Mechanisms underlying mindfulness-based addiction treatment versus cognitive behavioral therapy and usual care for smoking cessation.
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine cognitive and affective mechanisms underlying mindfulness-based addiction treatment (MBAT) versus cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and usual care (UC) for smoking cessation. METHOD: Participants in the parent study from which data were drawn (N = 412; 54.9% female; 48.2% African American, 41.5% non-Latino White, 5.4% Latino, 4.9% other; 57.6% annual income <$30,000) were randomized to MBAT (n = 154), CBT (n = 155), or UC (n = 103). From quit date through 26 weeks postquit, participants completed measures of emotions, craving, dependence, withdrawal, self-efficacy, and attentional bias. Biochemically confirmed 7-day smoking abstinence was assessed at 4 and 26 weeks postquit. Although the parent study did not find a significant treatment effect on abstinence, mixed-effects regression models were conducted to examine treatment effects on hypothesized mechanisms, and indirect effects of treatments on abstinence were tested. RESULTS: Participants receiving MBAT perceived greater volitional control over smoking and evidenced lower volatility of anger than participants in both other treatments. However, there were no other significant differences between MBAT and CBT. Compared with those receiving UC, MBAT participants reported lower anxiety, concentration difficulties, craving, and dependence, as well as higher self-efficacy for managing negative affect without smoking. Indirect effects of MBAT versus UC on abstinence occurred through each of these mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS: Whereas several differences emerged between MBAT and UC, MBAT and CBT had similar effects on several of the psychosocial mechanisms implicated in tobacco dependence. Results help to shed light on similarities and differences between mindfulness-based and other active smoking cessation treatments. (PsycINFO Database Record
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- Findingown data
Compared to UC, MBAT participants reported lower anger (p < .05).
“Compared to participants receiving UC, participants receiving MBAT reported lower levels of anger, anxiety, sadness, craving, concentration difficulties, craving, dependence motives (all subscales of the WISDM except social-environmental goads), subjective bias toward cigarettes, and higher self-efficacy for avoiding smoking when experiencing negative affect (ps < .05; see Table 1).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
- Findingown data
Compared to UC, CBT participants reported lower anger (p < .05).
“Compared to UC participants, those who received CBT reported lower negative affect, stress, anger, anxiety, sadness, concentration difficulties, dependence motives (most subscales), expectations of regulating affect by smoking, and higher self-efficacy for avoiding smoking when experiencing negative affect (ps < .05; see Table 1).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
- Findingown data
Compared to UC, CBT participants reported lower negative affect (p < .05).
“Compared to UC participants, those who received CBT reported lower negative affect, stress, anger, anxiety, sadness, concentration difficulties, dependence motives (most subscales), expectations of regulating affect by smoking, and higher self-efficacy for avoiding smoking when experiencing negative affect (ps < .05; see Table 1).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
- Findingown data
Compared to UC, MBAT participants reported lower sadness (p < .05).
“Compared to participants receiving UC, participants receiving MBAT reported lower levels of anger, anxiety, sadness, craving, concentration difficulties, craving, dependence motives (all subscales of the WISDM except social-environmental goads), subjective bias toward cigarettes, and higher self-efficacy for avoiding smoking when experiencing negative affect (ps < .05; see Table 1).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
- Findingown data
Compared to UC, MBAT participants reported lower concentration difficulties (p < .05).
“Compared to participants receiving UC, participants receiving MBAT reported lower levels of anger, anxiety, sadness, craving, concentration difficulties, craving, dependence motives (all subscales of the WISDM except social-environmental goads), subjective bias toward cigarettes, and higher self-efficacy for avoiding smoking when experiencing negative affect (ps < .05; see Table 1).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
- Findingown data
Compared to UC, MBAT participants reported lower dependence motives (all WISDM subscales except social-environmental goads) (p < .05).
“Compared to participants receiving UC, participants receiving MBAT reported lower levels of anger, anxiety, sadness, craving, concentration difficulties, craving, dependence motives (all subscales of the WISDM except social-environmental goads), subjective bias toward cigarettes, and higher self-efficacy for avoiding smoking when experiencing negative affect (ps < .05; see Table 1).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
- Findingown data
Compared to UC, MBAT participants reported lower craving (p < .05).
“Compared to participants receiving UC, participants receiving MBAT reported lower levels of anger, anxiety, sadness, craving, concentration difficulties, craving, dependence motives (all subscales of the WISDM except social-environmental goads), subjective bias toward cigarettes, and higher self-efficacy for avoiding smoking when experiencing negative affect (ps < .05; see Table 1).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
- Findingown data
Compared to UC, MBAT participants reported higher self-efficacy for avoiding smoking when experiencing negative affect (p < .05).
“Compared to participants receiving UC, participants receiving MBAT reported lower levels of anger, anxiety, sadness, craving, concentration difficulties, craving, dependence motives (all subscales of the WISDM except social-environmental goads), subjective bias toward cigarettes, and higher self-efficacy for avoiding smoking when experiencing negative affect (ps < .05; see Table 1).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
- Findingown data
Compared to UC, CBT participants reported lower stress (p < .05).
“Compared to UC participants, those who received CBT reported lower negative affect, stress, anger, anxiety, sadness, concentration difficulties, dependence motives (most subscales), expectations of regulating affect by smoking, and higher self-efficacy for avoiding smoking when experiencing negative affect (ps < .05; see Table 1).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
- Findingown data
Compared to UC, MBAT participants reported lower anxiety (p < .05).
