Cited by 1,970Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMemory and Neural MechanismsMemory Processes and Influences

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Exposure and affect: Overview and meta-analysis of research, 1968–1987.

Bornstein, Robert F.·1989·Psychological Bulletin

DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.106.2.265

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Abstract

L'auteur analyse les effets de variables methodologiques (type et complexite du stimulus, intervalle de presentation, temps d'exposition) et de variables subjectives (âge d'exposition, personnalite) sur la sensibilite du sujet aux stimulus de toutes sortes. Il conclut sur l'interet methodologique de sa recherche, ainsi que sur ses apports pratiques (publicite, traitement de la phobie)

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Crossref · 10.1037/0033-2909.106.2.265

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Background
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Background
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“For decades, research has strongly supported the mere-exposure effect for a wide range of objects and situations (Bornstein, 1989; Jones, Young, & Claypool, 2011; Young, Jones, & Claypool, 2016; Zajonc, 1968).”
Background
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“The latter is a psychological phenomenon by which individuals tend to favour and positively value individuals or stimuli simply because they are exposed to it repetitively (inter alia, Bornstein 1989; Zajonc 1968, 2001; Moreland and Zajonc 1982; Olivola and Todorov 2010).”
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“…as an independent variable, the impacts of typicality perception and novelty perception on aesthetic response have been examined (Pedersen, 1986; Bornstein, 1989; Hekkert and van Wieringen, 1990; Repp, 1997; Veryzer and Hutchinson, 1998; Reber et al., 2004), but there is no consensus among the…”
Background
Development and Acquisition of Food Likes
Mela, D. J. (2001) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-04601-2_2 · Cited by 22
At the Roots of Product Placement: The Mere Exposure Effect
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“It has been shown, in fact, that the effect occurs even when a person is unaware of having been exposed to stimulus, that is, when the stimuli introduced remain outside the person’s awareness (Bonanno & Stillings, 1986; Bornstein, 1989; Bornstein, Leone, & Galley, 1987; Kunst-Wilson & Zajonc, 1980; Mandler, Nakamura,…”
BackgroundInfluential
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Park, S. (2014) · Journal of Cultural Economics · doi:10.1007/s10824-014-9216-3 · Cited by 22
“Psychologists have studied the concept of exposure effects in numerous experimental settings and found a positive correlation between frequency of exposure and affective preferences (Bornstein 1989).”
Background
Desensitisation to cigarette package graphic health warnings: a cohort comparison between London and Singapore
Ratneswaran, C., Chisnall, B., Li, M., Tan, S. B., Douiri, A., Anantham, D., & Steier, J. S. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012693 · Cited by 22
Interest, But Not Liking, Drives Consumer Preference toward Novelty
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Conceptual metaphors, processing fluency, and aesthetic preference
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The Evolutionary Rationality of Social Learning
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Effects of Interestingness on Evaluations of TV Commercials
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Source amnesia, misattribution, and the power of unconscious perceptions and memories.
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Self-citation
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“This effect has proven to be robust for various types of stimuli and various evaluation procedures (see Bornstein, 1989 for a review).”
Background
Seeing two faces together: preference formation in humans and rhesus macaques
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“2013) and other cognitive, social, and emotional factors, as illustrated by the effects of mere exposure (Zajonc 1968), affects (Bornstein 1989) or category learning (Rentschler et al.”
Background
Impact of web banner advertising frequency on attitude
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Beyond Fact or Artifact: An Assessment of Fishbein and Middlestadt's Perspectives on Attitude Change Processes
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I Like It, but Only When I'm Not Sure Why: Evaluative Conditioning and the Awareness Issue
Hammerl, M. (2000) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1006/ccog.1999.0401 · Cited by 22
When Legitimacy Shapes Environmentally Responsible Behaviors: Considering Exposure to University Sustainability Initiatives
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The Alcohol–Sport Nexus and How Consumers Are Affected Through Sponsorship
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Getting More Out of Wine: wine experts, wine apps and sensory science
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The Effects of Facial Attractiveness and Familiarity on Facial Expression Recognition
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“In addition, previous research illustrates that familiar stimuli prompt diverse positive reactions (Zajonc, 1968; Bornstein, 1989).”
Background
Predicting and Understanding Long‐Term Consumer Liking of Standard Versus Novel Chocolate: A Repeated Exposure Study
Soerensen, J., Wæhrens, S. S., & Byrne, D. V. (2015) · Journal of Sensory Studies · doi:10.1111/joss.12164 · Cited by 21

Authors: Bornstein, R. F.
Affiliations: Gettysburg College (US)
Corresponding author: Bornstein, Robert F.
ORCID: Bornstein, Robert F.
Venue: Psychological Bulletin
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1989-09
Volume: 106
Issue: 2
Pages: 265-289
ISSN: 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
1939-1455
DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.106.2.265
OpenAlex: W2051913671
Cited by: 1,970
References: 195
Citations by year: 2026: 49 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 85 · 2020: 85 · 2019: 95 · 2018: 69 · 2017: 62 · 2016: 95 · 2015: 95 · 2014: 80 · 2013: 100 · 2012: 95
FWCI: 2.36
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Keywords: exposure, affect, stimulus sensitivity, stimulus complexity, stimulus type, exposure duration, age of exposure, personality, advertising, phobia treatment

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Exposure and affect: Overview and meta-analysis of research, 1968–1987.

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