Acid sphingomyelinase activity triggers microparticle release from glial cells
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
EVs isolated under short ATP stimulation are negative for apoptotic markers and are not contaminated by intracellular organelles derived from damaged cells.
“Our previous evidence indicates that EVs isolated under short ATP stimulation are negative for apoptotic markers and are not contaminated by intracellular organelles derived from damaged cells, as indicated by electron microscopy [6, 78] and western blot analysis [29].”
From Glia-to-neuron transfer of miRNAs via extracellular vesicles: a new mechanism underlying inflammation-induced synaptic alterations (2018) · cites this paper as [6]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Functional rafts in cell membranes
Simons, K., & Ikonen, E. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/42408 · Cited by 9,757 · cited 2× · see citing works
“brane fluidity and structural integrity of the PM (Simons and Ikonen, 1997).”
BackgroundExosomes are released by cultured cortical neurones
Fauré, J., Lachenal, G., Court, M., Hirrlinger, J., Chatellard-Causse, C., Blot, B., Grange, J., Schoehn, G., Goldberg, Y., Boyer, V., et al. (2006) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2005.12.003 · Cited by 896 · see citing works
Qu, Y., Franchi, L., Nunez, G., & Dubyak, G. R. (2007) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.179.3.1913 · Cited by 563 · see citing works
Potolicchio, I., Carven, G. J., Xu, X., Stipp, C., Riese, R. J., Stern, L. J., & Santambrogio, L. (2005) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.175.4.2237 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 58
- Andrei C, Dazzi C, Lotti L, Torrisi MR, Chimini G, Rubartelli A (1999) The secretory route of the leaderless protein interleukin 1beta involves exocytosis of endolysosome-related vesicles. Mol Biol Cell 10: 1463– 1475 10233156 PMC25302
- Bianco F, Pravettoni E, Colombo A, Schenk U, Moller T, Matteoli M, Verderio C (2005) Astrocyte-derived ATP induces vesicle shedding and IL-1 beta release from microglia. J Immunol 174: 7268– 7277 15905573
- Brough D, Le Feuvre RA, Wheeler RD, Solovyova N, Hilfiker S, Rothwell NJ, Verkhratsky A (2003) Ca2+ stores and Ca2+ entry differentially contribute to the release of IL-1 beta and IL-1 alpha from murine macrophages. J Immunol 170: 3029– 3036 12626557
- Brough D, Rothwell NJ (2007) Caspase-1-dependent processing of pro-interleukin-1beta is cytosolic and precedes cell death. J Cell Sci 120: 772– 781 17284521
- Calegari F, Coco S, Taverna E, Bassetti M, Verderio C, Corradi N, Matteoli M, Rosa P (1999) A regulated secretory pathway in cultured hippocampal astrocytes. J Biol Chem 274: 22539– 22547 10428831
- Chang CP, Zhao J, Wiedmer T, Sims PJ (1993) Contribution of platelet microparticle formation and granule secretion to the transmembrane migration of phosphatidylserine. J Biol Chem 268: 7171– 7178 8463253
- Coleman ML, Sahai EA, Yeo M, Bosch M, Dewar A, Olson MF (2001) Membrane blebbing during apoptosis results from caspase-mediated activation of ROCK I. Nat Cell Biol 3: 339– 345 11283606
- da Cruz CM, Ventura AL, Schachter J, Costa-Junior HM, da Silva Souza HA, Gomes FR, Coutinho-Silva R, Ojcius DM, Persechini PM (2006) Activation of ERK1/2 by extracellular nucleotides in macrophages is mediated by multiple P2 receptors independently of P2X7-associated pore or channel formation. Br J Pharmacol 147: 324– 334 16341234 PMC1751299
- Denlinger LC, Fisette PL, Sommer JA, Watters JJ, Prabhu U, Dubyak GR, Proctor RA, Bertics PJ (2001) Cutting edge: the nucleotide receptor P2X7 contains multiple protein- and lipid-interaction motifs including a potential binding site for bacterial lipopolysaccharide. J Immunol 167: 1871– 1876 11489964
