The DOI matches its Crossref record; 325 of the 325 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Major depressive disorder is associated with broad impairments on neuropsychological measures of executive function: A meta-analysis and review.
Open accessAbstract
Cognitive impairments are now widely acknowledged as an important aspect of major depressive disorder (MDD), and it has been proposed that executive function (EF) may be particularly impaired in patients with MDD. However, the existence and nature of EF impairments associated with depression remain strongly debated. Although many studies have found significant deficits associated with MDD on neuropsychological measures of EF, others have not, potentially due to low statistical power, task impurity, and diverse patient samples, and there have been no recent, comprehensive, meta-analyses investigating EF in patients with MDD. The current meta-analysis uses random-effects models to synthesize 113 previous research studies that compared participants with MDD to healthy control participants on at least one neuropsychological measure of EF. Results of the meta-analysis demonstrate that MDD is reliably associated with impaired performance on neuropsychological measures of EF, with effect sizes ranging from 0.32 to 0.97. Although patients with MDD also have slower processing speed, motor slowing alone cannot account for these results. In addition, some evidence suggests that deficits on neuropsychological measures of EF are greater in patients with more severe current depression symptoms, and those taking psychotropic medications, whereas evidence for effects of age was weaker. The results are consistent with the theory that MDD is associated with broad impairment in multiple aspects of EF. Implications for treatment of MDD and theories of EF are discussed. Future research is needed to establish the specificity and causal link between MDD and EF impairments.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“though most of the literature has generally found non-significant relationships9,34,58,59.”
From Diagnostic Associations of Processing Speed in a Transdiagnostic, Pediatric Sample (2020) · cites this paper as [58]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Additionally, a recent meta-analysis noted that individuals with MDD exhibit non-specific cognitive deficits related to difficulty planning and slower processing speed (Snyder, 2013).”
From Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate Augmentation in Adults With Persistent Executive Dysfunction After Partial or Full Remission of Major Depressive Disorder (2014) · cites this paper as Snyder, 2013
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Both publications suggest that MDD is associated with deficits across a wide range of cognitive domains”
From Cognitive Effects of Pharmacotherapy for Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review (2014) · cites this paper as [59]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“cognitive impairment may correlate with depressive symptom severity on some measures”
From Cognitive Effects of Pharmacotherapy for Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review (2014) · cites this paper as [59]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“the categorization of neurocognitive tests offered in the meta-analysis sometimes differed from our own, again indicating the need for greater understanding of and consensus on the various domains of cognition”
From Cognitive Effects of Pharmacotherapy for Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review (2014) · cites this paper as [59]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“impairments may persist despite remission of depressive symptoms.”
From Cognitive Effects of Pharmacotherapy for Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review (2014) · cites this paper as [59]
In the citing paper
“Recurrently depressed individuals’ vulnerability to depressogenic cognition is additionally exacerbated by impaired cognitive functioning and diminished cognitive resources.”
From Mindfulness-Based Interventions in Psychiatry (2018) · cites this paper as [66]
In the citing paper
“These individuals often exhibit overgeneral autobiographical memory (i.e. a difficulty in retrieving specific personal events), impairments in attention regulation, and difficulties suppressing competing or currently-irrelevant thoughts and mental sets, among other cognitive deficits (62–68).”
From Mindfulness-Based Interventions in Psychiatry (2018) · cites this paper as [66]
In the citing paper
“similar effect sizes and somewhat similar heterogeneity trends were recently identified across DSM disorders (15–18)”
From Neuropsychological Research in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Current Status and Future Directions (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“A meta-analysis of 113 studies found significant deficits in executive functioning among depressed individuals compared to non-depressed controls, including deficits in updating, shifting, inhibition, working memory, planning, and verbal fluency, with effect sizes ranging from d = 0.32 – 0.97 (Snyder, 2014).”
From The role of inflammation in core features of depression: Insights from paradigms using exogenously-induced inflammation. (2018) · cites this paper as Snyder, 2014
In the citing paper
“Deficits purported to fall within the domain of EF have commonly been found in individuals with depression using neuropsychological tests (Channon et al. 1993; Gohier, et al. 2009; Porter et al. 2003; Purcell et al. 1997; for a review see, Snyder 2013), other behavioral tasks (Joormann and Gotlib 2008; Rose and Ebmeier 2006), and self-report measures (Warren, Heller, and Miller, under review).”
From Executive Function Deficits in Daily Life Prospectively Predict Increases in Depressive Symptoms (2014) · cites this paper as Snyder 2013
In the citing paper
“Finally, MDD is characterized by broad impairments in cognitive control, which often persist following remission (Snyder, 2013) and exhibit trait-like stability (Sarapas et al, 2012).”
