CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 9,442Genetic Associations and EpidemiologyGenetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and AnimalsGenetic and phenotypic traits in livestock

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 149 of the 149 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Genome-wide association study of 14,000 cases of seven common diseases and 3,000 shared controls

Open access
The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Management Committee, Burton, Paul R., Clayton, David G., Cardon, Lon R., Craddock, Nick, Deloukas, Panos, Duncanson, Audrey, Kwiatkowski, Dominic P., McCarthy, Mark I., Ouwehand, Willem H., Samani, Nilesh J., Todd, John A., Donnelly, Peter, Data and Analysis Committee, Barrett, Jeffrey C., Burton, Paul R., Davison, Dan, Donnelly, Peter, Easton, Doug, Evans, David, Leung, Hin-Tak, Marchini, Jonathan L., Morris, Andrew P., Spencer, Chris C. A., Tobin, Martin D., Cardon, Lon R., Clayton, David G., UK Blood Services and University of Cambridge Controls, Attwood, Antony P., Boorman, James P., Cant, Barbara, Everson, Ursula, Hussey, Judith M., Jolley, Jennifer D., Knight, Alexandra S., Koch, Kerstin, Meech, Elizabeth, Nutland, Sarah, Prowse, Christopher V., Stevens, Helen E., Taylor, Niall C., Walters, Graham R., Walker, Neil M., Watkins, Nicholas A., Winzer, Thilo, Todd, John A., Ouwehand, Willem H., 1958 Birth Cohort Controls, Jones, Richard W., McArdle, Wendy L., Ring, Susan M., Strachan, David P., Pembrey, Marcus, Bipolar Disorder, Breen, Gerome, St Clair, David, Caesar, Sian, Gordon-Smith, Katherine, Jones, Lisa, Fraser, Christine, Green, Elaine K., Grozeva, Detelina, Hamshere, Marian L., Holmans, Peter A., Jones, Ian R., Kirov, George, Moskvina, Valentina, Nikolov, Ivan, O'Donovan, Michael C., Owen, Michael J., Craddock, Nick, Collier, David A., Elkin, Amanda, Farmer, Anne, Williamson, Richard, McGuffin, Peter, Young, Allan H., Ferrier, I. Nicol, Coronary Artery Disease, Ball, Stephen G., Balmforth, Anthony J., Barrett, Jennifer H., Bishop, D. Timothy, Iles, Mark M., Maqbool, Azhar, Yuldasheva, Nadira, Hall, Alistair S., Braund, Peter S., Burton, Paul R., Dixon, Richard J., Mangino, Massimo, Stevens, Suzanne, Tobin, Martin D., Thompson, John R., Samani, Nilesh J., Crohn’s Disease, Bredin, Francesca, Tremelling, Mark, Parkes, Miles, Drummond, Hazel, Lees, Charles W., Nimmo, Elaine R., Satsangi, Jack, Fisher, Sheila A., Forbes, Alastair, Lewis, Cathryn M., Onnie, Clive M., Prescott, Natalie J., Sanderson, Jeremy, Mathew, Christopher G., Barbour, Jamie, Mohiuddin, M. Khalid, Todhunter, Catherine E., Mansfield, John C., Ahmad, Tariq, Cummings, Fraser R., Jewell, Derek P., Hypertension, Webster, John, Brown, Morris J., Clayton, David G., Lathrop, G. Mark, Connell, John, Dominiczak, Anna, Samani, Nilesh J., Marcano, Carolina A. Braga, Burke, Beverley, Dobson, Richard, Gungadoo, Johannie, Lee, Kate L., Munroe, Patricia B., Newhouse, Stephen J., Onipinla, Abiodun, Wallace, Chris, Xue, Mingzhan, Caulfield, Mark, Farrall, Martin, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Barton, Anne, and Genomics, The Biologics in RA Genetics, Bruce, Ian N., Donovan, Hannah, Eyre, Steve, Gilbert, Paul D., Hider, Samantha L., Hinks, Anne M., John, Sally L., Potter, Catherine, Silman, Alan J., Symmons, Deborah P. M., Thomson, Wendy, Worthington, Jane, Type 1 Diabetes, Clayton, David G., Dunger, David B., Nutland, Sarah, Stevens, Helen E., Walker, Neil M., Widmer, Barry, Todd, John A., Type 2 Diabetes, Frayling, Timothy M., Freathy, Rachel M., Lango, Hana, Perry, John R. B., Shields, Beverley M., Weedon, Michael N., Hattersley, Andrew T., Hitman, Graham A., Walker, Mark, Elliott, Kate S., Groves, Christopher J., Lindgren, Cecilia M., Rayner, Nigel W., Timpson, Nicholas J., Zeggini, Eleftheria, McCarthy, Mark I., Tuberculosis, Newport, Melanie, Sirugo, Giorgio, Lyons, Emily, Vannberg, Fredrik, Hill, Adrian V. S., Ankylosing Spondylitis, Bradbury, Linda A., Farrar, Claire, Pointon, Jennifer J., Wordsworth, Paul, Brown, Matthew A., Autoimmune Thyroid Disease, Franklyn, Jayne A., Heward, Joanne M., Simmonds, Matthew J., Gough, Stephen C. L., Breast Cancer, Seal, Sheila, Susceptibility Collaboration, Breast Cancer, Stratton, Michael R., Rahman, Nazneen, Multiple Sclerosis, Ban, Maria, Goris, An, Sawcer, Stephen J., Compston, Alastair, Gambian Controls, Conway, David, Jallow, Muminatou, Newport, Melanie, Sirugo, Giorgio, Rockett, Kirk A., Kwiatkowski, Dominic P., DNA, Genotyping, Data QC and Informatics, Bumpstead, Suzannah J., Chaney, Amy, Downes, Kate, Ghori, Mohammed J. R., Gwilliam, Rhian, Hunt, Sarah E., Inouye, Michael, Keniry, Andrew, King, Emma, McGinnis, Ralph, Potter, Simon, Ravindrarajah, Rathi, Whittaker, Pamela, Widden, Claire, Withers, David, Deloukas, Panos, Leung, Hin-Tak, Nutland, Sarah, Stevens, Helen E., Walker, Neil M., Todd, John A., Statistics, Easton, Doug, Clayton, David G., Burton, Paul R., Tobin, Martin D., Barrett, Jeffrey C., Evans, David, Morris, Andrew P., Cardon, Lon R., Cardin, Niall J., Davison, Dan, Ferreira, Teresa, Pereira-Gale, Joanne, Hallgrimsdóttir, Ingileif B., Howie, Bryan N., Marchini, Jonathan L., Spencer, Chris C. A., Su, Zhan, Teo, Yik Ying, Vukcevic, Damjan, Donnelly, Peter, Primary Investigators, Bentley, David, Brown, Matthew A., Cardon, Lon R., Caulfield, Mark, Clayton, David G., Compston, Alistair, Craddock, Nick, Deloukas, Panos, Donnelly, Peter, Farrall, Martin, Gough, Stephen C. L., Hall, Alistair S., Hattersley, Andrew T., Hill, Adrian V. S., Kwiatkowski, Dominic P., Mathew, Christopher G., McCarthy, Mark I., Ouwehand, Willem H., Parkes, Miles, Pembrey, Marcus, Rahman, Nazneen, Samani, Nilesh J., Stratton, Michael R., Todd, John A., Worthington, Jane·2007·Nature
DOI 10.1038/nature05911PMC PMC2719288
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