- Donnelly-Roberts DL, Namovic MT, Faltynek CR, Jarvis MF (2004) Mitogen-activated protein kinase and caspase signaling pathways are required for P2X7 receptor (P2X7R)-induced pore formation in human THP-1 cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 308: 1053– 1061 14634045
- Duan S, Neary JT (2006) P2X(7) receptors: properties and relevance to CNS function. Glia 54: 738– 746 17006902
- Falcone S, Perrotta C, De Palma C, Pisconti A, Sciorati C, Capobianco A, Rovere-Querini P, Manfredi AA, Clementi E (2004) Activation of acid sphingomyelinase and its inhibition by the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate pathway: key events in Escherichia coli-elicited apoptosis of dendritic cells. J Immunol 173: 4452– 4463 15383576
- Faria RX, Defarias FP, Alves LA (2005) Are second messengers crucial for opening the pore associated with P2X7 receptor? Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 288: 260– 271 15469955
- Ferrari D, Chiozzi P, Falzoni S, Dal Susino M, Collo G, Buell G, Di Virgilio F (1997) ATP-mediated cytotoxicity in microglial cells. Neuropharmacology 9: 1295– 1301 9364484
- Furlan R, Martino G, Galbiati F, Poliani PL, Smiroldo S, Bergami A, Desina G, Comi G, Flavell R, Su MS, Adorini L (1999) Caspase-1 regulates the inflammatory process leading to autoimmune demyelination. J Immunol 163: 2403– 2409 10452974
- Garcia-Marcos M, Pochet S, Marino A, Dehaye JP (2006) P2X7 and phospholipid signalling: the search of the “missing link” in epithelial cells. Cell Signal 18: 2098– 2104 16815675
- Goni FM, Alonso A (2006) Biophysics of sphingolipids I. Membrane properties of sphingosine, ceramides and other simple sphingolipids. Biochim Biophys Acta 1758: 1902– 1921 17070498
- Grassmé H, Jekle A, Riehle A, Schwarz H, Berger J, Sandhoff K, Kolesnick R, Gulbins E (2001) CD95 signaling via ceramide-rich membrane rafts. J Biol Chem 276: 20589– 20596 11279185
- Grassmé H, Jendrossek V, Riehle A, von Kürthy G, Berger J, Schwarz H, Weller M, Kolesnick R, Gulbins E (2003) Host defense against Pseudomonas aeruginosa requires ceramide-rich membrane rafts. Nat Med 9: 322– 330 12563314
- Gudipaty L, Munetz J, Verhoef PA, Dubyak GR (2003) Essential role for Ca2+ in regulation of IL-1beta secretion by P2X7 nucleotide receptor in monocytes, macrophages, and HEK-293 cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 285: 286– 299 12660148
- Gulbins E, Jekle A, Ferlinz K, Grassmé H, Lang F (2000) Physiology of apoptosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 4: 605– 615 10997910
- Gulbins E (2003) Regulation of death receptor signaling and apoptosis by ceramide. Pharmacol Res 47: 393– 399 12676513
- Heijnen HF, Schiel AE, Fijnheer R, Geuze HJ, Sixma JJ (1999) Activated platelets release two types of membrane vesicles: microvesicles by surface shedding and exosomes derived from exocytosis of multivesicular bodies and alpha-granules. Blood 11: 3791– 3799 10572093
- Ikegami M, Dhami R, Schuchman EH (2003) Alveolar lipoproteinosis in an acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mouse model of Niemann-Pick disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 284: 518– 525 12495943
- Koval M, Pagano RE (1991) Intracellular transport and metabolism of sphingomyelin. Biochim Biophys Acta 1082: 113– 125 2007175
- Lepine S, Le Stunff H, Lakatos B, Sulpice JC, Giraud F (2006) ATP-induced apoptosis of thymocytes is mediated by activation of P2 X 7 receptor and involves de novo ceramide synthesis and mitochondria. Biochim Biophys Acta 1761: 73– 82 16325464
- Leventhal AR, Chen W, Tall AR, Tabas I (2001) Acid sphingomyelinase-deficient macrophages have defective cholesterol trafficking and efflux. J Biol Chem 276: 44976– 44983 11579092
- Locovei S, Scemes E, Qiu F, Spray DC, Dahl G (2007) Pannexin1 is part of the pore forming unit of the P2X(7) receptor death complex. FEBS Lett 581: 483– 488 17240370 PMC1868681
