The DOI matches its Crossref record; 69 of the 69 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Individual differences in the regulation of intergroup bias: The role of conflict monitoring and neural signals for control.
Abstract
Low-prejudice people vary considerably in their ability to regulate intergroup responses. The authors hypothesized that this variability arises from a neural mechanism for monitoring conflict between automatic race-biased tendencies and egalitarian intentions. In Study 1, they found that low-prejudice participants whose nonprejudiced responses are motivated by internal (but not external) factors exhibited better control on a stereotype-inhibition task than did participants motivated by a combination of internal and external factors. This difference was associated with greater conflict-monitoring activity, measured by event-related potentials, when responses required stereotype inhibition. Study 2 demonstrated that group differences were specific to response control in the domain of prejudice. Results indicate that conflict monitoring, a preconscious component of response control, accounts for variability in intergroup bias among low-prejudice participants.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“CRN amplitude enhancement has also been shown in response to successful stereotype control related to ethnic group membership (Amodio, 2008;Amodio, Devine, & Harmon-Jones, 2008).”
From Interplay of self-other distinction and cognitive control mechanisms in a social automatic imitation task: An ERP study (2021) · cites this paper as Amodio, Devine, & Harmon-Jones, 2008
Citations
Cites
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 · Cited by 91,532
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1983) · Cited by 79,882
The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1104_01 · Cited by 34,210
Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Cohen, P., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410606266 · Cited by 20,870
(1954) · Cited by 15,935
An Integrative Theory of Prefrontal Cortex Function
Miller, E. K., & Cohen, J. D. (2001) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.167 · Cited by 12,803
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. B
Press, H. (1886) · Cited by 10,087
A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology.
Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1960) · Journal of Consulting Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0047358 · Cited by 8,686
Conflict monitoring and cognitive control
Botvinick, M. M., Braver, T. S., Barch, D. M., Carter, C. S., & Cohen, J. D. (2001) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.108.3.624 · Cited by 7,351
Effects of noise letters upon the identification of a target letter in a nonsearch task
Eriksen, B. A., & Eriksen, C. W. (1974) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03203267 · Cited by 7,230
(1999) · Cited by 6,104
Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components
Devine, P. G. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.56.1.5 · Cited by 5,673
Self-citationImplementation intentions: Strong effects of simple plans.
Gollwitzer, P. M. (1999) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.54.7.493 · Cited by 5,478
Holroyd, C. B., & Coles, M. G. H. (2002) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.109.4.679 · Cited by 4,027
A process dissociation framework: Separating automatic from intentional uses of memory
Jacoby, L. L. (1991) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/0749-596x(91)90025-f · Cited by 3,817
Specific impairments of planning
Shallice, T. (1982) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1982.0082 · Cited by 3,741
MacDonald, A. W., Cohen, J. D., Stenger, V. A., & Carter, C. S. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.288.5472.1835 · Cited by 3,666
Anterior Cingulate Cortex, Error Detection, and the Online Monitoring of Performance
Carter, C. S., Braver, T. S., Barch, D. M., Botvinick, M. M., Noll, D., & Cohen, J. D. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.280.5364.747 · Cited by 3,273
Anterior Cingulate Conflict Monitoring and Adjustments in Control
Kerns, J. G., Cohen, J. D., MacDonald, A. W., Cho, R. Y., Stenger, V. A., & Carter, C. S. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1089910 · Cited by 2,891
A neural system for error detection and compensation
Gehring, W. J., Goss, B., Coles, M. G. H., Meyer, D. E., & Donchin, E. (1993) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00586.x · Cited by 2,862
DMDX: A Windows display program with millisecond accuracy
Forster, K. I., & Forster, J. C. (2003) · Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers · doi:10.3758/bf03195503 · Cited by 2,804
Conflict monitoring versus selection-for-action in anterior cingulate cortex
Botvinick, M., Nystrom, L. E., Fissell, K., Carter, C. S., & Cohen, J. D. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/46035 · Cited by 2,044
A Solution for Reliable and Valid Reduction of Ocular Artifacts, Applied to the P300 ERP
Semlitsch, H. V., Anderer, P., Schuster, P., & Presslich, O. (1986) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1986.tb00696.x · Cited by 2,024
The neural basis of error detection: Conflict monitoring and the error-related negativity
Yeung, N., Botvinick, M. M., & Cohen, J. D. (2004) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.111.4.931 · Cited by 1,924
Falkenstein, M., Hohnsbein, J., Hoormann, J., & Blanke, L. (1991) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(91)90062-9 · Cited by 1,706
Internal and external motivation to respond without prejudice.