There is increasing evidence that genome-wide association (GWA) studies represent a powerful approach to the identification of genes involved in common human diseases. We describe a joint GWA study (using the Affymetrix GeneChip 500K Mapping Array Set) undertaken in the British population, which has examined approximately 2,000 individuals for each of 7 major diseases and a shared set of approximately 3,000 controls. Case-control comparisons identified 24 independent association signals at P < 5 x 10(-7): 1 in bipolar disorder, 1 in coronary artery disease, 9 in Crohn's disease, 3 in rheumatoid arthritis, 7 in type 1 diabetes and 3 in type 2 diabetes. On the basis of prior findings and replication studies thus-far completed, almost all of these signals reflect genuine susceptibility effects. We observed association at many previously identified loci, and found compelling evidence that some loci confer risk for more than one of the diseases studied. Across all diseases, we identified a large number of further signals (including 58 loci with single-point P values between 10(-5) and 5 x 10(-7)) likely to yield additional susceptibility loci. The importance of appropriately large samples was confirmed by the modest effect sizes observed at most loci identified. This study thus represents a thorough validation of the GWA approach. It has also demonstrated that careful use of a shared control group represents a safe and effective approach to GWA analyses of multiple disease phenotypes; has generated a genome-wide genotype database for future studies of common diseases in the British population; and shown that, provided individuals with non-European ancestry are excluded, the extent of population stratification in the British population is generally modest. Our findings offer new avenues for exploring the pathophysiology of these important disorders. We anticipate that our data, results and software, which will be widely available to other investigators, will provide a powerful resource for human genetics research.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/nature05911