“Compared to participants receiving UC, participants receiving MBAT reported lower levels of anger, anxiety, sadness, craving, concentration difficulties, craving, dependence motives (all subscales of the WISDM except social-environmental goads), subjective bias toward cigarettes, and higher self-efficacy for avoiding smoking when experiencing negative affect (ps < .05; see Table 1).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
- Findingown data
Compared to CBT, MBAT participants scored lower on WISDM - Loss of Control (β = .21, p = .046).
“Compared to those receiving CBT, MBAT participants scored lower on WISDM – Loss of Control (β = .21, p = .046).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
- Findingown data
Effects of MBAT vs CBT on WISDM - Primary Dependence trended as expected, with MBAT participants indicating less primary dependence than CBT (β = .19, p = .059).
“The effects of MBAT vs. CBT on WISDM – Primary Dependence (β = .19, p = .059), WISDM – Craving (β = .19, p = .066), and WISDM – Tolerance (β = .19, p = .059) each trended as expected, with MBAT participants indicating less primary dependence, craving, and tolerance than those receiving CBT.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
- Findingown data
Effect of MBAT vs CBT on subjective bias trended as expected, with MBAT reporting less attentional bias toward cigarettes than CBT (β = .16, p = .059).
“In addition, the effect of MBAT vs. CBT on subjective bias trended as expected, β = .16, p = .059, with participants in MBAT reporting less attentional bias toward cigarettes than those receiving CBT (See Table 1).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
- Findingown data
Effects of MBAT vs CBT on WISDM - Tolerance trended as expected, with MBAT participants indicating less tolerance than CBT (β = .19, p = .059).
“The effects of MBAT vs. CBT on WISDM – Primary Dependence (β = .19, p = .059), WISDM – Craving (β = .19, p = .066), and WISDM – Tolerance (β = .19, p = .059) each trended as expected, with MBAT participants indicating less primary dependence, craving, and tolerance than those receiving CBT.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
- Findingown data
Compared to UC, MBAT participants reported lower subjective bias toward cigarettes (p < .05).
“Compared to participants receiving UC, participants receiving MBAT reported lower levels of anger, anxiety, sadness, craving, concentration difficulties, craving, dependence motives (all subscales of the WISDM except social-environmental goads), subjective bias toward cigarettes, and higher self-efficacy for avoiding smoking when experiencing negative affect (ps < .05; see Table 1).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
- Findingown data
For CBT vs UC, lower anxiety was the only significant indirect mechanism for week 4 abstinence across all three missing data assumptions, with βind. effect = .15 [.03, .31] under k = 1.
“For indirect effects of CBT vs. UC on week 4 abstinence, WSWS Anxiety was the only significant mechanism across all three missing data assumptions (under k = 1, βind. effect = .15 [.03, .31]).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Compared to UC, CBT participants reported lower sadness (p < .05).
“Compared to UC participants, those who received CBT reported lower negative affect, stress, anger, anxiety, sadness, concentration difficulties, dependence motives (most subscales), expectations of regulating affect by smoking, and higher self-efficacy for avoiding smoking when experiencing negative affect (ps < .05; see Table 1).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
- Findingown data
For CBT vs UC, Self-Efficacy-Negative Affect was a significant indirect mechanism for week 26 abstinence across all three missing data mechanisms (βind. effect = .11 [.01, .28]).
“In predicting week 26 abstinence, indirect effects for CBT vs. UC were significant across all three missing data mechanisms for PSS-SF Perceived Stress (βind. effect = .09 [.01, .24]), WSWS Concentration (βind. effect = .09 [.01, .24]), and Self-Efficacy-Negative Affect (βind. effect = .11 [.01, .28]).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Indirect effects of MBAT versus UC on abstinence occurred through each of the mechanisms that differed between them.
“Indirect effects of MBAT versus UC on abstinence occurred through each of these mechanisms.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
- Findingown data
Compared to UC, CBT predicted lower concentration difficulties.
“Compared to UC, CBT predicted lower stress and concentration difficulties, and higher self-efficacy for managing negative affect without smoking, which predicted higher odds of abstinence at 26 weeks post-quit.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The ANCOVA predicting volatility of anger from treatment group was significant.
“The ANCOVA predicting volatility of anger from treatment group was significant (see Table 2).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
- Findingown data
Compared to UC, CBT participants reported lower expectations of regulating affect by smoking (p < .05).
“Compared to UC participants, those who received CBT reported lower negative affect, stress, anger, anxiety, sadness, concentration difficulties, dependence motives (most subscales), expectations of regulating affect by smoking, and higher self-efficacy for avoiding smoking when experiencing negative affect (ps < .05; see Table 1).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
- Findingown data
In predicting abstinence at 4 weeks post-quit, indirect effects were significant for WSWS Anxiety and Self-efficacy-Negative Affect.
“In predicting abstinence at 4 weeks post-quit, indirect effects were significant for WSWS Anxiety and Self-efficacy-Negative Affect.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
- Findingown data
Compared to UC, CBT predicted higher self-efficacy for managing negative affect without smoking.
“Compared to UC, CBT predicted lower stress and concentration difficulties, and higher self-efficacy for managing negative affect without smoking, which predicted higher odds of abstinence at 26 weeks post-quit.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Compared to UC, CBT participants reported lower anxiety (p < .05).
“Compared to UC participants, those who received CBT reported lower negative affect, stress, anger, anxiety, sadness, concentration difficulties, dependence motives (most subscales), expectations of regulating affect by smoking, and higher self-efficacy for avoiding smoking when experiencing negative affect (ps < .05; see Table 1).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
- Findingown data
Compared to UC, CBT predicted lower anxiety.
