The DOI matches its Crossref record; 195 of the 195 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Exposure and affect: Overview and meta-analysis of research, 1968–1987.
Abstract
L'auteur analyse les effets de variables methodologiques (type et complexite du stimulus, intervalle de presentation, temps d'exposition) et de variables subjectives (âge d'exposition, personnalite) sur la sensibilite du sujet aux stimulus de toutes sortes. Il conclut sur l'interet methodologique de sa recherche, ainsi que sur ses apports pratiques (publicite, traitement de la phobie)
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In the citing paper
“In general, individuals prefer the familiar to the unknown because more risks are involved about the unknown [49,50].”
From Consumer Responses to Generative AI Chatbots Versus Search Engines for Product Evaluation (2025) · cites this paper as [50]
In the citing paper
“Research in psychology has shown that repeated exposure to a stimulus increases preference for it even when listeners are unaware of the repetition (Zajonc 1968;Bornstein 1989)”
From The Algorithmic Flattening of Sound: Computational Evidence and Justice Implications of AI Music Homogenization (2026) · cites this paper as Bornstein 1989
Citations
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The Evolution of Aesthetics: A Review of Models
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“This co-called “mere exposure effect” is arguably the most studied phenomenon in empirical aesthetics, being supported by experiments with photographs, paintings, music, simple sounds, nonsense words or shapes (Bornstein 1989).”
BackgroundEffects of Message Repetition and Negativity on Credibility Judgments and Political Attitudes
Ernst, N., Kühne, R., & Wirth, W. (2017) · International journal of communication · doi:10.5167/uzh-139745 · Cited by 17
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“However, repeated exposure to unfamiliar stimuli can reduce this effect and increase one’s inclination to the stimuli via the mere exposure effect across a variety of situations (Bornstein 1989; Montoya et al.”
BackgroundThe Contribution of Attention to the Mere Exposure Effect for Parts of Advertising Images
Yagi, Y., & Inoue, K. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01635 · Cited by 20
Cognitive basis for the development of aesthetic preference: Findings from symmetry preference
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Loersch, C., McCaslin, M. J., & Petty, R. E. (2011) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2011.03.024 · Cited by 16
“That is, across paradigms, it has repeatedly been shown that associative processes such as those involved in mere exposure or evaluative conditioning can impact people's explicit evaluations (e.g., Bornstein, 1989; Jones, Fazio, & Olson, 2009; Murphy & Zajonc, 1993; Riketta & Dauenheimer, 2003).”
BackgroundA Gaze-Driven Evolutionary Algorithm to Study Aesthetic Evaluation of Visual Symmetry
Makin, A. D. J., Bertamini, M., Jones, A., Holmes, T., & Zanker, J. M. (2016) · i-Perception · doi:10.1177/2041669516637432 · Cited by 16
“Meanwhile, it has long been known that mere exposure to stimulus can increase its appeal (Bornstein, 1989; Zajonc, 1968).”
BackgroundKoo, M., Shavitt, S., Lalwani, A. K., & Chinchanachokchai, S. (2020) · International Journal of Research in Marketing · doi:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2020.03.004 · Cited by 17
Sreetharan, S., Schlesinger, J. J., & Schutz, M. (2021) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103432 · Cited by 16
Twyman, M. D., Newman, D. A., DeChurch, L. A., & Contractor, N. (2021) · Social Networks · doi:10.1016/j.socnet.2021.04.008 · Cited by 17
Pogorelov, K., Schroeder, D. T., Filkuková, P., Brenner, S., & Langguth, J. (2021) · doi:10.1145/3472720.3483617 · Cited by 22
Wieland, M., von Nordheim, G., & Königslöw, K. K. (2021) · Media and Communication · doi:10.17645/mac.v9i4.4241 · Cited by 25
Measuring Attitudes Toward Sponsor And Purchase Intention
Nguyen, D. T., & Thong, V. H. (2022) · Cogent Business & Management · doi:10.1080/23311975.2022.2049961 · Cited by 16
Dekhil, F. (2010) · International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship · doi:10.1108/ijsms-11-02-2010-b005 · Cited by 16
Assessing social approachability: Individual differences, in-group biases, and experimental control.