From Neural Correlates of Three Promising Endophenotypes of Depression: Evidence from the EMBARC Study (2016) · cites this paper as Snyder, 2013
In the citing paper
“For example, a recent meta-analysis indicates that clinical depression is associated with impairment across multiple executive functions, including inhibitory control, shifting, and updating working memory (Snyder, 2013).”
From Anxiety and attention to threat: cognitive mechanisms and treatment with attention bias modification (2016) · cites this paper as Snyder, 2013
In the citing paper
“Notwithstanding these limitations, separate meta-analyses provide compelling evidence that (objective) cognitive impairment is a consistent, replicable, non-specific, and clinically significant feature of MDD – and, for that matter, many major psychiatric disorders [10, 14, 33–35].”
From Cognitive remission: a novel objective for the treatment of major depression? (2016) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“In keeping with the view that broad-based cognitive deficits are associated with MDD, the presence of significant deficits in executive functions and psychomotor speed in adults with MDD has been confirmed by a separate meta-analysis of 113 studies (Cohen’s d effect sizes ranging from −0.32 to −0.97) [34].”
From Cognitive remission: a novel objective for the treatment of major depression? (2016) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“Cognitive assessment was completed using a variant of the n-back task, a task which has shown sensitivity to impairments in MDD [35].”
From Wearable technology for high-frequency cognitive and mood assessment in major depressive disorder: longitudinal observational study (2019) · cites this paper as [35]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x · Cited by 47,139
An inventory for measuring depression
BECK, A. T. (1961) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 · Cited by 38,032
Hamilton, M. (1960) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 · Cited by 32,817
Hirono, N., Mori, E., Ikejiri, Y., Imamura, T., Shimomura, T., Hashimoto, M., Yamashita, H., & Ikeda, M. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 21,012
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593 · Cited by 20,391
Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions
Stroop, J. R. (1935) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0054651 · Cited by 18,622
Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1006/cogp.1999.0734 · Cited by 15,798
Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report
Yesavage, J. A., Brink, T. L., Rose, T. L., Lum, O., Huang, V., Adey, M., & Leirer, V. O. (1982) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(82)90033-4 · Cited by 15,025
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2009) · doi:10.1002/9780470743386 · Cited by 14,225
Depression and quality of life in older persons: A review
Sivertsen, H., Bjørkløf, G. H., Engedal, K., Selbæk, G., & Helvik, A.-S. (2015) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000437299 · Cited by 14,152
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 40
- Lockwood KA Alexopoulos GS van Gorp WG Executive dysfunction in geriatric depression. The American Journal of Psychiatry 2002 159 1119 1126 doi:10.1097/00005053-199709000-00002 12091189 · DOI
- *Austin M Mitchell P Wilhelm K Parker G Hickie I Brodaty H Hadzi-Pavlovic D Cognitive function in depression: A distinct pattern of frontal impairment in melancholia? Psychological Medicine 1999 29 73 85 doi:10.1017/S0033291798007788 10077295 · DOI
- *Cataldo MG Nobile M Lorusso ML Battaglia M Molteni M Impulsivity in depressed children and adolescents: A comparison between behavioral and neuropsychological data. Psychiatry Research 2005 136 123 133 doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2004.12.012 16125790 · DOI · Paper page
- *Den Hartog H Derix M van Bemmel A Kremer B Jolles J Cognitive functioning in young and middle-aged unmedicated out-patients with major depression: Testing the effort and cognitive speed hypotheses. Psychological Medicine 2003 33 1443 1451 doi:10.1017/S003329170300833X 14672253 · DOI
- Egeland J Sundet K Rund BR Sensitivity and specificity of memory dysfunction in schizophrenia: A comparison with major depression. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 2003 25 79 93 doi:10.1076/jcen.25.1.79.13630 12607174 · DOI
- *Elliott R Baker S Rogers R O'leary D Paykel E Frith C Sahakian B Prefrontal dysfunction in depressed patients performing a complex planning task: A study using positron emission tomography. Psychological Medicine 1997 27 931 942 doi:10.1017/S0033291797005187 9234470 · DOI · Paper page
- *Fitzgerald PB Srithiran A Benitez J Daskalakis ZZ Oxley TJ Kulkarni J Egan GF An fMRI study of prefrontal brain activation during multiple tasks in patients with major depressive disorder. Human Brain Mapping 2008 29 490 501 doi:10.1002/hbm.20414 17525987 PMC6870974 · DOI
