Cited by 397Cellular transport and secretionNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchExtracellular vesicles in disease

Astrocytes as secretory cells of the central nervous system: idiosyncrasies of vesicular secretion

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Verkhratsky, Alexei, Matteoli, Michela, Parpura, Vladimir, Mothet, Jean‐Pierre, Zorec, Robert·2016·The EMBO Journal

Abstract

Astrocytes are housekeepers of the central nervous system (CNS) and are important for CNS development, homeostasis and defence. They communicate with neurones and other glial cells through the release of signalling molecules. Astrocytes secrete a wide array of classic neurotransmitters, neuromodulators and hormones, as well as metabolic, trophic and plastic factors, all of which contribute to the gliocrine system. The release of neuroactive substances from astrocytes occurs through several distinct pathways that include diffusion through plasmalemmal channels, translocation by multiple transporters and regulated exocytosis. As in other eukaryotic cells, exocytotic secretion from astrocytes involves divergent secretory organelles (synaptic-like microvesicles, dense-core vesicles, lysosomes, exosomes and ectosomes), which differ in size, origin, cargo, membrane composition, dynamics and functions. In this review, we summarize the features and functions of secretory organelles in astrocytes. We focus on the biogenesis and trafficking of secretory organelles and on the regulation of the exocytotic secretory system in the context of healthy and diseased astrocytes.

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Authors
Verkhratsky, A., Matteoli, M., Parpura, V., Mothet, J., & Zorec, R.
Affiliations
  • Ikerbasque (ES)
  • IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital (IT)
  • Civitan International (US)
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
  • University of Ljubljana (SI)
Corresponding author
  • Verkhratsky, Alexei
  • Matteoli, Michela
  • Parpura, Vladimir
  • Mothet, Jean‐Pierre
  • Zorec, Robert
Venue
The EMBO Journal
Published
2016-01-12
Volume
35
Issue
3
Pages
239-257
ISSN
  • 0261-4189 (ISSN-L)
  • 1460-2075
OpenAlex
W2237126879
Cited by
397
References
253
Citations by year
2026: 19 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 67 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 1
FWCI
4.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • The EMBO Journal (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HAL AMU (submittedVersion)
  • Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Alzheimer's Research Trust (02.B.49.21.0003)
  • The Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod
  • Russian Scientific Foundation (14‐15‐00633)
  • Italian Ministry of Health (GR‐2011‐02347377)
  • Cariplo (2014‐0655)
  • Progetto CNR Invecchiamento‐ CUP (B44G13000080005)
  • National Institutes of Health (HD078678)
  • CNRS
  • University Aix Marseille
  • Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale
  • The Research Agency of Slovenia (P3 310, J3 3236, J3 4051, J3‐4146, J3 6790, J3 6789)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
Keywords
astrocytes, vesicular secretion, exocytosis, secretory organelles, synaptic-like microvesicles, dense core vesicles, exosomes, ectosome, lysosomes, astrocyte dysfunction
MeSH terms
Animals, Astrocytes, Cell Communication, Central Nervous System, Humans, Protein Transport, Secretory Vesicles, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Secretory Pathway

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