The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effect of sleep on memory: II. Differential effect of the first and second half of the night.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Yarush et al. (1340) were the first to report a beneficial effect of SWS-rich early sleep on declarative memory (word pairs), compared with retention performance across a REM sleep-rich late sleep or across corresponding wake intervals, and these findings were replicated in a later study of the same group (408).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [1340]
Citations
Cites
Kleitman, N., & Eckenhoff, J. E. (1964) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000441-196502000-00024 · Cited by 1,131
Obliviscence during sleep and waking
Jenkins, J. G., & Dallenbach, K. M. (1924) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1414040 · Cited by 741
Ekstrand, B. R. (1967) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0024907 · Cited by 133
Self-citation(1969) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(69)90277-7 · Cited by 90
Spontaneous recovery and sleep.
Ekstrand, B. R., Sullivan, M. J., Parker, D. F., & West, J. N. (1971) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0030642 · Cited by 58
Self-citationSleep, its nature and physiological organization
Koella, W. P. (1967) · Cited by 48
McGaugh, J. L. (1970) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-564350-4.50012-9 · Cited by 8
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Rasch, B., & Born, J. (2013) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2012 · Cited by 2,783
Hippocampal sharp wave-ripple: A cognitive biomarker for episodic memory and planning
Buzsáki, G. (2015) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.22488 · Cited by 1,759
The role of sleep in learning and memory
Maquet, P. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1062856 · Cited by 1,177
The Psychology and Neuroscience of Forgetting
Wixted, J. T. (2004) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141555 · Cited by 999
Wagner, U., Gais, S., & Born, J. (2001) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.36801 · Cited by 605
The whats and whens of sleep-dependent memory consolidation
Diekelmann, S., Wilhelm, I., & Born, J. (2009) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2008.08.002 · Cited by 566
Early sleep triggers memory for early visual discrimination skills
Gais, S., Plihal, W., Wagner, U., & Born, J. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/81881 · Cited by 558
Born, J., Rasch, B., & Gais, S. (2006) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858406292647 · Cited by 557
Declarative memory consolidation: mechanisms acting during human sleep
Gais, S., & Born, J. (2004) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.80504 · Cited by 536
Sleep and emotional processing
Tempesta, D., Socci, V., De Gennaro, L., & Ferrara, M. (2018) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2017.12.005 · Cited by 443
Effects of early and late nocturnal sleep on priming and spatial memory
Plihal, W., & Born, J. (1999) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/1469-8986.3650571 · Cited by 364
Sleep states and memory processes in humans: procedural versus declarative memory systems
Smith, C. (2001) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1053/smrv.2001.0164 · Cited by 355
Sleeping brain, learning brain. The role of sleep for memory systems
Peigneux, P., Laureys, S., Delbeuck, X., & Maquet, P. (2001) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200112210-00001 · Cited by 347
A daytime nap containing solely non-REM sleep enhances declarative but not procedural memory
Tucker, M., HIROTA, Y., Wamsley, E. J., LAU, H., Chaklader, A., & Fishbein, W. I. (2006) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2006.03.005 · Cited by 376
The relationships between memory systems and sleep stages
Rauchs, G., Desgranges, B., Foret, J., & Eustache, F. (2005) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2005.00450.x · Cited by 299
An opportunistic theory of cellular and systems consolidation
Mednick, S. C., Cai, D. J., Shuman, T., Anagnostaras, S., & Wixted, J. T. (2011) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2011.06.003 · Cited by 267
Sleep for Preserving and Transforming Episodic Memory
Inostroza, M., & Jan Born, A. (2013) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-062012-170429 · Cited by 279
Slow-wave sleep: From the cell to the clinic
Léger, D., Debellemanière, E., Rabat, A., Bayon, V., Benchenane, K., & Chennaoui, M. (2018) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2018.01.008 · Cited by 284
Differential Effects of Non-REM and REM Sleep on Memory Consolidation?
Ackermann, S., & Rasch, B. (2014) · Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s11910-013-0430-8 · Cited by 297
FOGEL, S., SMITH, C., & COTE, K. (2007) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2007.02.037 · Cited by 246
Backhaus, J., Junghanns, K., Born, J., Hohaus, K., Faasch, F., & Hohagen, F. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.051 · Cited by 265
REM sleep facilitation of adaptive waking behavior: A review of the literature.