- *Fossati P Amar G Raoux N Ergis A Allilaire J Executive functioning and verbal memory in young patients with unipolar depression and schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research 1999 89 171 187 doi:10.1016/S0165-1781(99)00110-9 10708264 · DOI
- *Garrett A Kelly R Gomez R Keller J Schatzberg AF Reiss AL Aberrant brain activity during a working memory task in psychotic major depression. American Journal of Psychiatry 2011 168 173 182 doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09121718 21078708 · DOI
- *Gomez R Fleming S Keller J Flores B Kenna H DeBattista C Schatzberg A The neuropsychological profile of psychotic major depression and its relation to cortisol. Biological Psychiatry 2006 60 472 478 doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.11.010 16483550 · DOI · Paper page
- *Grant MM Thase ME Sweeney JA Cognitive disturbance in outpatient depressed younger adults: Evidence of modest impairment. Biological Psychiatry 2001 50 35 43 doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(00)01072-6 11457422 PMC3016517 · DOI · Paper page
- *Harvey PO Fossati P Pochon J-B Levy R Lebastard G Lehéricy S Dubois B Cognitive control and brain resources in major depression: An fMRI study using the n-back task. Neuroimage 2005 26 860 869 doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.02.048 15955496 · DOI · Paper page
- *Harvey PO Le Bastard G Pochon JB Levy R Allilaire JF Dubois B Fossati P Executive functions and updating of the contents of working memory in unipolar depression. Journal of Psychiatric Research 2004 38 567 576 doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2004.03.003 15458852 · DOI · Paper page
- Hedges LV Olkin I Statistical methods for meta-analysis 1985 Academic Press Orlando, FL
- *Hill SK Reilly JL Harris MSH Rosen C Marvin RW DeLeon O Sweeney JA A comparison of neuropsychological dysfunction in first-episode psychotic patients with unipolar depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research 2009 113 167 175 doi:10.1016/j.schres.2009.04.020 19450952 PMC2773205 · DOI
- *Hinkelmann K Moritz S Botzenhardt J Riedesel K Wiedemann K Kellner M Otte C Cognitive impairment in major depression: Association with salivary cortisol. Biological Psychiatry 2009 66 879 885 doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.06.023 19709646 · DOI
- Lane RM O'Hanlon JF Cognitive and psychomotor effects of antidepressants with emphasis on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and the depressed elderly patient. German Journal of Psychiatry 1999 1 1 42 Retrieved from http://www.gjpsy.unigoettingen.de/gjp-article-lane.htm
- Lezak MD Howieson DB Loring DW Neuropsychological assessement 2004 Oxford University Press New York 4th ed.
- *Lyche P Jonassen R Stiles TC Ulleberg P Landrø NI Attentional functions in major depressive disorder with and without comorbid anxiety. Archieves of Clinical Neuropsychology 2011 26 38 47 doi:10.1093/arclin/acq095 21148667 · DOI
- *Maalouf FT Klein C Clark L Sahakian BJ Labarbara EJ Versace A Phillips ML Impaired sustained attention and executive dysfunction: Bipolar disorder versus depression-specific markers of affective disorders. Neuropsychologia 2010 48 1862 1868 doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.02.015 20176041 PMC3757938 · DOI
- *Markela-Lerenc J Kaiser S Fiedler P Weisbrod M Mundt C Stroop performance in depressive patients: A preliminary report. Journal of Affective Disorders 2006 94 261 267 doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.04.011 16764940 · DOI
- *Matthews K Coghill D Rhodes S Neuropsychological functioning in depressed adolescent girls. Journal of Affective Disorders 2008 111 113 118 doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.02.003 18367251 · DOI
- *Merriam EP Thase ME Haas GL Keshavan MS Sweeney JA Prefrontal cortical dysfunction in depression determined by Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance. The American Journal of Psychiatry 1999 156 780 782 Retrieved from http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?volume=156&page=780 10327916
- *Michopoulos I Zervas IM Pantelis C Tsaltas E Papakosta V-M Boufidou F Lykouras L Neuropsychological and hypothalamic-pituitary-axis function in female patients with melancholic and non-melancholic depression. European Archieves of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 2008 258 217 225 doi:10.1007/s00406-007-0781-8 18297425 · DOI
- *Michopoulos I Zervas IM Papakosta VM Tsaltas E Papageorgiou C Manessi T Soldatos CR Set shifting deficits in melancholic vs. non-melancholic depression: Preliminary findings. European Psychiatry 2006 21 361 363 doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2006.03.008 16814993 · DOI
- *Nakano Y Baba H Maeshima H Kitajima A Sakai Y Baba K Arai H Executive dysfunction in medicated, remitted state of major depression. Journal of Affective Disorders 2008 111 46 51 doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.01.027 18304646 · DOI