Cites

149 of 149 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 148 references

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 801–900 of 1,130

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Management Committee, Burton, P. R., Clayton, D. G., Cardon, L. R., Craddock, N., Deloukas, P., Duncanson, A., Kwiatkowski, D. P., McCarthy, M. I., Ouwehand, W. H., Samani, N. J., Todd, J. A., Donnelly, P., Data and Analysis Committee, Barrett, J. C., Burton, P. R., Davison, D., Donnelly, P., Easton, D., Evans, D., Leung, H.-T., Marchini, J. L., Morris, A. P., Spencer, C. C. A., Tobin, M. D., Cardon, L. R., Clayton, D. G., UK Blood Services and University of Cambridge Controls, Attwood, A. P., Boorman, J. P., Cant, B., Everson, U., Hussey, J. M., Jolley, J. D., Knight, A. S., Koch, K., Meech, E., Nutland, S., Prowse, C. V., Stevens, H. E., Taylor, N. C., Walters, G. R., Walker, N. M., Watkins, N. A., Winzer, T., Todd, J. A., Ouwehand, W. H., Controls, 1. B. C., Jones, R. W., McArdle, W. L., Ring, S. M., Strachan, D. P., Pembrey, M., Disorder, B., Breen, G., St Clair, D., Caesar, S., Gordon-Smith, K., Jones, L., Fraser, C., Green, E. K., Grozeva, D., Hamshere, M. L., Holmans, P. A., Jones, I. R., Kirov, G., Moskvina, V., Nikolov, I., O'Donovan, M. C., Owen, M. J., Craddock, N., Collier, D. A., Elkin, A., Farmer, A., Williamson, R., McGuffin, P., Young, A. H., Ferrier, I. N., Disease, C. A., Ball, S. G., Balmforth, A. J., Barrett, J. H., Bishop, D. T., Iles, M. M., Maqbool, A., Yuldasheva, N., Hall, A. S., Braund, P. S., Burton, P. R., Dixon, R. J., Mangino, M., Stevens, S., Tobin, M. D., Thompson, J. R., Samani, N. J., Disease, C., Bredin, F., Tremelling, M., Parkes, M., Drummond, H., Lees, C. W., Nimmo, E. R., Satsangi, J., Fisher, S. A., Forbes, A., Lewis, C. M., Onnie, C. M., Prescott, N. J., Sanderson, J., Mathew, C. G., Barbour, J., Mohiuddin, M. K., Todhunter, C. E., Mansfield, J. C., Ahmad, T., Cummings, F. R., Jewell, D. P., Hypertension, Webster, J., Brown, M. J., Clayton, D. G., Lathrop, G. M., Connell, J., Dominiczak, A., Samani, N. J., Marcano, C. A. B., Burke, B., Dobson, R., Gungadoo, J., Lee, K. L., Munroe, P. B., Newhouse, S. J., Onipinla, A., Wallace, C., Xue, M., Caulfield, M., Farrall, M., Arthritis, R., Barton, A., and Genomics, T. B. I. R. G., Bruce, I. N., Donovan, H., Eyre, S., Gilbert, P. D., Hider, S. L., Hinks, A. M., John, S. L., Potter, C., Silman, A. J., Symmons, D. P. M., Thomson, W., Worthington, J., Diabetes, T. 1., Clayton, D. G., Dunger, D. B., Nutland, S., Stevens, H. E., Walker, N. M., Widmer, B., Todd, J. A., Diabetes, T. 2., Frayling, T. M., Freathy, R. M., Lango, H., Perry, J. R. B., Shields, B. M., Weedon, M. N., Hattersley, A. T., Hitman, G. A., Walker, M., Elliott, K. S., Groves, C. J., Lindgren, C. M., Rayner, N. W., Timpson, N. J., Zeggini, E., McCarthy, M. I., Tuberculosis, Newport, M., Sirugo, G., Lyons, E., Vannberg, F., Hill, A. V. S., Spondylitis, A., Bradbury, L. A., Farrar, C., Pointon, J. J., Wordsworth, P., Brown, M. A., Disease, A. T., Franklyn, J. A., Heward, J. M., Simmonds, M. J., Gough, S. C. L., Cancer, B., Seal, S., Susceptibility Collaboration, B. C., Stratton, M. R., Rahman, N., Sclerosis, M., Ban, M., Goris, A., Sawcer, S. J., Compston, A., Controls, G., Conway, D., Jallow, M., Newport, M., Sirugo, G., Rockett, K. A., Kwiatkowski, D. P., DNA, G., Bumpstead, S. J., Chaney, A., Downes, K., Ghori, M. J. R., Gwilliam, R., Hunt, S. E., Inouye, M., Keniry, A., King, E., McGinnis, R., Potter, S., Ravindrarajah, R., Whittaker, P., Widden, C., Withers, D., Deloukas, P., Leung, H.-T., Nutland, S., Stevens, H. E., Walker, N. M., Todd, J. A., Statistics, Easton, D., Clayton, D. G., Burton, P. R., Tobin, M. D., Barrett, J. C., Evans, D., Morris, A. P., Cardon, L. R., Cardin, N. J., Davison, D., Ferreira, T., Pereira-Gale, J., Hallgrimsdóttir, I. B., Howie, B. N., Marchini, J. L., Spencer, C. C. A., Su, Z., Teo, Y. Y., Vukcevic, D., Donnelly, P., Primary Investigators, Bentley, D., Brown, M. A., Cardon, L. R., Caulfield, M., Clayton, D. G., Compston, A., Craddock, N., Deloukas, P., Donnelly, P., Farrall, M., Gough, S. C. L., Hall, A. S., Hattersley, A. T., Hill, A. V. S., Kwiatkowski, D. P., Mathew, C. G., McCarthy, M. I., Ouwehand, W. H., Parkes, M., Pembrey, M., Rahman, N., Samani, N. J., Stratton, M. R., Todd, J. A., & Worthington, J.