Campbell, D. W., Neuert, T., Friesen, K. B., & McKeen, N. A. (2010) · Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement · doi:10.1037/a0020229 · Cited by 16
“Consistent with previous traditional mere-exposure studies (Bornstein, 1989; Claypool et al., 2007; Harrison, 1977; Kunst-Wilson & Zajonc, 1980; Zajonc et al., 1968), participants in the current study rated familiarised faces as more approachable than novel faces.”
BackgroundResultBjørnestad, J. R., Joa, I., Larsen, T. K., Langeveld, J., Davidson, L., Hegelstad, W. T. V., Anda, L. G., Veseth, M., Melle, I. S., Johannessen, J. O., et al. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01491 · Cited by 17
A new frontier: alcohol sponsorship activation through esports
Kelly, S. J., & der Leij, D. V. (2020) · Marketing Intelligence & Planning · doi:10.1108/mip-03-2020-0101 · Cited by 16
Digital Footprints as Collateral for Debt CollectionPreprint
Dai, L., Han, J., Shi, J., & Zhang, B. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4135159 · Cited by 16
Kim, H., Jiang, J., & Bruce, N. I. (2020) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1007/s11747-020-00741-3 · Cited by 15
“For example, a firm can improve its attractiveness by enthusiastically communicating with consumers (Bornstein 1989; Johnson et al. 2005).”
BackgroundThe mere exposure effect of tweets on vote choice
Kim, H. (2021) · Journal of Information Technology & Politics · doi:10.1080/19331681.2021.1900979 · Cited by 15
“However, other scholars contend that stimulus features such as fluency are interpreted through the cognitive processing of information, which, in turn, gives rise to an emotional reaction when a mere exposure effect takes place (Bornstein, 1989).”
BackgroundSeo, Y., Ravazzani, S., Jun, H., Jin, Y., Butera, A., Mazzei, A., & Reber, B. H. (2021) · Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research · doi:10.30658/jicrcr.4.3.3 · Cited by 15
Discovery Dynamics: Leveraging Repeated Exposure for User and Music Characterization
Sguerra, B., Tran, V.-A., & Hennequin, R. (2022) · ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys) · doi:10.1145/3523227.3551474 · Cited by 15
The Impact of Political Memes: a Longitudinal Field Experiment
galipeau, T. (2022) · Journal of Information Technology & Politics · doi:10.1080/19331681.2022.2150737 · Cited by 25
“Studies have found that small and repetitive exposure to political messages can change people’s minds (Bornstein, 1989; Cacioppo & Petty, 1989; Kam & Zechmeister, 2013; Miller, 1976; Pennycook, Cannon, & Rand, 2018).”
BackgroundRovetti, J., Sumantry, D. M., & Russo, F. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-29082-1 · Cited by 15
Li, Q., Park, J., & Kim, J. (2023) · Data Technologies and Applications · doi:10.1108/dta-08-2022-0342 · Cited by 18
Husselman, T.-A., Filho, E., Zugic, L., Threadgold, E., & Ball, L. J. (2024) · Journal of Intelligence · doi:10.3390/jintelligence12040042 · Cited by 19
Mere exposure has differential effects on attention allocation to threatening and neutral stimuli
Young, S. G., & Claypool, H. M. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2009.10.015 · Cited by 15
Chonody, J. M., Kavanagh, P. S., & Woodford, M. R. (2016) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2016.1172863 · Cited by 15
“Contact is an important component of attitude formation, and according to the mere exposure effect (Bornstein, 1989), familiarity can breed liking.”
BackgroundExperimental Analysis of Attitudes: The Factorial-Survey Approach
Herzog, S. (2017) · Open Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.4236/jss.2017.51011 · Cited by 15
“There have been many replications of the mere exposure effect (see only as an example, Mita, Dermer & Knight, 1977 [28]), and many reviews of the literature, and also meta-analyses, have confirmed that it is a highly pervasive and robust phenomenon (see Bornstein, 1989 [29]).”