- *Nebes R Butters M Mulsant B Pollock B Zmuda M Houck P Reynolds C Decreased working memory and processing speed mediate cognitive impairment in geriatric depression. Psychological Medicine 2000 30 679 691 doi:10.1017/S0033291799001968 10883722 · DOI
- *Neu P Kiesslinger U Schlattmann P Reischies FM Time-related cognitive deficiency in four different types of depression. Psychiatry Research 2001 103 237 247 doi:10.1016/S0165-1781(01)00286-4 11549411 · DOI
- *Okada G Okamoto Y Morinobu S Yamawaki S Yokota N Attenuated left prefrontal activation during a verbal fluency task in patients with depression. Neuropsychobiology 2003 47 21 26 doi:10.1159/000068871 12606841 · DOI · Paper page
- *Porter RJ Gallagher P Thompson J Young A Neurocognitive impairment in drug-free patients with major depressive disorder. The British Journal of Psychiatry 2003 182 214 220 doi:10.1192/bjp.182.3.214 12611784 · DOI · Paper page
- *Rapp MA Dahlman K Sano M Grossman HT Haroutunian V Gorman JM Neuropsychological differences between late-onset and recurrent geriatric major depression. The American Journal of Psychiatry 2005 162 691 698 doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.4.691 15800140 · DOI · Paper page
- *Reppermund S Ising M Lucae S Zihl J Cognitive impairment in unipolar depression is persistent and non-specific: Further evidence for the final common pathway disorder hypothesis. Psychological Medicine 2009 39 603 614 doi:10.1017/S003329170800411X 18667101 · DOI · Paper page
- *Schatzberg AF Posener JA DeBattista C Kalehzan BM Rothschild AJ Shear PK Neuropsychological deficits in psychotic versus nonpsychotic major depression and no mental illness. The American Journal of Psychiatry 2000 157 1095 1100 doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.7.1095 10873917 · DOI
- *Sweeney JA Kmiec JA Kupfer DJ Neuropsychologic impairments in bipolar and unipolar mood disorders on the CANTAB neurocognitive battery. Biological Psychiatry 2000 48 674 684 doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(00)00910-0 11032979 · DOI
- *Tavares JVT Clark L Cannon DM Erickson K Drevets WC Sahakian BJ Distinct profiles of neurocognitive function in unmedicated unipolar depression and bipolar II depression. Biological Psychiatry 2007 62 917 924 doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.05.034 17825802 · DOI · Paper page
- *Vanderhasselt MA De Raedt R Impairments in cognitive control persist during remission from depression and are related to the number of past episodes: An event related potentials study. Biological Psychology 2009 81 169 176 doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.03.009 19482234 · DOI
- *Wagner G Sinsel E Sobanski T Köhler S Marinou V Mentzel H-J Schlösser RGM Cortical inefficiency in patients with unipolar depression: An event-related fMRI study with the Stroop task. Biological Psychiatry 2006 59 958 965 doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.10.025 16458263 · DOI · Paper page
- *Walter H Wolf RC Spitzer M Vasic N Increased left prefrontal activation in patients with unipolar depression: An event-related, parametric, performance-controlled fMRI study. Journal of Affective Disorders 2007 101 175 185 doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.11.017 17197035 · DOI · Paper page
- *Weiland-Fiedler P Erickson K Waldeck T Luckenbaugh DA Pike D Bonne O Neumeister A Evidence for continuing neuropsychological impairments in depression. Journal of Affective Disorders 2004 82 253 258 doi:10.1016/j.jad.2003.10.009 15488254 · DOI · Paper page
- *Yuan Y Zhu W Zhang Z Bai F Yu H Shi Y Liu Z Regional gray matter changes are associated with cognitive deficits in remitted geriatric depression: An optimized voxel-based morphometry study. Biological Psychiatry 2008 64 541 544 doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.04.032 18550031 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 1,002
Examination of the Coping Flexibility Hypothesis Using the Coping Flexibility Scale-Revised
Kato, T. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.561731 · Cited by 78
Preschool Executive Control and Internalizing Symptoms in Elementary School
Nelson, T. D., Kidwell, K. M., Nelson, J. M., Tomaso, C. C., Hankey, M., & Espy, K. A. (2018) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-017-0395-1 · Cited by 78
Vasavada, M. M., Leaver, A. M., Njau, S., Joshi, S. H., Ercoli, L., Hellemann, G., Narr, K. L., & Espinoza, R. (2017) · The Journal of ECT · doi:10.1097/yct.0000000000000426 · Cited by 73
Martin, D. M., Moffa, A. H., Nikolin, S., Bennabi, D., Brunoni, A. R., Flannery, W., Haffen, É., McClintock, S. M., Moreno, M., Padberg, F., et al. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.04.008 · Cited by 71
Schmid, M. T., & Hammar, Å. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00633 · Cited by 77
Brain structures implicated in inflammation-associated depression
Harrison, N. A. (2016) · Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2016_30 · Cited by 74