Affiliations
  • Wellcome Trust (GB)
  • University of Cambridge (GB)
  • National Health Service (GB)
  • Welsh Blood Service (GB)
  • Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service (GB)
  • University of Bristol (GB)
  • St George's, University of London (GB)
  • Wellcome Sanger Institute (GB)
  • University of Aberdeen (GB)
  • Cardiff University (GB)
  • King's College London (GB)
  • University of Leicester (GB)
  • University of Leeds (GB)
  • Western General Hospital (GB)
  • Guy's Hospital (GB)
  • University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
  • Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
  • Royal Victoria Infirmary (GB)
  • University of Glasgow (GB)
  • University of Manchester (GB)
  • Queen Mary University of London (GB)
  • Centre for Human Genetics (GB)
  • University of Exeter (GB)
  • The University of Queensland (AU)
  • Institute of Cancer Research (GB)
  • University of Birmingham (GB)
  • Cancer Research UK (GB)
  • University of Oxford (GB)
  • Churchill Hospital (GB)
ORCID
Venue
Nature
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2007-06-07
Volume
447
Issue
7145
Pages
661-678
ISSN
  • 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4687
DOI
10.1038/nature05911
PMC
PMC2719288
OpenAlex
W2134783591
Cited by
9,442
References
148
Citations by year
2026: 88 · 2025: 157 · 2024: 220 · 2023: 211 · 2022: 247 · 2021: 292 · 2020: 285 · 2019: 306 · 2018: 357 · 2017: 386 · 2016: 412 · 2015: 484 · 2014: 532 · 2013: 608 · 2012: 728
FWCI
586.53
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nature (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
  • Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (publishedVersion)
  • Lincoln Repository (University of Lincoln) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
  • ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (submittedVersion)
  • QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
  • ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
  • Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
  • Lirias (submittedVersion)
  • Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester) (submittedVersion)
  • University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
  • Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • ResearchSpace (University of Auckland) (submittedVersion)
  • UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation
  • Wellcome Trust (077011, 090532, 076113)
  • Cancer Research UK
  • British Heart Foundation
  • Leverhulme Trust
  • Diabetes UK
  • National Institutes of Health
  • Medical Research Council
  • Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
  • Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
Keywords
genome-wide association study, disease susceptibility loci, bipolar disorder, coronary artery disease, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, population stratification, British population, genotype database, genetic risk factors, Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, effect size, replication study, novel loci
MeSH terms
Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Bipolar Disorder, Chromosomes, Human, Coronary Artery Disease, Crohn Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Gene Frequency, Genetic Markers, Genetics, Population, Geography, United Kingdom, Humans, Hypertension, Genome, Human, Case-Control Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review