literal immortality on self-esteem striving in response to mortality salience.

Dechesne, Mark, Pyszczynski, Tom, Arndt, Jamie, Ransom, Sean, Sheldon, Kennon M., van Knippenberg, Ad, Janssen, Jacques·2003·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.722

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Abstract

Three studies investigated the effect of encouraging participants to believe in an afterlife on the relationship between mortality salience and self-esteem striving. Participants were exposed to essays arguing either in favor of or against the existence of an afterlife, and reminded about death or a control topic. Mortality salience led to increased accuracy ratings of a positive personality description (Studies 1 and 2) and increased striving for and defense of values (Study 3) among participants who read the essay arguing against an afterlife, but not among participants who read the essay in favor of it. The implications for the terror management analysis of self-esteem, the appeal of immortality beliefs, and the interplay between self-esteem striving and spiritual pursuits are discussed.

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Authors: Dechesne, M., Pyszczynski, T., Arndt, J., Ransom, S., Sheldon, K. M., van Knippenberg, A., & Janssen, J.
Affiliations: Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
University of Colorado Colorado Springs (US)
University of Missouri (US)
ORCID: Dechesne, Mark
Pyszczynski, Tom
Sheldon, Kennon M.
van Knippenberg, Ad
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2003
Volume: 84
Issue: 4
Pages: 722-737
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.722
OpenAlex: W1982592484
Cited by: 375
References: 58
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 20
FWCI: 14.90
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Social Sciences › Anthropology › Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning
Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
Keywords: mortality salience, afterlife beliefs, symbolic immortality, terror management theory, spiritual pursuit, fear of death
MeSH terms: Affect, Attitude to Death, Culture, Death, Feedback, Humans, Personality, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reading, Self Concept, Symbolism, Time Factors

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Literal and symbolic immortality: The effect of evidence of literal immortality on self-esteem striving in response to mortality salience.

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