Clinical differentiation of sluggish cognitive tempo and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children

Servera, Mateu; Sáez, Belén; Burns, G. Leonard; Becker, Stephen P.

doi:10.1037/abn0000375

Cited by 113Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderDevelopmental and Educational NeuropsychologyChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

Clinical differentiation of sluggish cognitive tempo and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children

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Servera, Mateu, Sáez, Belén, Burns, G. Leonard, Becker, Stephen P.·2018·Journal of Abnormal Psychology

DOI 10.1037/abn0000375PMC PMC6237634

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Abstract

depression. This study moves the field toward examining both the empirical and clinical differentiation of SCT and ADHD. Findings are discussed regarding how SCT may fit in diagnostic nosologies and models of psychopathology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

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A clinic sample with learning disabilities showed elevated rates of SCT.
“Another study showed that a clinic sample with learning disabilities exhibited elevated rates of SCT.112”
From Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (2023) · cites this paper as [112]
The Discussion reports children with clinically elevated SCT. However, the Methods (Participants) and Discussion (Study Strengths and Limitations) describe a community-based school sample, not a clinic sample of children with learning disabilities. The paper therefore does not support the claimed population or elevated rates within it. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
CDS is strongly associated with depression in children and adults.
“CDS has been strongly associated with depression in both children and adults [1,54]”
From Emotional Dysregulation and Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome: Exploring Their Relationship Through the Lens of Twin Studies (2025) · cites this paper as [54]
The Results (External Correlates for SCT and ADHD Groups; page not supplied) report significantly higher depression scores in children with elevated SCT than in the comparison group. The paper studies children and does not establish the claimed association in adults, so the adult portion is unsupported by this source. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
SCT and ADHD overlap clinically with internalizing symptoms such as depression.
“the clinical overlap of SCT and ADHD with internalizing symptoms such as depression (Servera et al., 2018)”
From Sluggish Cognitive Tempo and Personality: Links to BIS/BAS Sensitivity and the Five Factor Model (2018) · cites this paper as Servera et al., 2018
About 25-40% of youth with ADHD have elevated CDS symptoms.
“given the high comorbidity with ADHD (i.e., 25–40% of youth with ADHD have elevated CDS symptoms) [6-9]”
From Pharmacologic Management of Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) and Implications for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Treatment: Emerging Treatments and Recommendations for Future Research (2023) · cites this paper as [7]

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Emotional Dysregulation and Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome: Exploring Their Relationship Through the Lens of Twin Studies
De Giuli, G., Amico, C., De Francesco, S., Giani, L., Tüzün, G., Galli, F., Caputi, M., Forresi, B., & Scaini, S. (2025) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app15116067 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Authors: Servera, M., Sáez, B., Burns, G. L., & Becker, S. P.
Affiliations: Research Institute of Health Sciences (ES)
Corresponding author: Becker, Stephen P.
ORCID: Servera, Mateu
Sáez, Belén
Burns, G. Leonard
Becker, Stephen P.
Venue: Journal of Abnormal Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2018-11
Volume: 127
Issue: 8
Pages: 818-829
ISSN: 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
1939-1846
DOI: 10.1037/abn0000375
PMC: PMC6237634
OpenAlex: W2892836726
Cited by: 113
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 4
FWCI: 7.42
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: other-oa
www.apa.org/pubs/journals/resources/open-access.aspx (am, 330 d)
Locations: Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion, other-oa)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PSI2014-52605-R)
MINECO
European Social Fund (BES-2015-075142)
US Department of Health and Human Services (K23MH108603)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: sluggish cognitive tempo, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, children, differential diagnosis, psychopathology models, depression
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Cognition Disorders, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests

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Clinical differentiation of sluggish cognitive tempo and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children

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