Cited by 564Cell death mechanisms and regulationAdenosine and Purinergic SignalingAutophagy in Disease and Therapy

Molecular mechanisms of ATP secretion during immunogenic cell death

Open access
Martins, I, Wang, Y, Michaud, M, Ma, Y, Sukkurwala, A Q, Shen, S, Kepp, O, Métivier, D +4 more·2014·Cell Death & Differentiation

Abstract

The immunogenic demise of cancer cells can be induced by various chemotherapeutics, such as anthracyclines and oxaliplatin, and provokes an immune response against tumor-associated antigens. Thus, immunogenic cell death (ICD)-inducing antineoplastic agents stimulate a tumor-specific immune response that determines the long-term success of therapy. The release of ATP from dying cells constitutes one of the three major hallmarks of ICD and occurs independently of the two others, namely, the pre-apoptotic exposure of calreticulin on the cell surface and the postmortem release of high-mobility group box 1 (HMBG1) into the extracellular space. Pre-mortem autophagy is known to be required for the ICD-associated secretion of ATP, implying that autophagy-deficient cancer cells fail to elicit therapy-relevant immune responses in vivo. However, the precise molecular mechanisms whereby ATP is actively secreted in the course of ICD remain elusive. Using a combination of pharmacological screens, silencing experiments and techniques to monitor the subcellular localization of ATP, we show here that, in response to ICD inducers, ATP redistributes from lysosomes to autolysosomes and is secreted by a mechanism that requires the lysosomal protein LAMP1, which translocates to the plasma membrane in a strictly caspase-dependent manner. The secretion of ATP additionally involves the caspase-dependent activation of Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1)-mediated, myosin II-dependent cellular blebbing, as well as the opening of pannexin 1 (PANX1) channels, which is also triggered by caspases. Of note, although autophagy and LAMP1 fail to influence PANX1 channel opening, PANX1 is required for the ICD-associated translocation of LAMP1 to the plasma membrane. Altogether, these findings suggest that caspase- and PANX1-dependent lysosomal exocytosis has an essential role in ATP release as triggered by immunogenic chemotherapy.

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Crossref · 10.1038/cdd.2013.75

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  • Executioner caspases can positively or negatively regulate the emission of multiple DAMPs from dying cells, including immunostimulatory as well as immunosuppressive factors.

    “This said, executioner caspases can positively or negatively regulate the emission of multiple DAMPs from dying cells, including immunostimulatory [229] as well as immunosuppressive [230] factors.”
  • In ICD, ATP release occurs downstream of caspase activation and involves autolysosomal ATP accumulation, LAMP1 relocalization, ROCK1-dependent blebbing, and PANX1 opening.

    “In the context of ICD, ATP is released through a cascade of events occurring downstream of caspase activation and involving: (1) the autophagy-dependent accumulation of ATP within autolysosomes (the organelles forming by the fusion of autophagosomes or amphisomes with lysosomes), (2) the relocalization of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) to the plasma membrane, (3) ROCK1-dependent”

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Menger L, Vacchelli E, Kepp O, Eggermont A, Tartour E, Zitvogel L et al. Trial watch: cardiac glycosides and cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2: e23082.
  2. Vacchelli E, Galluzzi L, Fridman WH, Galon J, Sautes-Fridman C, Tartour E et al. Trial Watch: chemotherapy with immunogenic cell death inducers. Oncoimmunology 2012; 1: 179-188.
  3. Vacchelli E, Senovilla L, Eggermont A, Fridman WH, Galon J, Zitvogel L et al. Trial Watch: chemotherapy with immunogenic cell death inducers. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2: e23510.

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Authors
Martins, I., Wang, Y., Michaud, M., Ma, Y., Sukkurwala, A. Q., Shen, S., Kepp, O., Métivier, D., Galluzzi, L., Perfettini, J.-L., Zitvogel, L., & Kroemer, G.
Affiliations
  • Université Paris-Sud (FR)
  • Institut Gustave Roussy (FR)
  • Inserm (FR)
Corresponding author
Kroemer, G
Venue
Cell Death & Differentiation
Published
2013-07-12
Volume
21
Issue
1
Pages
79-91
ISSN
  • 1350-9047 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-5403
OpenAlex
W1991505853
Cited by
563
References
61
Citations by year
2026: 53 · 2025: 57 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 10
FWCI
13.87
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cell Death and Differentiation (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Sidaction
  • European Commission
  • Agence Nationale de la Recherche
  • Fondation de France
  • Institut National Du Cancer
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Physiology › Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
Keywords
immunogenic cell death, ATP release, lysosomal exocytosis, LAMP1, autophagy, caspase activation, Panx1 channels, ROCK1, myosin II, immunogenic chemotherapy, anthracyclines, oxaliplatin, cancer immunotherapy
MeSH terms
Autophagy-Related Protein 5, Adenosine Triphosphate, Animals, Antineoplastic Agents, Cell Membrane, DNA-Binding Proteins, Humans, Lysosomes, Microtubule-Associated Proteins, Nerve Tissue Proteins, RNA-Binding Proteins, Cell Death, Connexins, HMGB1 Protein, Myosin Type II, RNA Interference, RNA, Small Interfering, Cell Line, Tumor, Mice, Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1, rho-Associated Kinases

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