“Compared to UC, CBT predicted lower anxiety, which predicted higher odds of abstinence at 4 weeks post-quit.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Lower anxiety predicted higher odds of week 4 abstinence.
“Compared to UC, CBT predicted lower anxiety, which predicted higher odds of abstinence at 4 weeks post-quit.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
There were no other significant differences between MBAT and CBT on the mechanisms examined.
“However, there were no other significant differences between MBAT and CBT.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
- Findingown data
The indirect effect of MBAT vs. CBT through WISDM - Loss of Control was not significant under any of the missing data assumptions (for k = 1, βind. effect = .02 [−.03, .11]).
“The indirect effect of MBAT vs. CBT through WISDM – Loss of Control was not significant under any of the missing data assumptions (for k = 1, βind. effect = .02 [−.03, .11]).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
- Findingown data
For CBT vs UC, PSS-SF Perceived Stress was a significant indirect mechanism for week 26 abstinence across all three missing data mechanisms (βind. effect = .09 [.01, .24]).
“In predicting week 26 abstinence, indirect effects for CBT vs. UC were significant across all three missing data mechanisms for PSS-SF Perceived Stress (βind. effect = .09 [.01, .24]), WSWS Concentration (βind. effect = .09 [.01, .24]), and Self-Efficacy-Negative Affect (βind. effect = .11 [.01, .28]).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
In predicting week 26 abstinence, indirect effects for MBAT vs. UC were significant for WSWS Concentration, WSWS Craving, and WISDM Total, Secondary Dependence Motives, Cognitive Enhancement, Craving, Cue Exposure - Associative Processes, Negative Reinforcement, Positive Reinforcement, and Taste-Sensory.
“In predicting week 26 abstinence, indirect effects for MBAT vs. UC were significant for WSWS Concentration, WSWS Craving, and WISDM Total, Secondary Dependence Motives, Cognitive Enhancement, Craving, Cue Exposure – Associative Processes, Negative Reinforcement, Positive Reinforcement, and Taste-Sensory.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
- Findingown data
Compared to UC, CBT participants reported higher self-efficacy for avoiding smoking when experiencing negative affect (p < .05).
“Compared to UC participants, those who received CBT reported lower negative affect, stress, anger, anxiety, sadness, concentration difficulties, dependence motives (most subscales), expectations of regulating affect by smoking, and higher self-efficacy for avoiding smoking when experiencing negative affect (ps < .05; see Table 1).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
- Findingown data
Compared to UC, CBT participants reported lower concentration difficulties (p < .05).
“Compared to UC participants, those who received CBT reported lower negative affect, stress, anger, anxiety, sadness, concentration difficulties, dependence motives (most subscales), expectations of regulating affect by smoking, and higher self-efficacy for avoiding smoking when experiencing negative affect (ps < .05; see Table 1).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
- Findingown data
Compared to UC, CBT predicted lower stress.
“Compared to UC, CBT predicted lower stress and concentration difficulties, and higher self-efficacy for managing negative affect without smoking, which predicted higher odds of abstinence at 26 weeks post-quit.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
For CBT vs UC, WSWS Concentration was a significant indirect mechanism for week 26 abstinence across all three missing data mechanisms (βind. effect = .09 [.01, .24]).
“In predicting week 26 abstinence, indirect effects for CBT vs. UC were significant across all three missing data mechanisms for PSS-SF Perceived Stress (βind. effect = .09 [.01, .24]), WSWS Concentration (βind. effect = .09 [.01, .24]), and Self-Efficacy-Negative Affect (βind. effect = .11 [.01, .28]).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Post-hoc tests indicated that participants receiving MBAT evidenced lower volatility of anger than participants in UC (p = .005).
“Post-hoc tests indicated that participants receiving MBAT evidenced lower volatility of anger than participants in CBT (p = .015) and UC (p = .005).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
- Findingown data
Post-hoc tests indicated that participants receiving MBAT evidenced lower volatility of anger than participants in CBT (p = .015).
“Post-hoc tests indicated that participants receiving MBAT evidenced lower volatility of anger than participants in CBT (p = .015) and UC (p = .005).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
- Findingown data
Compared to UC, CBT participants reported lower dependence motives (most subscales) (p < .05).
“Compared to UC participants, those who received CBT reported lower negative affect, stress, anger, anxiety, sadness, concentration difficulties, dependence motives (most subscales), expectations of regulating affect by smoking, and higher self-efficacy for avoiding smoking when experiencing negative affect (ps < .05; see Table 1).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
- Findingown data
There were no significant indirect effects of MBAT vs CBT.
“However, there were no other significant differences between MBAT and CBT, nor were there significant indirect effects of MBAT vs. CBT, suggesting that mindfulness and cognitive-behavioral approaches may similarly influence several of the psychosocial mechanisms implicated in tobacco dependence.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Compared to UC, MBAT participants reported lower concentration difficulties.
“Compared to those receiving UC, however, MBAT participants reported lower anxiety, attentional bias toward cigarettes, concentration difficulties, craving, and smoking dependence motives, as well as higher self-efficacy for managing negative affect.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Compared to UC, MBAT participants reported lower craving.
“Compared to those receiving UC, however, MBAT participants reported lower anxiety, attentional bias toward cigarettes, concentration difficulties, craving, and smoking dependence motives, as well as higher self-efficacy for managing negative affect.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
MBAT vs UC had indirect effects on abstinence through lower craving.