Vogan, V. M., Leung, R. C., Safar, K., Martinussen, R., Smith, M. L., & Taylor, M. J. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01774 · Cited by 80
Wu, C., Dillon, D. G., Hsu, H.-C., Huang, S., Barrick, E. M., & Liu, Y. (2018) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app8081244 · Cited by 74
Alderman, B. L., Olson, R. L., Bates, M. E., Selby, E. A., Buckman, J. F., Brush, C. J., Panza, E. A., Kranzler, A., Eddie, D., & Shors, T. J. (2015) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00269 · Cited by 85
The association of anxiety, depression, and worry symptoms on cognitive performance in older adults
Vito, A. N. D., Calamia, M. R., Greening, S. G., & Roye, S. (2017) · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition · doi:10.1080/13825585.2017.1416057 · Cited by 76
Couvy‐Duchesne, B., Strike, L. T., de Zubicaray, G. I., McMahon, K. L., Thompson, P. M., Hickie, I. B., Martin, N. G., & Wright, M. J. (2018) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0153-17.2017 · Cited by 68
Aker, M., Harmer, C. J., & Landrø, N. I. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-014-0334-4 · Cited by 72
Miskowiak, K. W., Ott, C. V., Petersen, J. Z., & Kessing, L. V. (2016) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.09.641 · Cited by 73
Shi, C., Wang, G., Tian, F., Han, X., Sha, S., Xing, X., & Yu, X. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.03.021 · Cited by 70
Dodd, S., Mitchell, P. B., Bauer, M., Yatham, L. N., Young, A. H., Kennedy, S. H., Williams, L. J., Suppes, T. M., López‐Jaramillo, C., Trivedi, M. H., et al. (2017) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622975.2017.1379609 · Cited by 66
Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats
Brady, A. M., & Floresco, S. (2015) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/52387 · Cited by 81
Mansur, R. B., Zugman, A., Ahmed, J., Cha, D. S., Subramaniapillai, M., Lee, Y. L., Lovshin, J. A., Lee, J. G., Lee, J.-H., Drobinin, V., et al. (2017) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.08.433 · Cited by 68
Suicidal risk and executive functions in major depressive disorder: a study protocol
Roca, M., del Amo, A. R.-L., Serra, P. R., Pérez-Ara, M. Á., Castro, A., Roman‐Juan, J., García-Toro, M., Pazo, P. G., & Gili, M. (2019) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2233-1 · Cited by 73
Does rumination mediate the relationship between attentional control and symptoms of depression?
DeJong, H., Fox, E., & Stein, A. (2019) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.12.007 · Cited by 67
“…with broad impairments in cognitive control, including AC, with deficits apparent in both clinical groups and vulnerable populations (e.g. subclinical depressive symptoms, remitted groups, high trait ruminators) (E. H. W. Koster, Hoorelbeke, Onraedt, Owens, & Derakshan, 2017; Snyder, 2013).”
BackgroundExecutive function subcomponents and their relations to everyday functioning in healthy older adults
McAlister, C. B., & Schmitter‐Edgecombe, M. (2016) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2016.1177490 · Cited by 67
Kim, Y., Richards, J. S., & Oldehinkel, A. J. (2022) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-021-01564-3 · Cited by 86
Corrêa, M. S., Vedovelli, K., Giacobbo, B. L., de Souza, C. E. B., Ferrari, P., Argimon, I. I. D. L., Walz, J. C., Kapczinski, F. P., & Bromberg, E. (2014) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.11.052 · Cited by 73
EEG alpha frequency correlates of burnout and depression: The role of gender
Tement, S., Pahor, A., & Jaušovec, N. (2015) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.11.005 · Cited by 78
Thérond, A., Pezzoli, P., Abbas, M., Howard, A., Bowie, C. R., & Guimond, S. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.009 · Cited by 72
Andersen, P. N., Skogli, E. W., Hovik, K. T., Egeland, J., & Øie, M. (2015) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-015-2415-8 · Cited by 63
Dotson, V. M. (2014) · Journal of Depression & Anxiety · doi:10.4172/2167-1044.s1-003 · Cited by 69
Greenberg, J., Romero, V. L., Elkin-Frankston, S., Bezdek, M. A., Schumacher, E. H., & Lazar, S. W. (2018) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-018-9858-4 · Cited by 83
The Relationship Between Continuous Identity Disturbances, Negative Mood, and Suicidal Ideation
Sokol, Y., & Eisenheim, E. (2016) · The Primary Care Companion For CNS Disorders · doi:10.4088/pcc.15m01824 · Cited by 64
Gray, M. A., Chao, C.-Y., Staudacher, H. M., Kolosky, N. A., Talley, N. J., & Holtmann, G. (2018) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0193542 · Cited by 63
Executive Function Deficits in Daily Life Prospectively Predict Increases in Depressive Symptoms
Letkiewicz, A. M., Miller, G. A., Crocker, L. D., Warren, S. L., Infantolino, Z. P., Mimnaugh, K. J., & Heller, W. (2014) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-014-9629-5 · Cited by 63