McGrath, M. J., & Cohen, D. B. (1978) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.85.1.24 · Cited by 217
Groch, S., Wilhelm, I., Diekelmann, S., & Born, J. (2013) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2012.10.006 · Cited by 208
Fowler, M. J., Sullivan, M. J., & Ekstrand, B. R. (1973) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.179.4070.302 · Cited by 208
Self-citationMidlife decline in declarative memory consolidation is correlated with a decline in slow wave sleep
Backhaus, J., Born, J., Hoeckesfeld, R., Fokuhl, S., Hohagen, F., & Junghanns, K. (2007) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.470507 · Cited by 187
Scullin, M. K. (2013) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0028830 · Cited by 181
Sleep and memory in mammals, birds and invertebrates
Vorster, A. P., & Born, J. (2015) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.09.020 · Cited by 169
Tucker, M. A., & Fishbein, W. (2008) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/31.2.197 · Cited by 171
Treating insomnia: Current and investigational pharmacological approaches
Ebert, B., Wafford, K. A., & Deacon, S. (2006) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.04.014 · Cited by 169
Wagner, U. (2002) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000021940.35402.51 · Cited by 152
Effect of sleep on memory: III. Controlling for time-of-day effects.
Barrett, T. R., & Ekstrand, B. R. (1972) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0033625 · Cited by 146
Self-citationAuditory feedback blocks memory benefits of cueing during sleep
Schreiner, T., Lehmann, M., & Rasch, B. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms9729 · Cited by 139
The impact of sleep loss on hippocampal functionPreprint
Prince, T.-M. N., & Abel, T. G. (2013) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.031674.113 · Cited by 149
Slow-wave sleep and the consolidation of long-term memory
Jan Born, A. (2010) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622971003637637 · Cited by 147
A role for sleep in brain plasticity
Dang‐Vu, T. T., Desseilles, M., Peigneux, P., & Maquet, P. (2006) · Developmental Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.1080/13638490500138702 · Cited by 137
The effects of sleep on episodic memory in older and younger adults
Aly, M., & Moscovitch, M. (2010) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211003601548 · Cited by 125
Morning recall of verbal material depends on prior sleep organization
Ficca, G., Lombardo, P., Rossi, L., & Salzarulo, P. (2000) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(00)00177-7 · Cited by 121
REM sleep and memory consolidation
Tilley, A. J., & Empson, J. A. C. (1978) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/0301-0511(78)90031-5 · Cited by 118
Daytime napping: Effects on human direct associative and relational memory
Lau, H., Tucker, M. A., & Fishbein, W. (2010) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2010.02.003 · Cited by 115
Rihm, J. S., Diekelmann, S., Born, J., & Rasch, B. (2014) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00579 · Cited by 110
Virginie Sterpenich, A., Schmidt, C., Albouy, G., Matarazzo, L., Vanhaudenhuyse, A., Boveroux, P., Degueldre, C., Leclercq, Y., Balteau, E., Collette, F., et al. (2014) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.3762 · Cited by 118
Memory, sleep and the evolution of mechanisms of synaptic efficacy maintenance
Kavanau, J. L. (1997) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(96)00610-0 · Cited by 112
Slow Wave Sleep and REM Sleep Awakenings Do Not Affect Sleep Dependent Memory Consolidation
Genzel, L., Dresler, M., Wehrle, R., Grözinger, M., & Steiger, A. (2009) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/32.3.302 · Cited by 107
Memory consolidation during sleep: Interactive effects of sleep stages and HPA regulation: Review
Wagner, U., & Born, J. (2008) · Stress · doi:10.1080/10253890701408822 · Cited by 107
Sleep’s effects on cognition and learning in adolescence
Carskadon, M. A. (2011) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53817-8.00008-6 · Cited by 116
The impact of sleep deprivation on declarative memory
Cousins, J. N., & Fernández, G. (2019) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.01.007 · Cited by 117
Menz, M. M., Rihm, J. S., & Büchel, C. (2016) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3083-15.2016 · Cited by 99
“Such a paradigm uses the fact that in humans the first half of the night is usually dominated by SWS with only short or no REM-sleep phases, whereas during the second half, REM-sleep phases are more pronounced and SWS tends to fade (Yaroush et al., 1971; Fowler et al., 1973; Plihal and Born, 1997, 1999; Gais et al., 2…”
BackgroundThe adaptive function of sleep: The differential effects of sleep and dreaming on recall.
Grieser, C., Greenbérg, R., & Harrison, R. H. (1972) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0033641 · Cited by 99
Effect of Conditioned Stimulus Exposure during Slow Wave Sleep on Fear Memory Extinction in Humans
He, J., Sun, H., Li, S., Zhang, W., Shi, J., Ai, S., Li, Y., Li, X., Tang, X., & Lü, L. (2015) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.4502 · Cited by 92
Ficca, G. (2004) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2004.01.018 · Cited by 90
Dexamethasone blocks sleep induced improvement of declarative memory
Plihal, W., Pietrowsky, R., & Born, J. (1999) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(98)00080-8 · Cited by 90
Age-related changes in sleep and memory: commonalities and interrelationships
Hornung, O. P., Danker‐Hopfe, H., & Heuser, I. (2005) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2005.02.001 · Cited by 86
Feld, G. B., & Jan Born, A. (2019) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-019-0490-9 · Cited by 84
Spacing Repetitions Over Long Timescales: A Review and a Reconsolidation Explanation
Smith, C., & Scarf, D. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00962 · Cited by 89
The sleep benefit in episodic memory: An integrative review and a meta-analysis.
