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Cited by 831Creativity in Education and NeurosciencePsychological Testing and AssessmentPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

Can We Trust Creativity Tests? A Review of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT)

Kim, Kyung Hee·2006·Creativity Research Journal
DOI 10.1207/s15326934crj1801_2
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Abstract

Dr. E. Paul Torrance, "Father of Creativity," is best known for developing the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT). The TTCT was developed by Torrance in 1966. It has been renormed 4 times: in 1974, 1984, 1990, and 1998. There are 2 forms (A and B) of the TTCT-Verbal and 2 forms (A and B) of the TTCT-Figural. However, in the scope of this review, only the TTCT-Figural was examined. The TTCT has been translated into more than 35 languages (Millar, 2002). It has become highly recommended in the educational field and is even used in the corporate world. It is the most widely used test of creativity (Davis, 1997) and is the most referenced of all creativity tests (Lissitz & Willhoft, 1985). Basic information is presented, including purposes, content area, norms, reliability, and validity. Strengths and weaknesses of the TTCT, including use of the TTCT in identifying gifted learners and suggestions for further development and improvement, are provided and discussed.

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Cited works that were retracted

Works this paper cites that were later retracted, from the retraction notices publishers deposit. Major when the notice came out before this paper was published.

  • Cites a retracted work: 10.1207/s15326934crj1801_10

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    The cited work was retracted on 2019-12-03 (notice 10.1080/10400419.2019.1647690), not before this paper was published (2006-01-01).

    Cited work 10.1207/s15326934crj1801_10 · retracted 2019-12-03 · notice 10.1080/10400419.2019.1647690 · this paper published 2006-01-01

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Authors
Kim, K. H.
Corresponding author
Kim, Kyung Hee
ORCID
Kim, Kyung Hee
Venue
Creativity Research Journal
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2006-01-01
Volume
18
Issue
1
Pages
3-14
ISSN
  • 1040-0419 (ISSN-L)
  • 1532-6934
DOI
10.1207/s15326934crj1801_2
OpenAlex
W2171882070
Cited by
830
References
66
Citations by year
2026: 45 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 70 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 82 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 31
FWCI
13.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Creativity Research Journal (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Creativity in Education and Neuroscience
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords
Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, creativity assessment, creativity tests, test reliability, test validity, reference values, gifted identification, Torrance, test development

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