“Indirect effects of MBAT versus UC occurred through lower anxiety, concentration difficulties, craving, and dependence motives, as well as greater self-efficacy for managing negative affect without smoking.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
MBAT vs UC had indirect effects on abstinence through lower concentration difficulties.
“Indirect effects of MBAT versus UC occurred through lower anxiety, concentration difficulties, craving, and dependence motives, as well as greater self-efficacy for managing negative affect without smoking.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Compared to UC, MBAT participants reported lower smoking dependence motives.
“Compared to those receiving UC, however, MBAT participants reported lower anxiety, attentional bias toward cigarettes, concentration difficulties, craving, and smoking dependence motives, as well as higher self-efficacy for managing negative affect.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
MBAT vs UC had indirect effects on abstinence through lower dependence motives.
“Indirect effects of MBAT versus UC occurred through lower anxiety, concentration difficulties, craving, and dependence motives, as well as greater self-efficacy for managing negative affect without smoking.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
There were no other significant differences between MBAT and CBT.
“However, there were no other significant differences between MBAT and CBT, nor were there significant indirect effects of MBAT vs. CBT, suggesting that mindfulness and cognitive-behavioral approaches may similarly influence several of the psychosocial mechanisms implicated in tobacco dependence.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
MBAT vs UC had indirect effects on abstinence through greater self-efficacy for managing negative affect without smoking.
“Indirect effects of MBAT versus UC occurred through lower anxiety, concentration difficulties, craving, and dependence motives, as well as greater self-efficacy for managing negative affect without smoking.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Compared to UC, MBAT participants reported lower attentional bias toward cigarettes.
“Compared to those receiving UC, however, MBAT participants reported lower anxiety, attentional bias toward cigarettes, concentration difficulties, craving, and smoking dependence motives, as well as higher self-efficacy for managing negative affect.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
MBAT participants evidenced lower volatility of anger than participants in both CBT and UC.
“As hypothesized, participants receiving MBAT perceived greater volitional control over smoking and evidenced lower volatility of anger than participants in both other treatments.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
MBAT participants perceived greater volitional control over smoking than participants in both CBT and UC.
“As hypothesized, participants receiving MBAT perceived greater volitional control over smoking and evidenced lower volatility of anger than participants in both other treatments.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
MBAT vs UC had indirect effects on abstinence through lower anxiety.
“Indirect effects of MBAT versus UC occurred through lower anxiety, concentration difficulties, craving, and dependence motives, as well as greater self-efficacy for managing negative affect without smoking.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Compared to UC, MBAT participants reported lower anxiety.
“Compared to those receiving UC, however, MBAT participants reported lower anxiety, attentional bias toward cigarettes, concentration difficulties, craving, and smoking dependence motives, as well as higher self-efficacy for managing negative affect.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Compared to UC, MBAT participants reported higher self-efficacy for managing negative affect.
“Compared to those receiving UC, however, MBAT participants reported lower anxiety, attentional bias toward cigarettes, concentration difficulties, craving, and smoking dependence motives, as well as higher self-efficacy for managing negative affect.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Abstinence rates were greater at 4 weeks after quitting than at 26 weeks.
“In addition, abstinence rates were higher at 4-weeks post-quit than at 26-weeks post-quit, which could have limited statistical power for analyses predicting the later time point.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
MBAT appeared to reduce dependence aspects such as automaticity, craving, and subjective bias toward cigarettes more than CBT did.
“MBAT seems to have produced greater reductions in several aspects of dependence (including automaticity), craving, and subjective bias toward cigarettes.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
CBT appeared to reduce negative affect and stress more than MBAT did.
“On the other hand, CBT appears to have produced greater reductions in negative affect and stress.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
At least six trials support in-person, multi-session mindfulness-based interventions for smoking cessation.
“At least six trials support the use of in-person, multi-session mindfulness-based interventions for smoking cessation (Brewer et al., 2011; Davis, Fleming, Bonus, & Baker, 2007; Davis, Goldberg, et al., 2014; Davis, Manley, Goldberg, Smith, & Jorenby, 2014; Davis et al., 2013; Vidrine et al., 2016).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked- cites Brewer et al., 2011
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- cites Davis, Fleming, Bonus, & Baker, 2007
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- cites Davis, Goldberg, et al., 2014
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- Premisecitation
In the largest known trial of mindfulness treatment for smoking cessation, MBAT did not differ significantly from CBT or UC in post-treatment abstinence rates.
“In the largest known trial of mindfulness treatment for smoking cessation, Vidrine et al. (2016) compared mindfulness-based addiction treatment (MBAT) to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and usual care (UC). MBAT did not differ significantly from CBT or UC in terms of post-treatment abstinence rates.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Vidrine et al., 2016
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- Premisecitation
Nonjudgmental observation of unpleasant internal and external stimuli is thought to lessen the tendency for extreme mood fluctuations in reaction to those stimuli.
“That is, nonjudgmental observation of unpleasant internal and external stimuli is thought to lessen the tendency for extreme mood fluctuations in reaction to those stimuli (Chambers, Gullone, & Allen, 2009; Teasdale et al., 2002).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites Chambers et al., 2009
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- cites Teasdale et al., 2002
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- Premisecitation
Randomized controlled trials indicate that mindfulness training reduces negative emotions and stress to a greater extent than wait-list controls or treatment as usual.
“Randomized controlled trials indicate that mindfulness training reduces negative emotions and stress (across healthy and clinical populations; Gotink et al., 2015), and increases positive emotions (among adults in partial remission from depression; Garland, Geschwind, Peeters, & Wichers, 2015) to a greater extent than wait-list controls or treatment as usual.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Gotink et al., 2015
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- Premisecitation
Greater volatility of negative affect over the course of smoking cessation predicts lower likelihood of abstinence.