Berres, S., & Erdfelder, E. (2021) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000350 · Cited by 74
Sleep smart—optimizing sleep for declarative learning and memory
Feld, G. B., & Diekelmann, S. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00622 · Cited by 87
The Effect of REM Deprivation: Is It Detrimental, Beneficial, or Neutral?
Lewin, I., & Glaubman, H. (1975) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb01303.x · Cited by 74
THE EFFECT OF SLEEP ON HUMAN LONG-TERM MEMORY
EKSTRAND, B. R., BARRETT, T. R., WEST, J. N., & MAIER, W. G. (1977) · Neurobiology of Sleep and Memory · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-222350-1.50029-5 · Cited by 70
Self-citationMemory Consolidation, The Diurnal Rhythm of Cortisol, And The Nature Of Dreams
Payne, J. D. (2010) · International Review of Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(10)92006-0 · Cited by 69
Vocabulary learning benefits from REM after slow-wave sleep
Batterink, L. J., Westerberg, C. E., & Paller, K. A. (2017) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2017.07.001 · Cited by 67
Brown, G. D. A. (. D. A. )., & Lewandowsky, S. (2010) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203851647 · Cited by 63
Signs of REM sleep dependent enhancement of implicit face memory: a repetition priming study
Wagner, U., Hallschmid, M., Verleger, R., & Born, J. (2003) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0511(02)00125-4 · Cited by 63
Memory, sleep, and dynamic stabilization of neural circuitry: Evolutionary perspectives
Kavanau, J. L. (1996) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/0149-7634(95)00019-4 · Cited by 61
Forgetting as a Function of Sleep at Different Times of Day
Hockey, G. R. J., Davies, S., & Gray, M. M. (1972) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/14640747208400297 · Cited by 62
Caveats on psychological models of sleep and memory: A compass in an overgrown scenario
Conte, F., & Ficca, G. (2012) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2012.04.001 · Cited by 62
Contributions of post-learning REM and NREM sleep to memory retrieval
MacDonald, K. J., & Côté, K. A. (2021) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101453 · Cited by 66
Nocturnal sleep architecture disturbances in early methadone treatment patients
Xiao, L., Tang, Y., Smith, A. K., Xiang, Y., Sheng, L.-X., Chi, Y., Du, W., Guo, S., Jiang, Z.-N., Zhang, G., et al. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2009.02.003 · Cited by 56
Sleep, brain activation and cognition
Dujardin, K., Guerrién, A., & Leconte, P. (1990) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(90)90382-e · Cited by 58
How to become an expert: a new perspective on the role of sleep in the mastery of procedural skills
Fogel, S. M., Ray, L. B., Binnie, L., & Owen, A. M. (2015) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2015.10.004 · Cited by 55
Morgenthaler, J., Wiesner, C. D., Hinze, K., Abels, L. C., Prehn‐Kristensen, A., & Göder, R. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089849 · Cited by 55
The Limited Capacity of Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation
Feld, G. B., Weis, P. P., & Jan Born, A. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01368 · Cited by 52
Isolated REM Sleep Facilitates Recall of Complex Associative Information
Scrima, L. (1982) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1982.tb02556.x · Cited by 50
Groch, S., Wilhelm, I., Lange, T., & Jan Born, A. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.08.006 · Cited by 49
Curiosity-driven memory enhancement persists over time but does not benefit from post-learning sleep
Stare, C., Gruber, M. J., Nadel, L., Ranganath, C., & Gómez, R. L. (2018) · Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17588928.2018.1513399 · Cited by 51
Role of normal sleep and sleep apnea in human memory processing
Ahuja, S., Chen, R. K., Kam, K., Pettibone, W. D., Osorio, R. S., & Varga, A. W. (2018) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s125299 · Cited by 50
Aarons, L. (1976) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.83.1.1 · Cited by 47
The EEG as an index of neuromodulator balance in memory and mental illness
Vakalopoulos, C. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2014.00063 · Cited by 45
Sleep not just protects memories against forgetting, it also makes them more accessible
Dumay, N. (2015) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2015.06.007 · Cited by 47
Effects of REM Time on What Is Recalled
Cartwright, R. D., Lloyd, S., Butters, E., Weiner, L., Mccarthy, L., & Hancock, J. (1975) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb00047.x · Cited by 43
The Effect of a Daytime Nap on Priming and Recognition Tasks in Preschool Children
Giganti, F., Arzilli, C., Conte, F., Toselli, M., Viggiano, M. P., & Ficca, G. (2014) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.3766 · Cited by 43
Slow wave and REM sleep deprivation effects on explicit and implicit memory during sleep.