- MacKenzie A, Wilson HL, Kiss-Toth E, Dower SK, North RA, Surprenant A (2001) Rapid secretion of interleukin-1beta by microvesicle shedding. Immunity 15: 825– 835 11728343
- Marchesini N, Hannun YA (2004) Acid and neutral sphingomyelinases: roles and mechanisms of regulation. Biochem Cell Biol 82: 27– 44 15052326
- Martin D, Near SL (1995) Protective effect of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats. J Neuroimmunol 61: 241– 245 7593560
- Marty V, Médina C, Combe C, Parnet P, Amédée T (2005) ATP binding cassette transporter ABC1 is required for the release of interleukin-1beta by P2X7-stimulated and lipopolysaccharide-primed mouse Schwann cells. Glia 49: 511– 519 15578659
- Marzesco AM, Janich P, Wilsch-Brauninger M, Dubreuil V, Langenfeld K, Corbeil D, Huttner WB (2005) Release of extracellular membrane particles carrying the stem cell marker prominin-1 (CD133) from neural progenitors and other epithelial cells. J Cell Sci 118: 2849– 2858 15976444
- Minai OA, Sullivan EJ, Stoller JK (2000) Pulmonary involvement in Niemann-Pick disease: case report and literature review. Respir Med 12: 1241– 1251 11192962
- Morelli A, Chiozzi P, Chiesa A, Ferrari D, Sanz JM, Falzoni S, Pinton P, Rizzuto R, Olson MF, Di Virgilio F (2003) Extracellular ATP causes ROCK I-dependent bleb formation in P2X7-transfected HEK293 cells. Mol Biol Cell 14: 2655– 2664 12857854 PMC165666
- Morelli AE, Larregina AT, Shufesky WJ, Sullivan ML, Stolz DB, Papworth GD, Zahorchak AF, Logar AJ, Wang Z, Watkins SC, Falo LD Jr, Thomson AW (2004) Endocytosis, intracellular sorting, and processing of exosomes by dendritic cells. Blood 104: 3257– 3266 15284116
- Nedergaard M, Ransom B, Goldman SA (2003) New roles for astrocytes: redefining the functional architecture of the brain. Trends Neurosci 10: 523– 530 14522144
- Neufeld EB, Cooney AM, Pitha J, Dawidowicz EA, Dwyer NK, Pentchev PG, Blanchette-Mackie EJ (1996) Intracellular trafficking of cholesterol monitored with a cyclodextrin. J Biol Chem 271: 21604– 21613 8702948
- Ng CG, Griffin DE (2006) Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency increases susceptibility to fatal alphavirus encephalomyelitis. J Virol 80: 10989– 10999 16943298 PMC1642146
- Nurminen TA, Holopainen JM, Zhao H, Kinnunen PK (2002) Observation of topical catalysis by sphingomyelinase coupled to microspheres. J Am Chem Soc 124: 12129– 12134 12371852
- Pelegrin P, Surprenant A (2006) Pannexin-1 mediates large pore formation and interleukin-1beta release by the ATP-gated P2X7 receptor. EMBO J 25: 5071– 5082 17036048 PMC1630421
- Pelegrin P, Surprenant A (2007) Pannexin-1 couples to maitotoxin- and nigericin-induced interleukin-1beta release through a dye uptake-independent pathway. J Biol Chem 282: 2386– 2394 17121814
- Perrotta C, Bizzozero L, Falcone S, Rovere-Querini P, Prinetti A, Schuchman EH, Sonnino S, Manfredi AA, Clementi E (2007) Nitric oxide boosts chemoimmunotherapy via inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase in a mouse model of melanoma. Cancer Res 67: 7559– 7564 17699758
- Pollak Y, Orion E, Goshen I, Ovadia H, Yirmiya R (2002) Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-associated behavioral syndrome as a model of ‘depression due to multiple sclerosis'. Brain Behav Immun 16: 533– 543 12401467
- Ratajczak J, Wysoczynski M, Hayek F, Janowska-Wieczorek A, Ratajczak MZ (2006) Membrane-derived microvesicles: important and underappreciated mediators of cell-to-cell communication. Leukemia 20: 1487– 1495 16791265
- Sanz JM, Di Virgilio F (2000) Kinetics and mechanism of ATP-dependent IL-1 beta release from microglial cells. J Immunol 164: 4893– 4898 10779799
- Schiera G, Proia P, Alberti C, Mineo M, Savettieri G, Di Liegro I (2007) Neurons produce FGF2 and VEGF and secrete them at least in part by shedding extracellular vesicles. J Cell Mol Med 6: 1384– 1394 18205708 PMC4401300