Plant, E. A., & Devine, P. G. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.3.811 · Cited by 1,689
Self-citationImplicit and explicit prejudice and interracial interaction.
Dovidio, J. F., Kawakami, K., & Gaertner, S. L. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.82.1.62 · Cited by 1,567
Prejudice, Discrimination and Racism
Beer, W. R., Dovidio, J. F., & Gaertner, S. L. (1988) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2069383 · Cited by 1,491
Gaertner, S. L., & Dovidio, J. F. (1986) · Cited by 1,374
The Timing of Action-Monitoring Processes in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex
van Veen, V., & Carter, C. S. (2002) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/08989290260045837 · Cited by 1,332
Localization of a Neural System for Error Detection and Compensation
Dehaene, S., Posner, M. I., & Tucker, D. M. (1994) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1994.tb00630.x · Cited by 1,255
Nieuwenhuis, S., Ridderinkhof, K. R., Blom, J., Band, G. P. H., & Kok, A. (2001) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/1469-8986.3850752 · Cited by 1,170
Mental contamination and mental correction: Unwanted influences on judgments and evaluations.
Wilson, T. D., & Brekke, N. (1994) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.116.1.117 · Cited by 1,157 · cited 2×
“Most previous models (e.g., Wegener & Petty, 1997; Wilson & Brekke, 1994 ) focus on the deliberative process of detecting the presence of bias and deciding to initiate control (but see Gollwitzer, 1999).”
BackgroundMethodPrejudice and perception: The role of automatic and controlled processes in misperceiving a weapon.
Payne, B. K. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.81.2.181 · Cited by 1,151
On the nature of self-monitoring: Matters of assessment, matters of validity.
Snyder, M., & Gangestad, S. W. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.1.125 · Cited by 1,068
Errors and error correction in choice-response tasks.
Rabbitt, P. (1966) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0022853 · Cited by 1,024
Principles of psychophysiology : physical, social, and inferential elements
Cacioppo, J. T., & Tassinary, L. G. (1990) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · Cited by 780
Devine, P. G., Plant, E. A., Amodio, D. M., Harmon-Jones, E., & Vance, S. L. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.82.5.835 · Cited by 720
Self-citationSeparable Neural Components in the Processing of Black and White Faces
Cunningham, W. A., Johnson, M. K., Raye, C. L., Gatenby, J. C., Gore, J. C., & Banaji, M. R. (2004) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00760.x · Cited by 703
Handbook of research methods in clinical psychology
(2003) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.41-2486 · Cited by 701
An Individual Difference Measure of Motivation to Control Prejudiced Reactions
Dunton, B. C., & Fázio, R. H. (1997) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167297233009 · Cited by 683
Error processing and the rostral anterior cingulate: An event-related fMRI study
Kiehl, K. A., Liddle, P. F., & Hopfinger, J. B. (2000) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/1469-8986.3720216 · Cited by 676
Amodio, D. M., & Devine, P. G. (2006) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.91.4.652 · Cited by 574
Self-citationPrejudice with and without compunction
Devine, P. G., Monteith, M. J., Zuwerink, J. R., & Elliot, A. J. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.60.6.817 · Cited by 572
Self-citationSelf-regulation of prejudiced responses: Implications for progress in prejudice-reduction efforts
Monteith, M. J. (1993) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.65.3.469 · Cited by 556
Kawakami, K., Dovidio, J. F., Moll, J., Hermsen, S., & Russin, A. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.78.5.871 · Cited by 553
Luu, P., Collins, P., & Tucker, D. M. (2000) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.129.1.43 · Cited by 540
Preconscious control of stereotype activation through chronic egalitarian goals.
Moskowitz, G. B., Gollwitzer, P. M., Wasel, W., & Schaal, B. (1999) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.1.167 · Cited by 500
The Flexible Correction Model: The Role of Naive Theories of Bias in Bias Correction
Wegener, D. T., & Petty, R. E. (1997) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60017-9 · Cited by 471
Functions of the Medial Frontal Cortex in the Processing of Conflict and Errors
Gehring, W. J., & Fencsik, D. E. (2001) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-23-09430.2001 · Cited by 438
Event-related brain potentials.
