Early sleep triggers memory for early visual discrimination skills
Abstract
Improvement after practicing visual texture discrimination does not occur until several hours after practice has ended. We show that this improvement strongly depends on sleep. To specify the process responsible for sleep-related improvement, we compared the effects of 'early' and 'late' sleep, dominated respectively by slow-wave and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Discrimination skills significantly improved over early sleep, improved even more over a whole night's sleep, but did not improve after late sleep alone. These findings suggest that procedural memory formation is prompted by slow-wave sleep-related processes. Late REM sleep may promote memory formation at a second stage, only after periods of early sleep have occurred.
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Greatest improvement in texture discrimination thresholds occurs after a whole night of sleep containing both early SWS-rich and late REM-rich sleep; early SWS-rich sleep alone has intermediate effects; REM-rich late sleep alone is completely ineffective.
“Similarly, studies adopting the night-half paradigm revealed the greatest improvement in texture discrimination thresholds after a whole night of sleep contained both early SWS-rich and late REM-rich sleep, whereas early SWS-rich sleep per se had only intermediate effects, and REM-rich late sleep was completely ineffective (433).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [433]
Procedural tasks like visuomotor adaptation and visual texture discrimination also benefit from SWS.
“The hypothesis has been challenged by findings showing that procedural tasks like visuomotor adaptation and visual texture discrimination also benefit from SWS (10,433,581,582).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [433]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Gais, S., Plihal, W., Wagner, U., & Born, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Lübeck (DE)
- ORCID
- Wagner, Ullrich
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2000-12
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1335-1339
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- OpenAlex
- W1590431286
- Cited by
- 558
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 14.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- sleep-dependent memory consolidation, procedural memory, slow-wave sleep, REM sleep, motor skill learning
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Circadian Rhythm, Discrimination Learning, Humans, Memory, Neuropsychological Tests, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation, Sleep, REM
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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