BackgroundSocial Workers’ Perceptions of the Association Between Role Playing Games and Psychopathology
Ben‐Ezra, M., Lis, E., Błachnio, A., Ring, L., Lavenda, O., & Shamir, M. M. (2017) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-017-9526-7 · Cited by 15
“familiarity induced by prior exposure may lead to more positive judgments [7, 8].”
BackgroundMungan, E., Akan, M., & Bilge, M. T. (2019) · New Ideas in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2019.02.002 · Cited by 20
Countering misinformation: Strategies, challenges, and uncertainties
Peter, C., & Koch, T. (2019) · Studies in Communication and Media · doi:10.5771/2192-4007-2019-4-431 · Cited by 16
“This, in turn, leads to a feeling of familiarity and recipients tend to misattribute this feeling to the credibility of the statement (also known as the illusion of truth effect, Bornstein, 1989; Reber & Schwarz, 1999).”
BackgroundReplicating and extending the effects of auditory religious cues on dishonest behavior
Nichols, A. D., Lang, M., Kavanagh, C. M., Kundt, R., Yamada, J., Dan Ariely, C., & Mitkidis, P. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237007 · Cited by 21
Denter, P. (2020) · European Economic Review · doi:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2020.103459 · Cited by 15
Towards Psychologically-Grounded Dynamic Preference Models
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Major-Minor Tonality, Schenkerian Prolongation, and Emotion: A commentary on Huron and Davis (2012)
Parncutt, R. (2013) · Empirical Musicology Review · doi:10.18061/emr.v7i3-4.3731 · Cited by 15
“The mere exposure effect (Bornstein, 1989; Zajonc, 1968) has been repeatedly confirmed for music: the more often people are exposed to a particular piece or style of music, the more they like it (e.g., Peretz, Gaudreau, & Bonnel, 1998; Szpunar, Schellenberg, & Pliner, 2004).”
BackgroundMusicus, A. A., Tal, A., & Wansink, B. C. (2014) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916514528793 · Cited by 15
“Repeated exposure, strengthened by the greater attention these characters draw, would generate greater processing fluency (Bornstein, 1989).”
Time to Cut Up Those Debit Cards? Effect of Payment Mode on Willingness to Spend
Moore, A., & Taylor, M. (2011) · Journal of Consumer Policy · doi:10.1007/s10603-011-9172-7 · Cited by 15
Do People Look Like their Dogs?
Coren, S. (1999) · Anthrozoös · doi:10.2752/089279399787000336 · Cited by 15
Best practices: How to evaluate psychological science for use by organizations
Fiske, S. T., & Borgida, E. (2011) · Research in Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.riob.2011.10.003 · Cited by 15
Wirtz, B. W., Piehler, R., Rieger, V., & Daiser, P. (2016) · Public Administration Quarterly · doi:10.1177/073491491604000102 · Cited by 15
“The effects of awareness have been extensively researched and have even been developed into an entire psychological phenomenon called the mere-exposure effect (Bornstein 1989).”
BackgroundLópez-Espinoza, A., Moreno, A. G. M., Cervantes, V. G. A., Estrada, J. G. S., Navarro-Meza, M., Reyes-Castillo, Z., García-Sánchez, N. E., & Jiménez-Briseño, A. (2018) · Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios/Mexican Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.22201/fesi.20071523e.2018.1.465 · Cited by 15
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“For example, the mere exposure effect is well-documented in psychology (e.g., Bornstein, 1989).”
BackgroundVieillard, S., Ronat, L. A., Baccarani, A., Schaal, B., Baudouin, J., & Brochard, R. (2020) · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition · doi:10.1080/13825585.2020.1799926 · Cited by 15
“Even though the number of exposures was not specifically manipulated in order to test the well-known mereexposure effect hypothesis, our findings support the fact that people generally report a preference for what they are familiar with (Bornstein, 1989; Zajonc, 1968, 1980).”