Opmeer, E. M., Kortekaas, R., van Tol, M., van der Wee, N. J. A., Woudstra, S., van Buchem, M. A., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Veltman, D. J., & Aleman, A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073290 · Cited by 63
Colwell, M., Tagomori, H., Chapman, S., Gillespie, A. L., Cowen, P. J., Harmer, C. J., & Murphy, S. E. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-02249-6 · Cited by 68
Zhang, Y., Bi, X., Adebiyi, O., Wang, J., Mooshekhian, A., Cohen, J., Wei, Z., Wang, F., & Li, X. (2019) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.00332 · Cited by 62
Trait Rumination, Depression, and Executive Functions in Early Adolescence
Wagner, C. A., Alloy, L. B., & Abramson, L. Y. (2014) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0133-8 · Cited by 61
Childhood adversity and cognitive functioning in patients with major depression
Dannehl, K., Rief, W., & Euteneuer, F. (2017) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.06.013 · Cited by 62
Cotrena, C., Branco, L. D., Ponsoni, A., Samamé, C., Shansis, F., & Fonseca, R. P. (2019) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.13121 · Cited by 69
Gandy, K. C., Kim, S., Sharp, C., Dindo, L. N., Maletić‐Savatić, M., & Calarge, C. A. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.00571 · Cited by 67
Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on the Cognitive Control of Emotion
Lantrip, C., Gunning, F. M., Flashman, L. A., Roth, R. M., & Holtzheimer, P. E. (2017) · Journal of Ect · doi:10.1097/yct.0000000000000386 · Cited by 67
MacKenzie, L. E., Uher, R., & Pavlova, B. (2019) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3672 · Cited by 60
Pu, S., Noda, T., Setoyama, S., & Nakagome, K. (2018) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329171800034x · Cited by 60
Attention deficits in adults with Major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Wang, X., Zhou, H., & Zhu, X. (2020) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102359 · Cited by 68
Iceta, S., Rodrigue, C., Legendre, M., Daoust, J., Flaudias, V., Michaud, A., & Bégin, C. (2021) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110400 · Cited by 74
Aduen, P. A., Kofler, M. J., Cox, D. J., Sarver, D. E., & Lunsford, E. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.03.009 · Cited by 64
Neuropsychological functioning in late-life depression
Dybedal, G. S., Tanum, L., Sundet, K. S., Gaarden, T. L., & Bjølseth, T. M. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00381 · Cited by 68
Control when it counts: Change in executive control under stress predicts depression symptoms.
Quinn, M. E., & Joormann, J. (2015) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000089 · Cited by 64
Lange, F., Brückner, C., Knebel, A., Seer, C., & Kopp, B. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.06.014 · Cited by 60
Brückl, T. M., Spoormaker, V. I., Sämann, P. G., Brem, A., Henco, L., Czamara, D., Elbau, I., Grandi, N. C., Jollans, L., Kühnel, A., et al. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02541-z · Cited by 66
Wang, X., Cheng, B., Roberts, N., Wang, S., Luo, Y., Tian, F., & Yue, S. (2021) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.25618 · Cited by 59
Neurocognitive Function After (Chemo)-Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer
Welsh, L. C., Dunlop, A., McGovern, T., Mcquaid, D., Dean, J., Gulliford, S., Bhide, S. A., Harrington, K. J., Nutting, C. M., & Newbold, K. L. (2014) · Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.clon.2014.06.014 · Cited by 58
Single session tDCS over the left DLPFC disrupts interference processing
Frings, C., Brinkmann, T. A., Friehs, M. A., & van Lipzig, T. (2017) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2017.11.005 · Cited by 66
Willroth, E. C., Flett, J. A. M., & Mauss, I. (2019) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12475 · Cited by 50
A narrative review of risk factors and interventions for cancer- related cognitive impairment
Bai, L., & Yu, E. (2021) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm-20-6443 · Cited by 64
The Role of Biomarkers in Psychiatry
Lozupone, M., Montagna, M. L., D’Urso, F., Daniele, A., Greco, A., Seripa, D., Logroscino, G., Bellomo, A., & Panza, F. (2019) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05542-4_7 · Cited by 64
Liu, Y., Chen, Y., Liang, X., Li, D., Zheng, Y., Zhang, H., Cui, Y., Chen, J., Liu, J., & Qiu, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00272 · Cited by 58
Age-Related Diseases and Driving Safety
Falkenstein, M., Karthaus, M., & Brüne-Cohrs, U. (2020) · Geriatrics · doi:10.3390/geriatrics5040080 · Cited by 57
“Don't [ruminate], be happy”: A cognitive perspective linking depression and anhedonia
Rutherford, A. V., McDougle, S. D., & Joormann, J. (2023) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102255 · Cited by 64
Wante, L., Mezulis, A., Van Beveren, M.-L., & Braet, C. (2017) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2016.1212986 · Cited by 56
Do executive functions explain the covariance between internalizing and externalizing behaviors?