“In addition to severity of negative affect, greater volatility (i.e., lability/scatter over time) of negative affect over the course of smoking cessation predicts lower likelihood of abstinence (Piasecki, Jorenby, Smith, Fiore, & Baker, 2003a, 2003b).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites Piasecki et al., 2003a
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- cites Piasecki et al., 2003b
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- Premisecitation
In that trial, among participants not abstinent at the end of treatment, those who received mindfulness-based treatment were more likely to regain abstinence at later time points than those who received CBT or UC.
“However, mindfulness was superior in promoting lapse recovery. That is, among participants who were not abstinent at the end of treatment, those who received mindfulness-based treatment were more likely to regain abstinence at later time points (versus CBT or UC).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Vidrine et al., 2016
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- Premisecitation
In the parent trial, 7-day abstinence rates at 4 weeks post-quit were 34.4% in MBAT, 32.3% in CBT, and 24.3% in UC.
“In this parent trial, 7-day abstinence rates at 4 weeks post-quit were 34.4% in MBAT, 32.3% in CBT, and 24.3% in UC.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Vidrine et al., 2016
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Smokers with greater agency are more likely to successfully quit.
“Smokers with greater agency are more likely to successfully quit (Businelle et al., 2010).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Businelle et al., 2010
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- Premisecitation
Smokers with greater dispositional mindfulness tend to have lower levels of dependence.
“However, smokers with greater dispositional mindfulness tend to have lower levels of dependence (Vidrine et al., 2009).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Vidrine et al., 2009
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Greater tobacco dependence and withdrawal symptoms predict more difficulty quitting.
“Greater tobacco dependence and withdrawal symptoms predict more difficulty quitting (Kenford et al., 2002; Piasecki et al., 2003a).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites Kenford et al., 2002
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- cites Piasecki et al., 2003a
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- Premisecitation
There were no significant differences between treatment groups on overall abstinence rates over time in the parent trial.
“There were no significant differences between treatment groups on overall abstinence rates over time.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Vidrine et al., 2016
Not checked in the free run.
- Premiseown data
At 26 weeks post-quit, rates were 13.0% in MBAT, 15.5% in CBT, and 11.7% in UC.
“At 26 weeks post-quit, rates were 13.0% in MBAT, 15.5% in CBT, and 11.7% in UC.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Vidrine et al., 2016
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Davis, Goldberg, et al. found that a mindfulness-based smoking cessation intervention led to greater self-reported attentional control.
“Although no known research has examined the effect of mindfulness training on attentional bias specifically toward cigarettes, Davis, Goldberg, et al. (2014) found that a mindfulness-based smoking cessation intervention led to greater self-reported attentional control.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Davis, Goldberg, et al., 2014
Not checked in the free run.
- Premiseown data
Among participants who were smoking at the end of treatment in the parent trial, those in MBAT were more likely to recover abstinence by the following week and 26 weeks post-quit compared to participants in either CBT or UC.
“However, among participants who were smoking at the end of treatment, those in MBAT were more likely to recover abstinence by the following week (26.8%) and 26 weeks post-quit (7.1%) compared to participants in either CBT (7.0% and 3.5% by the following week and 26 weeks, respectively) or UC (13.2% and 0%).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Vidrine et al., 2016
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Mediation can occur in the absence of an overall effect of treatment on the outcome.
“Mediation can occur in the absence of an overall effect of treatment on the outcome (Mackinnon & Fairchild, 2009) and can provide important information about mechanisms through which interventions might influence outcomes.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Mackinnon & Fairchild, 2009
Not checked in the free run.
- Study design and conductown data
Results for 4-week indirect effects were consistent across all three missing data assumptions.
“Results were consistent across all three missing data assumptions.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
- Interpretationown data
MBAT and CBT had similar effects on several of the psychosocial mechanisms implicated in tobacco dependence.
“Whereas several differences emerged between MBAT and UC, MBAT and CBT had similar effects on several of the psychosocial mechanisms implicated in tobacco dependence.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
In the parent trial, treatment type had no effect on overall abstinence rates.
“In the parent trial (Vidrine et al., 2016), there was no effect of treatment type on overall abstinence rates, but MBAT did significantly increase lapse recovery rates relative to CBT and UC.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Vidrine et al., 2016
Not checked in the free run.
- Study design and conductown data
Results for 26-week indirect effects were consistent across all three missing data mechanisms.
“The above results were consistent across all three missing data mechanisms.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
- Interpretationown data
Mindfulness and cognitive-behavioral approaches may similarly influence several psychosocial mechanisms implicated in tobacco dependence.
“However, there were no other significant differences between MBAT and CBT, nor were there significant indirect effects of MBAT vs. CBT, suggesting that mindfulness and cognitive-behavioral approaches may similarly influence several of the psychosocial mechanisms implicated in tobacco dependence.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationcitation
The lack of differences between MBAT and CBT is consistent with Goyal et al.'s (2014) meta-analysis, which found inadequate support for a difference between mindfulness training and specific active controls such as CBT.
“The lack of differences between MBAT and CBT is consistent with Goyal et al.’s (2014) meta-analysis, which found that although mindfulness-based therapies were superior to nonspecific active controls, there was insufficient evidence for differences between mindfulness training and specific active controls (including CBT).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Goyal et al.’s (2014)
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
In the parent trial, MBAT significantly increased lapse recovery rates relative to CBT and UC.