ResultRobinson, B. M., & Elias, L. J. (2005) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.100.2.365-372 · Cited by 15
Preference formation and working memory in Parkinson's disease and normal ageing
Cox, S. M. L., Stefanova, E. D., Johnsrude, I. S., Robbins, T. W., & Owen, A. M. (2002) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(01)00093-8 · Cited by 15
“Keywords: Conditioned preferences; Reward; Familiarity; Age effects; Dorsal striatum; Prefrontal cortex”
BackgroundInterventions to Reduce Sexual Minority Stigma in Sororities
Hussey, H. D., & Bisconti, T. L. (2010) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918361003609184 · Cited by 15
Easing in: Fluent processing brings others into the ingroup
Claypool, H. M., Housley, M. K., Hugenberg, K., Bernstein, M. J., & Mackie, D. M. (2012) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/1368430212439115 · Cited by 15
An individualised psychological approach to measuring influences on consumer preferences
Conner, M. T. (1994) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2171-6_7 · Cited by 15
on the futility of attempting to demonstrate null awareness
Merikle, P. M. (1994) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00035226 · Cited by 15
Intuition Beyond Recognition: When Less Familiar Events Are Liked More
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Shams, P. (2013) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 15
Preferences need inferences: Learning, valuation, and curiosity in aesthetic experiencePreprint
de Cruys, S. V., Bervoets, J., & Moors, A. (2021) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/zh6nt · Cited by 19
Forsythe, A., Street, N., & Helmy, M. S. (2016) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-016-0808-z · Cited by 14
“Bornstein (1989) attributes this effect to Battributional discounting.”
Schümann, C. (2022) · Journalism and Media · doi:10.3390/journalmedia3030037 · Cited by 14
Product information failures on websites and their impact on mobile shopping behaviour
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Gays in the U.S. Military: Reviewing the Research and Conceptualizing a Way Forward
Estrada, A. X., Dirosa, G. A., & DeCostanza, A. H. (2013) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2013.744676 · Cited by 14
“…of an outgroup is likely to bring about positive changes in attitudes and behaviors of ingroup members toward outgroup members (e.g., Allport, 1954; Bornstein, 1989; Pettigrew & Troop, 2006, 2008; Zajonc, 1968) and from research showing that spending time with and self-disclosing to members of an…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialPhilosophical aesthetics and cognitive science.
Meskin, A., Robson, J., Ichino, A., Goffin, K., & Monseré, A. (2018) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science · doi:10.1002/wcs.1445 · Cited by 11
Ambiguity effects of rhyme and meter.
Wallot, S., & Menninghaus, W. (2018) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/xlm0000557 · Cited by 14
Thomas, P., Kazai, G., White, R. W., & Craswell, N. (2022) · Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval · doi:10.1145/3498366.3505815 · Cited by 14
“The mere-exposure, or familiarity, effect holds that people develop a preference for a stimulus simply by repeated exposure (see Born-stein [11] for an overview).”
BackgroundExploring the Impact of Visualization Design on Non-Expert Interpretation of Hurricane Forecast Path
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“We observed that familiarity is a driver for preference, confirming previous studies (Bornstein, 1989) reporting that repeated exposure to a stimulus increases the likelihood of participants choosing that stimulus over others.”
ResultThe Relationship between Knowing and Liking for 91 Urban Animal Species among Students
Sweet, F. S. T., Noack, P., Hauck, T. E., & Weisser, W. W. (2023) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani13030488 · Cited by 14
Pupil Response and the Subliminal Mere Exposure Effect
Yoshimoto, S., Imai, H., Kashino, M., & Takeuchi, T. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090670 · Cited by 14
Vezzali, L., & Capozza, D. (2011) · IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia) · Cited by 14
Ham, C.-D., Park, J., & Park, S. (2016) · Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1077699016669105 · Cited by 14
“A great amount of research provides robust empirical support for this effect (Bornstein, 1989).”