Casey, S. J., Solomons, L. C., Steier, J. S., Kabra, N., Burnside, A. M., Pengo, M. F., Moxham, J., Goldstein, L. H., & Kopelman, M. D. (2016) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/neu0000314 · Cited by 46
The Effect of Sleep Before or After Learning on Memory
Grosvenor, A., & Lack, L. C. (1984) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/7.2.155 · Cited by 41
Sleep Stages and Verbal Memory
Castaldo, V., Krynicki, V., & Goldstein, J. (1974) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1974.39.3.1023 · Cited by 40
Sleep and Memory: Retention 8 and 24 Hours After Initial Learning
Benson, K., & Feinberg, I. (1975) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb01275.x · Cited by 39
Sleep, Dreams and memory: an overview
Cipolli, C. (1995) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1995.tb00143.x · Cited by 39
Effects of Habitual Variations in Napping on Psychomotor Performance, Memory and Subjective States
Taub, J. M. (1979) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.3109/00207457909147225 · Cited by 40
Naps in school can enhance the duration of declarative memories learned by adolescents
Lemos, N., Weissheimer, J., & Ribeiro, S. T. G. (2014) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2014.00103 · Cited by 38
Slow wave sleep and recollection in recognition memory
Daurat, A., Terrier, P., Foret, J., & Tiberge, M. (2007) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2006.06.011 · Cited by 38
Ribeiro, S., & Stickgold, R. (2014) · Trends in Neuroscience and Education · doi:10.1016/j.tine.2014.02.004 · Cited by 37
Slow wave sleep and accelerated forgetting
Atherton, K. E., Nobre, A. C., Lázár, A. S., Wulff, K., Whittaker, R. G., Dhawan, V., Lázár, Z. I., Zeman, A. Z., & Butler, C. (2016) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2016.08.013 · Cited by 37
Active processing of declarative knowledge during REM‐sleep dreaming
Cipolli, C., Bolzani, R., Tuozzi, G., & Fagioli, I. (2001) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2001.00268.x · Cited by 33
The Role of Sleep in Memory Consolidation
Payne, J. D., Ellenbogen, J. M., Walker, M. P., & Stickgold, R. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012370509-9.00181-9 · Cited by 33
Malinowski, J. E., & Horton, C. L. (2021) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2020.103071 · Cited by 28
Facilitated Recall Following RFM And NREM Naps
Schoen, L. S., & Badia, P. (1984) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1984.tb02937.x · Cited by 28
Sleep’s contribution to memory formation
Lutz, N. D., Harkotte, M., & Jan Born, A. (2025) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00054.2024 · Cited by 51
Sleep’s role in the reconsolidation of declarative memories
Klinzing, J. G., Rasch, B., Jan Born, A., & Diekelmann, S. (2016) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2016.10.004 · Cited by 29
Impact of sex steroids and reproductive stage on sleep-dependent memory consolidation in women
Baker, F. C., Sattari, N. S., de Zambotti, M., Goldstone, A., Alaynick, W. A., & Mednick, S. C. (2018) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2018.03.017 · Cited by 28
Retrieval and sleep both counteract the forgetting of spatial information.
Antony, J. W., & Paller, K. A. (2018) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.046268.117 · Cited by 25
Recognition memory, sleep and circadian rhythms.
Nesca, M., & Koulack, D. (1994) · Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale · doi:10.1037/1196-1961.48.3.359 · Cited by 28
APOEε4 and slow wave sleep in older adults
Tranah, G. J., Yaffe, K. S., Nievergelt, C. M., Parimi, N., Glymour, M. M., Ensrud, K. E., Cauley, J. A., Ancoli‐Israel, S., Mariani, S., Redline, S. S., et al. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0191281 · Cited by 24
Metadata
- Authors
- Yaroush, R., Sullivan, M. J., & Ekstrand, B. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado System (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology
- Published
- 1971
- Volume
- 88
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 361-366
- ISSN
- 0022-1015 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2058755793
- Cited by
- 175
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 1.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- sleep, memory consolidation, circadian rhythm, sleep stages, memory retention
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Memory, Paired-Associate Learning, Sleep, Sleep Stages, Sleep, REM, Time Factors, Wakefulness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review