- Simpson RJ, Jensen SS, Lim JW (2008) Proteomic profiling of exosomes: current perspectives. Proteomics 19: 4083– 4099 18780348
- Slotte JP, Hedstrom G, Rannstrom S, Ekman S (1989) Effects of sphingomyelin degradation on cell cholesterol oxidizability and steady-state distribution between the cell surface and the cell interior. Biochim Biophys Acta 985: 90– 96 2790049
- Smalheiser NR (2007) Exosomal transfer of proteins and RNAs at synapses in the nervous system. Biol Direct 2: 35 18053135 PMC2219957
- Suzuki T, Hide I, Ido K, Kohsaka S, Inoue K, Nakata Y (2004) Production and release of neuroprotective tumor necrosis factor by P2X7 receptor-activated microglia. J Neurosci 24: 1– 7 14715932 PMC6729576
- Taylor AR, Robinson MB, Gifondorwa DJ, Tytell M, Milligan CE (2007) Regulation of heat shock protein 70 release in astrocytes: role of signaling kinases. Dev Neurobiol 13: 1815– 1829 17701989
- Tepper AD, Ruurs P, Wiedmer T, Sims PJ, Borst J, van Blitterswijk WJ (2000) Sphingomyelin hydrolysis to ceramide during the execution phase of apoptosis results from phospholipid scrambling and alters cell-surface morphology. J Cell Biol 150: 155– 164 10893264 PMC2185573
- Théry C, Boussac M, Véron P, Ricciardi-Castagnoli P, Raposo G, Garin J, Amigorena S (2001) Proteomic analysis of dendritic cell-derived exosomes: a secreted subcellular compartment distinct from apoptotic vesicles. J Immunol 166: 7309– 7318 11390481
- Trajkovic K, Hsu C, Chiantia S, Rajendran L, Wenzel D, Wieland F, Schwille P, Brugger B, Simons M (2008) Ceramide triggers budding of exosome vesicles into multivesicular endosomes. Science 319: 1244– 1247 18309083
- Van Blitterswijk WJ, De Veer G, Krol JH, Emmelot P (1982) Comparative lipid analysis of purified plasma membranes and shed extracellular membrane vesicles from normal murine thymocytes and leukemic GRSL cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 688: 495– 504 7104337
- Verhoef PA, Estacion M, Schilling W, Dubyak GR (2003) P2X7 receptor-dependent blebbing and the activation of Rho-effector kinases, caspases, and IL-1 beta release. J Immunol 170: 5728– 5738 12759456
- Wiemann B, Van GY, Danilenko DM, Yan Q, Matheson C, Munyakazi L, Ogenstad S, Starnes CO (1998) Combined treatment of acute EAE in Lewis rats with TNF-binding protein and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Exp Neurol 149: 455– 463 9500957
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Shedding light on the cell biology of extracellular vesicles
van Niel, G., D'Angelo, G., & Raposo, G. (2018) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm.2017.125 · Cited by 8,369 · see citing works
Biogenesis, Secretion, and Intercellular Interactions of Exosomes and Other Extracellular Vesicles
Colombo, M., Raposo, G., & Théry, C. (2014) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-101512-122326 · Cited by 6,186 · see citing works
Understanding the mechanism of IL-1β secretion
Lopez-Castejon, G., & Brough, D. (2011) · Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2011.10.001 · Cited by 1,519 · see citing works
The P2X7 Receptor in Infection and Inflammation
Di Virgilio, F., Dal Ben, D., Sarti, A. C., Giuliani, A. L., & Falzoni, S. (2017) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2017.06.020 · Cited by 1,267 · see citing works
Extracellular vesicles round off communication in the nervous system
Budnik, V., Ruiz-Cañada, C., & Wendler, F. (2016) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2015.29 · Cited by 712 · see citing works
Brites, D., & Fernandes, A. (2015) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2015.00476 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
“EVs released from primary cortical astrocytes and microglial cells appear to be triggered by ATP-mediated activation of P2X7 receptors, after exposure of phosphatidylserine at the cell surface, followed by downstream stimulation of acid sphingomyelinase (Bianco et al., 2009).”