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DeZoort, F. T., Wilkins, A. M., & Justice, S. E. (2017) · Journal of Accounting and Public Policy · doi:10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2017.05.003 · Cited by 14
Media Effects: How Media Influence Voters
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“Therefore, it is essential to consider the ways in which leadership development continues to occur as individuals learn new skills and behaviors (Bornstein, 1989).”
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“This positive evaluation may therefore be similar to Bmere exposure^ effects (Bornstein, 1989; Zajonc, 1980, 2001).”
ResultMerging Explicit Declarations With Implicit Response Time to Better Predict Behavior
Ohme, R. K., Matukin, M., & Wicher, P. (2020) · Advances in marketing, customer relationship management, and e-services book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-3115-0.ch023 · Cited by 14
Koch, T., & Ruland, A. (2011) · Publizistik · doi:10.1007/s11616-011-0121-x · Cited by 14
Kogan, V. V., & Reiterer, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2021.578594 · Cited by 13
Mattavelli, S., & Rizzoli, V. (2022) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104567 · Cited by 14
Ezpeleta, A. M., Martínez-Urbano, P., & Sanz, Y. E. (2022) · Environmental Education Research · doi:10.1080/13504622.2022.2050186 · Cited by 13
Headlines win elections: Mere exposure to fictitious news media alters voting behavior
Pfister, R., Schwarz, K. A., Holzmann, P., Reis, M., Yogeeswaran, K., & Kunde, W. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0289341 · Cited by 18
“Several methodological considerations guided this setup, based on comprehensive accounts of the literature [5, 28, 29].”
BackgroundContagious humans: A pandemic's positive effect on attitudes towards care robots
Schönmann, M., Bodenschatz, A., Uhl, M., & Walkowitz, G. (2024) · Technology and Society · doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2024.102464 · Cited by 11
The Role of Logo Recoloring on Perceptual Fluency in Cause-Related Marketing Campaigns
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“This mere exposure effect has been confirmed across a host of contexts (for a review, see Bornstein, 1989).”
BackgroundEffects of brand exposure time duration and frequency on image transfer in sport sponsorship
Kwon, H., & Shin, J. (2019) · International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship · doi:10.1108/ijsms-04-2019-0042 · Cited by 15
Do online searches influence sales or merely predict them? The case of motion pictures
Kim, H. (2020) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/ejm-08-2019-0655 · Cited by 13
Riding the elephant in the room: Towards a revival of the optimal level of stimulation model
de Aldecoa, P. I., Burdett, E., & Gustafsson, E. (2022) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2022.101051 · Cited by 20
“…for familiarity preference, it does not explain (1) why boredom can limit the pleasantness provoked by familiar stimuli (Baillargeon et al., 1985; Berlyne, 1960; Bornstein, 1989; Stang, 1975), and (2) why developmental differences exist in preference for familiarity and novelty (Bornstein, 1989).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialEx2Vec: Characterizing Users and Items from the Mere Exposure Effect
Sguerra, B., Tran, V.-A., & Hennequin, R. (2023) · ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys) · doi:10.1145/3604915.3608856 · Cited by 14
“Based on the finding that the magnitude of MEE depends on both user and stimuli [6, 24], Ex2Vec learns to predict the user’s interest evolution from repeated exposure by characterizing both user and item.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialExpanding the Nudge: Designing Choice Contexts and Choice Contents
Grill, K. (2014) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · doi:10.22029/jlupub-426 · Cited by 13
Treatment hurts: Lay theories of graded exposure in the treatment of four anxiety disorders
Furnham, A. F., Wilson, E., Chapman, A. L., & Persuad, R. (2013) · European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling · doi:10.1080/13642537.2013.810657 · Cited by 14
“Exposure to affect has also always been central to the psychodynamic and humanistic therapies (Bornstein, 1989).”
