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Cited by 85Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchMemory and Neural MechanismsMemory Processes and Influences

Reduced hippocampal volume is associated with overgeneralization of negative context in individuals with PTSD

Levy-Gigi, Einat, Szabo, Csilla, Richter-Levin, Gal, Kéri, Szabolcs·2015·Neuropsychology
DOI 10.1037/neu0000131
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies demonstrated reduced hippocampal volume in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the functional role the hippocampus plays in PTSD symptomatology is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to explore generalization learning and its connection to hippocampal volume in individuals with and without PTSD. Animal and human models argue that hippocampal deficit may result in failure to process contextual information. Therefore we predicted associations between reduced hippocampal volume and overgeneralization of context in individuals with PTSD. METHOD: We conducted MRI scans of bilateral hippocampal and amygdala formations as well as intracranial and total brain volumes. Generalization was measured using a novel-learning paradigm, which separately evaluates generalization of cue and context in conditions of negative and positive outcomes. RESULTS: As expected, MRI scans indicated reduced hippocampal volume in PTSD compared to non-PTSD participants. Behavioral results revealed a selective deficit in context generalization learning in individuals with PTSD, F(1, 43) = 8.27, p < .01, η(p)² = .16. Specifically, as predicted, while generalization of cue was spared in both groups, individuals with PTSD showed overgeneralization of negative context. Hence, they could not learn that a previously negative context is later associated with a positive outcome, F(1, 43) = 7.33, p = .01, η(p)² = .15. Most importantly, overgeneralization of negative context significantly correlated with right and left hippocampal volume (r = .61, p = .000; r = .5, p = .000). Finally, bilateral hippocampal volume provided the strongest prediction of overgeneralization of negative context. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced hippocampal volume may account for the difficulty of individuals with PTSD to differentiate negative and novel conditions and hence may facilitate reexperiencing symptoms.

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Crossref · 10.1037/neu0000131

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  • Impairment of hippocampal functioning, resulting in dysfunctional context generalization in patients with PTSD, might cause patients to re-experience trauma-related symptoms.

    “Impairment of hippocampal functioning, resulting dysfunctional context generalization in patients with PTSD, might cause patients to re-experience trauma-related symptoms (161).”

    From Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain–Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders (2018) · cites this paper as [161]

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Authors
Levy-Gigi, E., Szabo, C., Richter-Levin, G., & Kéri, S.
Affiliations
University of Szeged (HU)
ORCID
Kéri, Szabolcs
Venue
Neuropsychology
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
2015
Volume
29
Issue
1
Pages
151-161
ISSN
  • 0894-4105 (ISSN-L)
  • 1931-1559
DOI
10.1037/neu0000131
OpenAlex
W2327039089
Cited by
85
References
83
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4
FWCI
9.83
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Neuropsychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • SZTE Publicatio Repozitórium (University of Szeged) (acceptedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Keywords
post-traumatic stress disorder, hippocampal volume, context generalization, overgeneralization, negative contexts, amygdala, contextual learning, re-experiencing symptoms, hippocampal atrophy
MeSH terms
Adult, Amygdala, Brain, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Learning, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Organ Size, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

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