BackgroundThe potential of endurance exercise-derived exosomes to treat metabolic diseases
Safdar, A., Saleem, A., & Tarnopolsky, M. A. (2016) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2016.76 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
Astrocytes as secretory cells of the central nervous system: idiosyncrasies of vesicular secretion
Verkhratsky, A., Matteoli, M., Parpura, V., Mothet, J., & Zorec, R. (2016) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.201592705 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Self-citationAntonucci, F., Turola, E., Riganti, L., Caleo, M., Gabrielli, M., Perrotta, C., Novellino, L., Clementi, E., Giussani, P., Viani, P., et al. (2012) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/emboj.2011.489 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Self-citationExtracellular vesicles: lipids as key components of their biogenesis and functions
Record, M., Silvente-Poirot, S., Poirot, M., & Wakelam, M. O. (2018) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.e086173 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Prada, I., Gabrielli, M., Turola, E., Iorio, A., D’Arrigo, G., Parolisi, R., De Luca, M., Pacifici, M., Bastoni, M., Lombardi, M., et al. (2018) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-017-1803-x · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Self-citationDonor dendritic cell–derived exosomes promote allograft-targeting immune response
Liu, Q., Rojas-Canales, D. M., Divito, S. J., Shufesky, W. J., Stolz, D. B., Erdos, G., Sullivan, M. L. G., Gibson, G. A., Watkins, S. C., Larregina, A. T., et al. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci84577 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Upadhya, R., Zingg, W., Shetty, S., & Shetty, A. K. (2020) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.017 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Emerging roles of exosomes in neuron-glia communication
Frühbeis, C., Fröhlich, D., & Krämer-Albers, E.-M. (2012) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2012.00119 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
P2X7 Interactions and Signaling – Making Head or Tail of It
Kopp, R., Krautloher, A., Ramírez-Fernández, A., & Nicke, A. (2019) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2019.00183 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
The crosstalk: exosomes and lipid metabolism
Wang, W., Zhu, N., Yan, T., Shi, Y.-N., Chen, J., Zhang, C.-J., Xie, X.-J., Liao, D.-F., & Qin, L. (2020) · Cell Communication and Signaling · doi:10.1186/s12964-020-00581-2 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Exosomes as Mediators of the Systemic Adaptations to Endurance Exercise
Safdar, A., & Tarnopolsky, M. A. (2018) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a029827 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Savage, C. D., Lopez-Castejon, G., Denes, A., & Brough, D. (2012) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2012.00288 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
The P2X7 Receptor-Interleukin-1 Liaison
Giuliani, A. L., Sarti, A. C., Falzoni, S., & Di Virgilio, F. (2017) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00123 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
The P2X7 Receptor: Central Hub of Brain Diseases
Andrejew, R., Oliveira-Giacomelli, Á., Ribeiro, D. E., Glaser, T., Arnaud-Sampaio, V. F., Lameu, C., & Ulrich, H. (2020) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2020.00124 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Exosomes and stem cells in degenerative disease diagnosis and therapy
Chang, Y.-H., Wu, K.-C., Harn, H.-J., Lin, S.-Z., & Ding, D.-C. (2018) · Cell Transplantation · doi:10.1177/0963689717723636 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Agosta, F., Dalla Libera, D., Spinelli, E. G., Finardi, A., Canu, E., Bergami, A., Bocchio Chiavetto, L., Baronio, M., Comi, G., Martino, G., et al. (2014) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.24235 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationMicroglial large extracellular vesicles propagate early synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease
Gabrielli, M., Prada, I., Joshi, P., Falcicchia, C., D’Arrigo, G., Rutigliano, G., Battocchio, E., Zenatelli, R., Tozzi, F., Radeghieri, A., et al. (2022) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awac083 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Self-citationMicroglia communication: parallels between aging and Alzheimer's disease
Udeochu, J. C., Shea, J. M., & Villeda, S. A. (2016) · Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1111/cen3.12307 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Graziano, F., Desdouits, M., Garzetti, L., Podini, P., Alfano, M., Rubartelli, A., Furlan, R., Benaroch, P., & Poli, G. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1500656112 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationEngineered extracellular vesicles as brain therapeutics
Lino, M. M., Simões, S., Tomatis, F., Albino, I., Barrera, A., Vivien, D., Sobrino, T., & Ferreira, L. (2021) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.037 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Sphingolipids in Psychiatric Disorders and Pain Syndromes
Mühle, C., Reichel, M., Gulbins, E., & Kornhuber, J. (2013) · Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-1511-4_22 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
ATP-Gated P2X7 Receptors Require Chloride Channels To Promote Inflammation in Human Macrophages
Janks, L., Sprague, R. S., & Egan, T. M. (2019) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1801101 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bianco, F., Perrotta, C., Novellino, L., Francolini, M., Riganti, L., Menna, E., Saglietti, L., Schuchman, E. H., Furlan, R., Clementi, E., Matteoli, M., & Verderio, C.
- Venue
- The EMBO Journal
- Published
- 2009-03-19
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1043-1054
- ISSN
- 0261-4189
- 1460-2075
- PMC
- PMC2664656
- Cited by
- 550
- References
- 4
- Language
- en
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review