BackgroundMere exposure effect can be elicited in transient global amnesia
Marin-Garcia, E., Ruiz-Vargas, J. M., & Kapur, N. (2013) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2013.844774 · Cited by 13
Grauerholz, L., Barringer, M. N., Colyer, T., Guittar, N. A., Hecht, J., Rayburn, R. L., & Swart, E. A. (2013) · Qualitative Inquiry · doi:10.1177/1077800412466222 · Cited by 13
“One, proximity is one of the strongest predictors in determining attraction and choice in sexual partners (Bauman, 2003; Bornstein, 1989; Quinn, 1977) and qualitative fieldwork usually brings researchers and participants in close contact.”
BackgroundUncanny sociocultural categories
Schoenherr, J. R., & Burleigh, T. J. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01456 · Cited by 13
“For instance, a low-frequency of exposure to outgroup members, or explicitly transmitted out-group biases, could create negative affective responses to features associated with these individuals (for the effect of stimulus frequency on affect, see Zajonc, 1968; Bornstein, 1989).”
BackgroundGeneration and Gender Differences in Aesthetic Responses to Popular Illustrations
Lin, Y.-C., & Bin, I. (2011) · Visual Arts Research · doi:10.5406/visuartsrese.37.1.0030 · Cited by 13
“The majority of the research focuses on figural goodness, pleasure, liking, and even preferability (Bornstein, 1989; Salkind & Salkind, 1997).”
BackgroundThe Intermingling of Social and Evolutionary Psychology Influences on Hair Color Preferences
Hinsz, V. B., Stoesser, C. J., & Matz, D. C. (2013) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-013-9169-2 · Cited by 13
“According to the repeated exposure effect, individuals have a tendency to prefer stimuli to which they have been repeatedly exposed (Bornstein 1989; Zajonc 1968). For example, people tend find people whose photo they have seen more often as more likable and pleasant (Harmon-Jones and Allen 2001; Swap 1977). Consistent…”
BackgroundRegenberg, N. F. E., Häfner, M., & Semin, G. R. (2011) · Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) · doi:10.1027/1618-3169/a000122 · Cited by 13
A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Population-Specific Face Shape Preferences (Homo sapiens)
Danel, D., Fedurek, P., Coetzee, V., Stephen, I., Nowak, N., Stirrat, M., Perrett, D., & Saxton, T. (2012) · Ethology · doi:10.1111/eth.12022 · Cited by 13
Wirkung von Product Placements
Koch, T. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-531-18916-1_17 · Cited by 13
Effects of facial attractiveness on personality stimuli in an implicit priming task: an ERP study
Zhang, Y., Zheng, M., & Wang, X. (2016) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1080/01616412.2016.1190538 · Cited by 13
Follower moral reasoning influences perceptions of transformational leadership behavior
Naber, A. M., & Moffett, R. G. (2017) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12427 · Cited by 14
Individual differences in intelligence and personality guide human social learning
Burtenshaw, T., Walker, B., Gignac, G., Grueter, C. C., & Fay, N. (2026) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2026.113639
Slendebroek, Z., & Metaxa, D. (2026) · Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society · doi:10.1609/aies.v9i4.43312
“…has shown that repeated exposure to a stimulus increases preference for it even when listeners are unaware of the repetition (Zajonc 1968; Bornstein 1989), so normalization may not require conscious preference; saturation alone may be sufficient to unconsciously reshape listener A…”
Metadata
- Authors
- Bornstein, R. F.
- Affiliations
- Gettysburg College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bornstein, Robert F.
- ORCID
- Bornstein, Robert F.
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 1989-09
- Volume
- 106
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 265-289
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W2051913671
- Cited by
- 1,970
- References
- 195
- Citations by year
- 2026: 49 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 85 · 2020: 85 · 2019: 95 · 2018: 69 · 2017: 62 · 2016: 95 · 2015: 95 · 2014: 80 · 2013: 100 · 2012: 95
- FWCI
- 2.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- exposure, affect, stimulus sensitivity, stimulus complexity, stimulus type, exposure duration, age of exposure, personality, advertising, phobia treatment
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