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Cited by 5,758Cultural Differences and ValuesSocial and Intergroup PsychologyPersonality Traits and Psychology

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Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses.

Oyserman, Daphna, Coon, Heather M., Kemmelmeier, Markus·2002·Psychological Bulletin
DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.128.1.3
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Abstract

Are Americans more individualistic and less collectivistic than members of other groups? The authors summarize plausible psychological implications of individualism-collectivism (IND-COL), meta-analyze cross-national and within-United States IND-COL differences, and review evidence for effects of IND-COL on self-concept, well-being, cognition, and relationality. European Americans were found to be both more individualistic-valuing personal independence more-and less collectivistic-feeling duty to in-groups less-than others. However, European Americans were not more individualistic than African Americans, or Latinos, and not less collectivistic than Japanese or Koreans. Among Asians, only Chinese showed large effects, being both less individualistic and more collectivistic. Moderate IND-COL effects were found on self-concept and relationality, and large effects were found on attribution and cognitive style.

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Metadata

Authors
Oyserman, D., Coon, H. M., & Kemmelmeier, M.
Affiliations
University of Michigan (US)
ORCID
Venue
Psychological Bulletin
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
2002-01
Volume
128
Issue
1
Pages
3-72
ISSN
  • 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1455
DOI
10.1037/0033-2909.128.1.3
OpenAlex
W2055684847
Cited by
5,758
References
19
Citations by year
2026: 220 · 2025: 251 · 2024: 242 · 2023: 262 · 2022: 261 · 2021: 294 · 2020: 329 · 2019: 254 · 2018: 273 · 2017: 256 · 2016: 275 · 2015: 287 · 2014: 302 · 2013: 304 · 2012: 309
FWCI
151.35
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Keywords
individualism-collectivism, cross-cultural comparison, self-concept, well-being, attribution, cognitive style, relationality, European Americans, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, Chinese, Japanese, Korean language
MeSH terms
Adult, Africa, Americas, Asia, Asian, Australia, Black or African American, Cognition, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Cultural Characteristics, Emotions, Europe, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Individuality, Interpersonal Relations, Job Satisfaction, Mass Behavior, Self Concept, Social Values, United States, Black People, White People

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