Fabiani, M., Gratton, G., & Federmeier, K. D. (1990) · Cited by 434
College Students’ Racial Attitudes
Brigham, J. C. (1993) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01074.x · Cited by 390
Strategic control and medial frontal negativity: Beyond errors and response conflict
Bartholow, B. D., Pearson, M. A., Dickter, C. L., Sher, K. J., Fabiani, M., & Gratton, G. (2005) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2005.00258.x · Cited by 387
Brain Regions Responsive to Novelty in the Absence of Awareness
Berns, G. S., Cohen, J. D., & Mintun, M. A. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.276.5316.1272 · Cited by 367
Neural Signals for the Detection of Unintentional Race Bias
Amodio, D. M., Harmon‐Jones, E., Devine, P. G., Curtin, J. J., Hartley, S. L., & Covert, A. E. (2004) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.01502003.x · Cited by 352
Self-citationPayne, B. K. (2005) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.89.4.488 · Cited by 336
Putting the brakes on prejudice: On the development and operation of cues for control.
Monteith, M. J., Ashburn‐Nardo, L., Voils, C. I., & Czopp, A. M. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.5.1029 · Cited by 318
Amodio, D. M., Devine, P. G., & Harmon-Jones, E. (2007) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01933.x · Cited by 274
Self-citationAmodio, D. M., Harmon-Jones, E., & Devine, P. G. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.738 · Cited by 257
Self-citationPayne, B. K., Lambert, A. J., & Jacoby, L. L. (2002) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0022-1031(02)00006-9 · Cited by 211
Perception and expression of emotion in right-handers and left-handers
Heller, W., & Levy, J. (1981) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(81)90110-x · Cited by 209
Bartholow, B. D., Dickter, C. L., & Sestir, M. A. (2006) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.90.2.272 · Cited by 168
Automaticity and control in stereotyping.
Devine, P. G., & Monteith, M. J. (1999) · Cited by 161
Self-citationLambert, A. J., Payne, B. K., Jacoby, L. L., Shaffer, L. M., Chasteen, A. L., & Khan, S. R. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.84.2.277 · Cited by 155
Alternative mechanisms for regulating racial responses according to internalvsexternal cues
Amodio, D. M., Kubota, J. T., Harmon‐Jones, E., & Devine, P. G. (2006) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsl002 · Cited by 112
Self-citationMonteith, M. J., & Voils, C. I. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.75.4.901 · Cited by 98
Plant, E. A., Devine, P. G., & Brazy, P. C. (2003) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/1368430203006002004 · Cited by 62
Self-citationAutomatic stereotypes vs. automatic prejudice: Sorting out the possibilities in the weapon paradigm
Judd, C. M., Blair, I. V., & Chapleau, K. M. (2003) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0022-1031(03)00063-5 · Cited by 55
Research methods in adult psychopathology.
Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Raniere, D., & Dyller, I. M. (1999) · Cited by 38
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The neuroscience of prejudice and stereotyping
Amodio, D. M. (2014) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3800 · Cited by 618
Self-citationEmotional foundations of cognitive control
Inzlicht, M., Bartholow, B. D., & Hirsh, J. B. (2015) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2015.01.004 · Cited by 542
Understanding all inconsistency compensation as a palliative response to violated expectations
Proulx, T., Inzlicht, M., & Harmon‐Jones, E. (2012) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2012.04.002 · Cited by 432
Self-citationJost, J. T., Rudman, L. A., Blair, I. V., Carney, D. R., Dasgupta, N., Glaser, J., & Hardin, C. D. (2009) · Research in Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.riob.2009.10.001 · Cited by 353
Dovidio, J. F., & Gaertner, S. L. (2010) · Handbook of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/9780470561119.socpsy002029 · Cited by 218
Metadata
- Authors
- Amodio, D. M., Devine, P. G., & Harmon-Jones, E.
- Affiliations
- New York University (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2008-01
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 60-74
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2154504519
- Cited by
- 259
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 64.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2008-02-18)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (BCS-9910702; BCS 0350435)
- National Institutes of Health (T32-MH18931)
- APA
- University of Wisconsin
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Keywords
- intergroup bias, prejudice, conflict monitoring, response control, individual differences, motivation, event-related potentials
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Black or African American, Cognition, Conflict, Psychological, Evoked Potentials, Female, Group Processes, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Models, Psychological, Motivation, Neuropsychology, Prejudice, United States, White People
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