“In the parent trial (Vidrine et al., 2016), there was no effect of treatment type on overall abstinence rates, but MBAT did significantly increase lapse recovery rates relative to CBT and UC.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Vidrine et al., 2016
Not checked in the free run.
- Interpretationreasoning
Some differences between UC and the active treatments might partly reflect dose effects.
“In addition, UC was less intensive than both MBAT and CBT, involved individual rather than group counseling, and was not balanced for time/attention; differences between UC and MBAT/CBT could be partially due to dose effects.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Study design and conductcitation
Participants' adherence to recommended formal meditation practice between sessions was low.
“Furthermore, adherence to between-session formal meditation practice recommendations in this study was low (Vidrine et al., 2016), and more informal mindfulness practices (e.g., urge surfing) were not assessed.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Vidrine et al., 2016
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Both CBT and mindfulness-based treatments encourage awareness of and exposure to internal sensations, potentially reducing automatic and avoidant response tendencies.
“Both promote awareness of and exposure to internal sensations, which might lessen tendencies toward automatic and avoidant responses (Baer, 2003).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Baer, 2003
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Mindfulness is proposed to encourage aware, purposeful responses instead of impulsive automatic reactions to addiction-related cues.
“Mindfulness is thought to foster awareness and purposeful responding rather than impulsive, automatic reactions to cues associated with addictive behavior (Brewer et al., 2013).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Brewer et al., 2013
Not checked in the free run.
- Interpretationown data
MBAT and CBT appeared to have very similar effects on psychosocial mechanisms related to tobacco dependence.
“Whereas numerous differences emerged between MBAT and UC, the effects of MBAT vs. CBT on the psychosocial mechanisms implicated in tobacco dependence appear very similar.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Study design and conductnone given
A limitation is the study's use of repeated self-report questionnaires with long gaps between assessments.
“This study is limited by a reliance on repeated administration of self-report questionnaires with significant time lapses between assessments.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
- May combine two claims. 18
- Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 12
May combine two claims.
Findingown dataEffects of MBAT vs CBT on WISDM - Craving trended as expected, with MBAT participants indicating less craving than CBT (β = .19, p = .066).
“The effects of MBAT vs. CBT on WISDM – Primary Dependence (β = .19, p = .059), WISDM – Craving (β = .19, p = .066), and WISDM – Tolerance (β = .19, p = .059) each trended as expected, with MBAT participants indicating less primary dependence, craving, and tolerance than those receiving CBT.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
May combine two claims.
Findingown dataMBAT did not differ significantly from CBT (p = .349) or UC (p = .109) on volatility of craving.
“However, MBAT did not differ significantly from CBT (p = .349) or UC (p = .109).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
May combine two claims.
Findingown dataCompared to UC, MBAT predicted lower anxiety and higher self-efficacy for managing negative affect, which predicted higher odds of abstinence at week 4.
“Compared to UC, MBAT predicted lower anxiety and higher self-efficacy for managing negative affect, which predicted higher odds of abstinence at week 4.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
May combine two claims.
Findingown dataCompared to UC, MBAT predicted lower concentration difficulties, craving, and dependence, which predicted higher odds of abstinence at 26 weeks post-quit.
“Compared to UC, MBAT predicted lower concentration difficulties, craving, and dependence, which predicted higher odds of abstinence at 26 weeks post-quit.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
May combine two claims.
Findingown dataThe ANCOVA predicting volatility of craving trended as expected (p = .056), with MBAT participants evidencing the lowest volatility.
“The ANCOVA predicting volatility of craving trended as expected (p = .056), with MBAT participants evidencing the lowest volatility.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
May combine two claims.
Findingown dataOverall effect sizes for MBAT versus UC and CBT versus UC were similar, with some notable exceptions.
“Effect sizes for the MBAT vs. UC and CBT vs. UC comparisons are similar overall, with a few notable differences.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationGoyal et al.'s meta-analysis indicated that mindfulness meditation programs reduced anxiety and depression, but did not affect positive emotions when compared to nonspecific active controls.
“Goyal et al.’s (2014) meta-analysis in adult clinical populations indicated that mindfulness meditation programs reduced anxiety and depression, but did not affect positive emotions when compared to nonspecific active controls.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Goyal et al., 2014
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationQuitting smoking is associated with increased negative affect, and negative affect and stress are strong predictors of difficulty quitting.
“Quitting smoking is associated with increased negative affect (Leventhal, Waters, Moolchan, Heishman, & Pickworth, 2010), and negative affect and stress are strong predictors of difficulty quitting (Baker, Piper, McCarthy, Majeskie, & Fiore, 2004).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites Leventhal et al., 2010
Not checked in the free run.
- cites Baker et al., 2004
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationMindfulness-based programs have produced significantly higher abstinence rates than standard treatment and quitline-delivered treatment.
“Mindfulness-based programs have produced significantly higher abstinence rates than standard treatment (Brewer et al., 2011) and quitline-delivered treatment (Davis, Goldberg, et al., 2014).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites Brewer et al., 2011
Not checked in the free run.
- cites Davis, Goldberg, et al., 2014
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationAdams et al. found that dispositional mindfulness predicted lower volatility of negative emotions and depressive symptoms among smokers attempting to quit, indicating higher stability in negative but not positive emotions.
“Adams et al. (2014) found that dispositional mindfulness predicted lower volatility of negative emotions and depressive symptoms among smokers attempting to quit, indicating higher stability in negative (but not positive) emotions.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Adams et al., 2014
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationHill and Updegraff found that among college students, dispositional mindfulness predicted lower volatility of both negative and positive emotions.
