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The architecture of human kin detection
Open accessAbstract
Evolved mechanisms for assessing genetic relatedness have been found in many species, but their existence in humans has been a matter of controversy. Here we report three converging lines of evidence, drawn from siblings, that support the hypothesis that kin detection mechanisms exist in humans. These operate by computing, for each familiar individual, a unitary regulatory variable (the kinship index) that corresponds to a pairwise estimate of genetic relatedness between self and other. The cues that the system uses were identified by quantitatively matching individual exposure to potential cues of relatedness to variation in three outputs relevant to the system's evolved functions: sibling altruism, aversion to personally engaging in sibling incest, and moral opposition to third party sibling incest. As predicted, the kin detection system uses two distinct, ancestrally valid cues to compute relatedness: the familiar other's perinatal association with the individual's biological mother, and duration of sibling coresidence.
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“Because pathogen undetectability and lethal allele homozygosity clearly threaten genetic extinction, incestuous sexual intercourse elicits core disgust (Lieberman et al. 2007).”
From Disgusting Bodies, Disgusting Religion: The Biology of Tantra (2011) · cites this paper as Lieberman et al. 2007
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“This score should minimally encode a tally of past interactions, but 511 could possibly also be combined with a kinship coefficient, relative formidability, or dominance 512 rank of ego and other (Jaeggi et al., 2010b; Lieberman et al., 2007; Sell et al., 2009; Tooby & 513 Cosmides, 2008; Tooby et al., 2008).”
BackgroundNeural, cognitive, and evolutionary foundations of human altruism
Marsh, A. A. (2015) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Cognitive Science · doi:10.1002/wcs.1377 · Cited by 122
“Both variables predict self-reported altruistic behaviors toward siblings, including the number of favors previously performed for the sibling and willingness to donate a kidney to the sibling in the future.(22) At the neural level, the mechanisms that may be involved in identifying kin are not well understood, but co…”
BackgroundParent-offspring conflict and the evolution of infant-directed song
Mehr, S. A., & Krasnow, M. M. (2017) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2016.12.005 · Cited by 115
Lankford, A. (2013) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.51-2152 · Cited by 116
Psychology of Human Kin Recognition: Heuristic Cues, Erroneous Inferences, and Their Implications
Park, J. H., Schaller, M., & van Vugt, M. (2008) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.12.3.215 · Cited by 118
“There is evidence that some kinrecognition cues exert effects on both nepotistic and incest-avoidant responses (Lieberman et al., 2007), which is consistent with a single computational mechanism, but it remains possible that there may be some differences in implicit kinship inferences across…”
BackgroundInfluentialHuman ability to detect kinship in strangers' faces: effects of the degree of relatedness
Kaminski, G., Dridi, S., Graff, C., & Gentaz, É. (2009) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0677 · Cited by 113
“…2009 26 May 2009 3193 The specific behaviours observed in these studies implicitly demonstrate the existence of kin recognition in humans, but its mechanisms (see Lieberman et al. 2007 for a recent theoretical model and Lieberman et al. 2008 for a functional framework) remain poorly documented.”
BackgroundThe rat-a-gorical imperative: Moral intuition and the limits of affective learning
Greene, J. D. (2017) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2017.03.004 · Cited by 119
Al-Shawaf, L., Lewis, D. M. G., & Buss, D. M. (2014) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2014.11.003 · Cited by 109
The Effect of Social Category on Third Party Punishment
Lieberman, D., & Linke, L. H. (2007) · Evolutionary Psychology · doi:10.1177/147470490700500203 · Cited by 109
“In closing, kinship and group membership are important social categories that influence a wide range of decisions and behaviors (e.g., Burnstein, Crandall, Kitayama, 1995 Lieberman et al., 2003, 2007; Sidanius, Pratto, and Mitchell, 1994).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe role of sexual imprinting and the Westermarck effect in mate choice in humans
Rantala, M. J., & Marcinkowska, U. M. (2011) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/s00265-011-1145-y · Cited by 109
“This is consistent with Lieberman et al. (2007) who suggested that, in humans, kin detection is based on two distinct ancestrally valid cues to compute relatedness: (1) the familiar other's perinatal association with the individual's biological mother and (2) the duration of sibling co-residence.”
BackgroundInfluentialEudaimonia as a Way of Living: Connecting Aristotle with Self-Determination Theory
Ryan, R. M., & Martela, F. (2016) · International handbooks of quality-of-life · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-42445-3_7 · Cited by 120
A Two-Dimensional Model for the Study of Interpersonal Attraction
Montoya, R. M., & Horton, R. S. (2013) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868313501887 · Cited by 116
Brazil's football warriors: Social bonding and inter-group violence
Newson, M., Bortolini, T., Buhrmester, M. D., da Silva, S. R., da Aquino, J. N. Q., & Whitehouse, H. (2018) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2018.06.010 · Cited by 112
Petersen, M. B., Sell, A. N., Tooby, J., & Cosmides, L. (2010) · doi:10.1007/978-1-137-05001-4_5 · Cited by 100
Self-citationde Jong, P. J., van Overveld, M., & Borg, C. (2013) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2012.746280 · Cited by 104
Abe, N., & Greene, J. D. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0217-14.2014 · Cited by 101
Human Cooperation and the Crises of Climate Change, COVID-19, and Misinformation
Lange, P. A. M. V., & Rand, D. G. (2021) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-110044 · Cited by 104
Invariances in the architecture of pride across small-scale societies
Sznycer, D., Xygalatas, D., Alami, S., An, X.-F., Ananyeva, K. I., Fukushima, S., Hitokoto, H., Kharitonov, A. N., Koster, J., Onyishi, C. N., et al. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1808418115 · Cited by 94
“, how to respond to cues of the recipient’s relatedness, skills, trustworthiness, or ability to defend her interests (25)].”
BackgroundSelf-citationFamily Matters: Rethinking the Psychology of Human Social Motivation
Ko, A. C., Pick, C. M., Kwon, J. Y., Barlev, M., Krems, J. A., Varnum, M. E. W., Neel, R., Peysha, M., Boonyasiriwat, W., Brandstätter, E., et al. (2019) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691619872986 · Cited by 100
“However, several evolutionarily oriented psychologists have also begun to study social relationships within the family (e.g., Laham et al., 2005; Lieberman et al., 2007; Park, Schaller, & Van Vugt, 2008; Salmon & Shackelford, 2007).”
BackgroundNepotistic Patterns of Violent Psychopathy: Evidence for Adaptation?
Krupp, D. B., Sewall, L. A., Lalumière, M. L., Sheriff, C., & Harris, G. T. (2012) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00305 · Cited by 92
“To maintain levels of nepotistic inhibition similar to nonpsychopaths, violent psychopaths might make use of kin discrimination mechanisms, such as those based on within-household association (Lieberman et al., 2007) and phenotypic similarity (DeBruine, 2002; Krupp et al.”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Lieberman, D., Tooby, J., & Cosmides, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
- University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lieberman, Debra
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2007-02
- Volume
- 445
- Issue
- 7129
- Pages
- 727-731
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC3581061
- OpenAlex
- W2167697644
- Cited by
- 748
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 58
- FWCI
- 36.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (DP1OD000516)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Keywords
- genetic relatedness, inbreeding avoidance, human evolution, social cognition
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Altruism, Animals, Child, Child, Preschool, Cues, Data Collection, Humans, Incest, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Mothers, Sexual Behavior, Sibling Relations, Time Factors, Artifacts, Living Donors, Siblings, Heredity
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