Hatoum, A. S., Rhee, S. H., Corley, R. P., Hewitt, J. K., & Friedman, N. P. (2018) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579417001602 · Cited by 53
Liu, J., Fan, Y., Zeng, L., Liu, B., Ju, Y., Wang, M., Dong, Q., Lu, X., Sun, J., Zhang, L., et al. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01227-8 · Cited by 55
Cognitive Risks in Developmental Psychopathology
Hankin, B. L., Snyder, H. R., & Gulley, L. D. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy308 · Cited by 55
Self-citationThe Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Adherence and Self-Management
Plevinsky, J. M., Young, M. A., Carmody, J. K., Durkin, L. K., Gamwell, K. L., Klages, K. L., Ghosh, S., & Hommel, K. A. (2020) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa079 · Cited by 58
Li, J., Li, N., Shao, X., Chen, J., Hao, Y., Li, X., & Hu, B. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing · doi:10.1109/taffc.2021.3139104 · Cited by 57
Ren, F.-F., Hillman, C. H., Wang, W., Li, R., Zhou, W.-S., Liang, W.-M., Yang, Y., Chen, F., & Chang, Y. (2024) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100447 · Cited by 60
Dai, J., Du, X., Yin, G., Zhang, Y., Xia, H., Li, X., Cassidy, R. M., Tong, Q., Chen, D., Teixeira, A. L., et al. (2017) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.06.029 · Cited by 55
Friedman, N. P., du Pont, A., Corley, R. P., & Hewitt, J. K. (2018) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702618766360 · Cited by 60
The effects of processing speed on memory impairment in patients with major depressive disorder
Zaremba, D., Kalthoff, I. S., Förster, K., Redlich, R., Grotegerd, D., Leehr, E. J., Meinert, S., Dohm, K., Bürger, C., Enneking, V., et al. (2019) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.02.015 · Cited by 62
Correlates of Cognitive Function in Sickle Cell Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Prussien, K. V., Siciliano, R. E., Ciriegio, A. E., Anderson, A. S., Sathanayagam, R., DeBaun, M. R., Jordan, L. C., & Compas, B. E. (2019) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsz100 · Cited by 56
Effectiveness of yoga for major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Wu, Y., Yan, D., & Yang, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1138205 · Cited by 54
Koseki, S., Noda, T., Yokoyama, S., Kunisato, Y., Ito, D., Suyama, H., Matsuda, T., Sugimura, Y., Ishihara, N., Shimizu, Y., et al. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.05.067 · Cited by 55
Perfectionism in Pediatric Anxiety and Depressive Disorders
Affrunti, N. W., & Woodruff-Borden, J. (2014) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-014-0164-4 · Cited by 54
Physical activity as a model for health neuroscience
Stillman, C. M., & Erickson, K. I. (2018) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.13669 · Cited by 55
Hagan, K. E., Christensen, K. A., & Forbush, K. T. (2020) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101391 · Cited by 56
A Systematic Review of Childhood Adversity and Executive Functions Outcomes among Adults
Lund, J. I., Boles, K., Radford, A., Toombs, E., & Mushquash, C. J. (2022) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acac013 · Cited by 62
A MULTIVARIATE TWIN STUDY OF TRAIT MINDFULNESS, DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS, AND ANXIETY SENSITIVITY
Waszczuk, M. A., Zavos, H. M. S., Antonova, E., Haworth, C. M. A., Plomin, R. J., & Eley, T. C. (2015) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22326 · Cited by 67
Untangling the Gordian knot of HIV, stress, and cognitive impairment
Valdez‐Sinon, A. N., Rubin, L. H., & Neigh, G. N. (2016) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2016.02.005 · Cited by 52
Disrupted reward and cognitive control networks contribute to anhedonia in depression
Gong, L., He, C., Zhang, H., Zhang, H., Zhang, Z., & Xie, C. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.05.010 · Cited by 54
Prospective memory deficits in patients with depression: A meta-analysis
Zhou, F.-C., Wang, Y.-Y., Zheng, W., Zhang, Q., Ungvari, G. S., Ng, C. H., Zhang, J., & Xiang, Y.-T. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.05.042 · Cited by 52
Hybel, K. A., Mortensen, E. L., Lambek, R., Højgaard, D. R. M. A., & Thomsen, P. H. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.08.009 · Cited by 48
Depression and Cognitive Impairment in Peritoneal Dialysis: A Multicenter Cross-sectional Study
Dong, J., Pi, H.-C., Xiong, Z., Liao, J., Hao, L., Liu, G., Ren, Y., Wang, Q., Duan, L.-P., & Zheng, Z. (2015) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.06.025 · Cited by 52
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and the Diagnostic Stability of Mild Cognitive Impairment
Sugarman, M. A., Alosco, M. L., Tripodis, Y., Steinberg, E. G., & Stern, R. A. (2018) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-170527 · Cited by 57
