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A meta-analysis of the dark triad and work behavior: a social exchange perspective
Abstract
We reviewed studies of the Dark Triad (DT) personality traits--Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy-and meta-analytically examined their implications for job performance and counterproductive work behavior (CWB). Relations among the DT traits and behaviors were extracted from original reports published between 1951 and 2011 of 245 independent samples (N = 43,907). We found that reductions in the quality of job performance were consistently associated with increases in Machiavellianism and psychopathy and that CWB was associated with increases in all 3 components of the DT, but that these associations were moderated by such contextual factors as authority and culture. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that the DT explains moderate amounts of the variance in counterproductivity, but not job performance. The results showed that the 3 traits are positively related to one another but are sufficiently distinctive to warrant theoretical and empirical partitioning.
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“Nevertheless, the DT traits are significantly inter-correlated (18) with considerable convergent correlations between subscales (19).”
From Empathy at the heart of darkness: empathy deficits that bind the dark triad and those that mediate indirect relational aggression. (2019) · cites this paper as [19]
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“For example, meta-analytic findings showed that narcissism was positively related to counterproductive work behaviors and provoked aggression; Machiavellianism was positively related to counterproductive work behaviors and negatively related to job performance; and psychopathy was positively related to counterproducti…”
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“The Dark Triad traits have also been linked to poor business outcomes and work behaviors in unique ways (O’Boyle et al., 2012).”
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Grijalva, E. J., Maynes, T. D., Badura, K., & Whiting, S. W. (2019) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2017.0218 · Cited by 109
“Although past meta-analytic research has established that, on average, narcissism does not interfere with an employee’s ability to perform tasks independently (O’Boyle et al., 2012), we show that narcissism does hinder collaborative team performance over time.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSmith, M. B., Wallace, J. C., & Jordan, P. (2015) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2038 · Cited by 117
Too arrogant for their own good? Why and when narcissists dismiss advice
Kausel, E. E., Culbertson, S. S., Leiva, P. I., Slaughter, J. E., & Jackson, A. (2015) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2015.07.006 · Cited by 109
Young, S. M., Du, F., Dworkis, K. K., & Olsen, K. J. (2015) · Journal of Management Accounting Research · doi:10.2308/jmar-51024 · Cited by 105
Vergauwe, J., Wille, B., Hofmans, J., Kaiser, R. B., & Fruyt, F. D. (2017) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000147 · Cited by 107
Hoogh, A. H. B. D., Hartog, D. N. D., & Belschak, F. D. (2021) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2536 · Cited by 105
“For instance, O'Boyle et al. (2012) found that an ingroup-collectivistic climate moderated the link between employee narcissism and work behavior.”
Comparing models of counterproductive workplace behaviors: The Five-Factor Model and the Dark Triad
DeShong, H. L., Grant, D. M., & Mullins‐Sweatt, S. N. (2014) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.10.001 · Cited by 101
“This is consistent with previous literature, which indicates that individuals high in any Dark Triad trait tends to engage in a variety of negative workplace behaviors (O’Boyle et al., 2012).”
ResultSerenko, A., & Choo, C. W. (2020) · Journal of Knowledge Management · doi:10.1108/jkm-06-2020-0416 · Cited by 96
Metadata
- Authors
- O'Boyle, E. H., Forsyth, D. R., Banks, G. C., & McDaniel, M. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Richmond (US)
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Psychology
- Published
- 2012-05
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 557-579
- ISSN
- 0021-9010 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1854
- OpenAlex
- W2005207520
- Cited by
- 1,331
- References
- 250
- Citations by year
- 2026: 94 · 2025: 109 · 2024: 97 · 2023: 144 · 2022: 111 · 2021: 120 · 2020: 171 · 2019: 110 · 2018: 94 · 2017: 87 · 2016: 65 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 4.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Workplace Violence and Bullying
- Keywords
- Dark Triad, Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, employee performance, counterproductive work behavior, social exchange theory, workplace authority, organizational culture, personality traits
- MeSH terms
- Antisocial Personality Disorder, Employee Discipline, Employment, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Machiavellianism, Narcissism
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