“Hill and Updegraff (2012) found that among college students, dispositional mindfulness predicted lower volatility of both negative and positive emotions.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Hill and Updegraff, 2012
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationAmong smokers, abstinence increases attentional bias toward smoking-related cues, and attentional bias is associated with higher risk for early lapses to smoking.
“Among smokers, abstinence increases attentional bias toward smoking-related cues (Leventhal et al., 2010), and attentional bias is associated with higher risk for early lapses to smoking (Waters et al., 2003).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites Leventhal et al., 2010
Not checked in the free run.
- cites Waters et al., 2003
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationVidrine et al. found that smokers with greater dispositional mindfulness indicated greater self-efficacy for abstaining from smoking and stronger expectations that they could regulate their emotions without smoking.
“Indeed, Vidrine et al. (2009) found that smokers with greater dispositional mindfulness indicated greater self-efficacy for abstaining from smoking and stronger expectations that they could regulate their emotions without smoking.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Vidrine et al., 2009
Not checked in the free run.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
Study design and conductown dataIndirect effects analyses controlled for baseline demographics, number of cigarettes per day, and time to first cigarette.
“Potential mechanisms that were identified in the first phase of analyses as significantly differing between treatments were tested, controlling for baseline demographics, number of cigarettes per day, and time to first cigarette.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
Study design and conductcitationSeven-day point prevalence abstinence was biochemically confirmed with CO level < 6 ppm.
“Seven-day point prevalence abstinence from smoking was assessed at 4 and 26 weeks post-quit and biochemically confirmed with CO level < 6 ppm (Vidrine et al., 2016).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Vidrine et al., 2016
Not checked in the free run.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
Study design and conductown dataMixed-effects regression models controlled for demographics, baseline smoking, and abstinence at each time point.
“Analyses controlled for demographics, baseline smoking, and abstinence at each time point.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
Study design and conductown dataParticipants were randomized to MBAT (n=154), CBT (n=155), or UC (n=103) using adaptive minimization.
“Participants were randomized to MBAT (n = 154), CBT (n = 155), or UC (n = 103) using adaptive minimization.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Study design and conductown dataSensitivity analyses examined robustness under different missing data assumptions.
“For indirect effects analyses, sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine the robustness of effects under different assumptions regarding missing data.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Study design and conductown dataANCOVAs controlled for baseline demographic variables, baseline smoking, and abstinence at each time point.
“Analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) were conducted to examine group effects on volatility surrounding the quit date and through follow-up, controlling for baseline demographic variables, baseline smoking, and abstinence at each time point.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationKhoury et al.'s (2013) meta-analysis found mindfulness-based therapy outperformed some active treatments such as supportive therapy, but not CBT.
“Similarly, Khoury et al.’s (2013) meta-analysis concluded that mindfulness-based therapy was superior to some other active treatments (e.g., supportive therapy) but not CBT.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Khoury et al.’s (2013)
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Study design and conductreasoningMany analyses were run to test multiple possible mechanisms.
“Finally, because this is the first known study to examine mechanisms underlying mindfulness-based versus cognitive-behavioral and usual care treatments for smoking cessation, a relatively large number of analyses were conducted to examine multiple potential mechanisms.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Study design and conductnone givenUC was less intensive than MBAT and CBT, used individual rather than group counseling, and was not matched for time or attention.
“In addition, UC was less intensive than both MBAT and CBT, involved individual rather than group counseling, and was not balanced for time/attention; differences between UC and MBAT/CBT could be partially due to dose effects.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationMindfulness-based relapse prevention led to fewer substance-use days than cognitive-behavioral relapse prevention, particularly at 12 months.
“For example, mindfulness-based relapse prevention predicted fewer days of substance use than cognitive-behavioral relapse prevention (Witkiewitz, Warner, et al., 2014), especially at 12-month follow-up (Bowen et al., 2014).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites Witkiewitz, Warner, et al., 2014
Not checked in the free run.
- cites Bowen et al., 2014
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationCBT attempts to alter irrational thinking, while mindfulness emphasizes observing thoughts without evaluation.
“However, whereas CBT involves efforts to change irrational thinking, mindfulness involves non-evaluative observation of thoughts (i.e., changing the way one relates to his/her thoughts rather than directly attempting to change the content of thoughts; Baer, 2003; Teasdale et al., 2002).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites Baer, 2003
Not checked in the free run.
- cites Teasdale et al., 2002
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Study design and conductown dataThis higher early abstinence may have reduced statistical power for later time-point analyses.
“In addition, abstinence rates were higher at 4-weeks post-quit than at 26-weeks post-quit, which could have limited statistical power for analyses predicting the later time point.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimClassified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningMindfulness training should lower scores on the Automaticity, Loss of Control, Cue Exposure-Associative Processes, and Negative Reinforcement subscales.
“Thus, it makes sense that mindfulness training would reduce the following particular subscales: Automaticity (smoking without awareness or purposeful choice), Loss of Control (the feeling that cigarettes control one’s life, rather than the sense of personal control over smoking), Cue Exposure-Associative Processes (strong links between external cues and smoking behavior), and Negative Reinforcemen”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Study design and conductown dataInformal mindfulness practices were not measured.
“Furthermore, adherence to between-session formal meditation practice recommendations in this study was low (Vidrine et al., 2016), and more informal mindfulness practices (e.g., urge surfing) were not assessed.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationGoldin et al. (2016) found mindfulness training and CBT had equal efficacy for social anxiety disorder and more similarities than differences in mechanisms.