‘Cool’ and ‘Hot’ executive functions in suicide attempters with major depressive disorder
Ho, M., Hsu, Y.-C., Lu, M., Gossop, M., & Chen, V. C. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.057 · Cited by 53
Voinescu, A., Petrini, K., Fraser, D. S., Lazarovicz, R.-A., Papavă, I., Fodor, L. A., & David, D. (2021) · Virtual Reality · doi:10.1007/s10055-021-00520-7 · Cited by 51
Kuznetsova, E., Ляшенко, А., Alexandrovna, Z. N., & Arsalidou, M. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1411981 · Cited by 87
Blair, M., Coleman, K. K. L., Jesso, S., Jodoin, V. D., Smolewska, K., Warriner, E. M., Finger, E. C., & Pasternak, S. (2016) · Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques · doi:10.1017/cjn.2015.399 · Cited by 53
Innovative biomarkers in psychiatric disorders: a major clinical challenge in psychiatry
Lozupone, M., Seripa, D., Stella, E., Montagna, M. L., Solfrizzi, V., Quaranta, N. A. A., Veneziani, F., Cester, A., Sardone, R., Bonfiglio, C., et al. (2017) · Expert Review of Proteomics · doi:10.1080/14789450.2017.1375857 · Cited by 52
de Guevara, C. M. L., Fernández-Serrano, M. J., del Paso, G. A. R., & Duschek, S. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0196329 · Cited by 52
Buschert, V. C., Prochazka, D., Bartl, H., Diemer, J., Malchow, B., Zwanzger, P., & Brunnauer, A. (2018) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-018-0916-0 · Cited by 55
de Vroege, L., Timmermans, A., Kop, W. J., & van der Feltz-Cornelis, C. M. (2018) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291717003300 · Cited by 50
Evans, L. D., Kouros, C. D., Samanez-Larkin, S., & Garber, J. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2014.982282 · Cited by 50
Lin, K., Xu, G., Lu, W., Ouyang, H., Dang, Y., Lorenzo‐Seva, U., Guo, Y., Bessonov, D., Akiskal, H. S., So, K., et al. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.06.032 · Cited by 52
Kamradt, J. M., Nikolas, M. A., Burns, G. L., Garner, A. A., Jarrett, M. A., Luebbe, A. M., & Becker, S. P. (2019) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191119869823 · Cited by 61
Rumination and executive functions: Understanding cognitive vulnerability for psychopathology
du Pont, A., Rhee, S. H., Corley, R. P., Hewitt, J. K., & Friedman, N. P. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.026 · Cited by 54
Uiterwijk, D., Stargatt, R., Humphrey, S., & Crowe, S. F. (2021) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-021-09524-1 · Cited by 60
Høifødt, R. S., Waterloo, K. K., Wang, C. E. A., Eisemann, M. R., Figenschau, Y., & Halvorsen, M. B. (2018) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.08.024 · Cited by 53
Cortical organization of inhibition-related functions and modulation by psychopathology
Warren, S. L., Crocker, L. D., Spielberg, J. M., Engels, A. S., Banich, M. T., Sutton, B. P., Miller, G. A., & Heller, W. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00271 · Cited by 48
Anxiety, stress, and binge eating tendencies in adolescence: a prospective approach
Lim, M. C., Parsons, S. D., Goglio, A., & Fox, E. (2021) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-021-00444-2 · Cited by 57
Theory of mind performance in depression: A meta-analysis
Nestor, B. A., Sutherland, S. L., & Garber, J. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.02.028 · Cited by 58
Dysfunctional Metacognitive Beliefs Are Associated with Decreased Executive Control
Kraft, B., Jonassen, R., Stiles, T. C., & Landrø, N. I. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00593 · Cited by 48
Weigard, A., & Sripada, C. (2021) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.02.001 · Cited by 43
Parlar, M., Frewen, P. A., Oremus, C., Lanius, R. A., & McKinnon, M. C. (2016) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v7.29061 · Cited by 56
Metadata
- Authors
- Snyder, H. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Corresponding author
- Snyder, Hannah R.
- ORCID
- Snyder, Hannah R.
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 139
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 81-132
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- PMC
- PMC3436964
- OpenAlex
- W2093220018
- Cited by
- 1,667
- References
- 324
- Citations by year
- 2026: 132 · 2025: 146 · 2024: 111 · 2023: 124 · 2022: 144 · 2021: 175 · 2020: 140 · 2019: 123 · 2018: 150 · 2017: 137 · 2016: 107 · 2015: 91 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 25
- FWCI
- 28.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (F31-MH087073)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, executive function, cognitive impairment in depression, neuropsychological measures, processing speed, motor slowing, depression severity, age effects, depression treatment
- MeSH terms
- Cognition Disorders, Major Depressive Disorder, Humans, Neuropsychological Tests, Executive Function
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