“Recently, Goldin et al. (2016) reported that mindfulness training and CBT were equally efficacious for treating social anxiety disorder and that there were more similarities than differences in terms of underlying mechanisms.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Goldin et al. (2016)
Not checked in the free run.
The paper relies on this without support.
The mechanisms underlying mindfulness-based interventions versus more traditional smoking cessation approaches are unclear.
“However, the mechanisms underlying mindfulness-based interventions versus more traditional approaches for smoking cessation are unclear.”
The paper relies on this without support.
No study has examined the effect of mindfulness-based treatment or CBT on affective volatility.
“No study, to our knowledge, has examined the effect of mindfulness-based treatment (or CBT) on affective volatility.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The missing data are missing at random for the full-likelihood analyses.
“The statistical analyses using the available data are based on full-likelihood estimation, and hence are valid under the missing at random assumption (Laird, 1988).”
The paper relies on this without support.
No prior study has directly compared mechanisms underlying MBAT versus CBT and usual care for smoking cessation.
“This is the first known study to directly compare mechanisms underlying the effects of mindfulness-based versus cognitive-behavioral and usual care treatments for smoking cessation.”
The paper relies on this without support.
No known research has examined the effects of mindfulness treatment on volatility of anger.
“Although no known research has examined the effects of mindfulness treatment on volatility, dispositional mindfulness predicts lower volatility of negative affect (Adams et al., 2014), and mindfulness training shows promise for reducing anger (e.g., Amutio et al., 2014).”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Rigorous RCTs comparing mindfulness-based interventions and CBT have failed to show differential treatment effects on a whole range of mechanisms, including dispositional mindfulness, reappraisal, self-efficacy, acceptance, catastrophizing, and positive and negative affect.
“Rigorous RCTs comparing mindfulness-based interventions and CBT have failed to show differential treatment effects on a whole range of mechanisms, including dispositional mindfulness, reappraisal, self-efficacy, acceptance, catastrophizing, and positive and negative affect [11,73,74].”
From Testing the mindfulness-to-meaning theory: Evidence for mindful positive emotion regulation from a reanalysis of longitudinal data (2017) · cites this paper as [74]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn a full-scale clinical trial, mindfulness-based addiction treatment significantly improved smoking abstinence by decreasing concentration difficulties.
“in a full-scale clinical trial, mindfulness-based addiction treatment significantly improved smoking abstinence by decreasing concentration difficulties [37].”
From Mindfulness-based treatment of addiction: current state of the field and envisioning the next wave of research (2018) · cites this paper as [37]
In a large clinical trial, the effects of mindfulness-based addiction treatment on smoking abstinence were mediated by decreased craving.
“in a large clinical trial, the effects of mindfulness-based addiction treatment on smoking abstinence were mediated by decreased craving [37].”
From Mindfulness-based treatment of addiction: current state of the field and envisioning the next wave of research (2018) · cites this paper as [37]
In individual studies, MBIs produced significant decreases in attentional bias, addictive automaticity, dysphoric affect, and pain severity and related functional interference in patients with chronic pain.
“as well as decreases in attentional bias [52, 66, 67], addictive automaticity [66], dysphoric affect [40, 66], and pain severity and related functional interference in patients with chronic pain [41].”
From Mindfulness-based treatment of addiction: current state of the field and envisioning the next wave of research (2018) · cites this paper as [66]
In individual studies, MBIs produced significant increases in emotion regulation, substance-related self-efficacy, and positive emotions.
“In individual studies, MBIs produced a host of other significant salutary effects including increases in emotion regulation [41, 54], substance-related self-efficacy [65, 66], and positive emotions [33]”
From Mindfulness-based treatment of addiction: current state of the field and envisioning the next wave of research (2018) · cites this paper as [66]
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Flagged first, then by citations
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- Marlatt GA Gordon JR 1985 Relapse Prevention: Maintenance Strategies in the Treatment of Addictive Behaviors New York Guilford Press
- USDHHS 2014 The Health Consequences of Smoking-50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General Atlanta (GA) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US) 24455788
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BackgroundMindfulness for smoking cessation
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Effects of School-Based Mindfulness Group Counseling on Smartphone Overuse among College Students
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- Authors
- Spears, C. A., Hedeker, D., Li, L., Wu, C., Anderson, N. K., Houchins, S. C., Vinci, C., Hoover, D. S., Vidrine, J. I., Cinciripini, P. M., Waters, A. J., & Wetter, D. W.
- Affiliations
- Georgia State University (US)
- University of Chicago (US)
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
- Catholic University of America (US)
- Moffitt Cancer Center (US)
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center (US)
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (US)
- University of Utah (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
- Published
- 2017-11
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1029-1040
- ISSN
- 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2117
- PMC
- PMC5662477
- OpenAlex
- W2645344634
- Semantic Scholar
- 33204dc7fc93f832c849e156b4bd96896bc75f43
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 5.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA018875)
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (K23AT008442)
- National Cancer Institute (P30CA016672)
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (K99MD010468)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- cognitive behavioral therapy, smoking cessation, tobacco dependence, smoking abstinence, therapeutic mechanisms, craving, withdrawal symptoms, self-efficacy, attentional bias, volitional control, anxiety, usual care
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Smoking, Tobacco Use Disorder, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Smoking Cessation, Behavior, Addictive, Treatment Outcome, Self Efficacy, Mindfulness, Craving
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