High-Fat Diet Induced Anxiety and Anhedonia: Impact on Brain Homeostasis and Inflammation
Open accessAbstract
Depression and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are highly comorbid disorders that carry a large public health burden. However, there is a clear lack of knowledge of the neural pathological pathways underlying these illnesses. The present study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which a diet rich in fat can cause multiple complications in the brain, thereby affecting intracellular signaling and gene expression that underlie anxiety and depressive behaviors. The results show that a high-fat diet (HFD; ~16 weeks) causes anxiety and anhedonic behaviors. Importantly, the results also show that 4 months of HFD causes disruption of intracellular cascades involved in synaptic plasticity and insulin signaling/glucose homeostasis (ie, Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), P70S6K), as well as increased corticosterone levels and activation of the innate immune system, including elevation of inflammatory cytokines (ie, IL-6, IL-1β, TNFα). Interestingly, the rapid acting antidepressant ketamine reverses the behavioral deficits caused by HFD and activates ERK and P70S6 kinase signaling in the prefrontal cortex. In addition, we found that pharmacological blockade of the innate immune inflammasome system by repeated administration of an inhibitor of the purinergic P2X7 receptor blocks the anxiety caused by HFD. Together these studies further elucidate the signaling pathways that underlie chronic HFD exposure on anxiety and depressive behaviors, and identify novel therapeutic targets for patients with metabolic disorder or T2D who suffer from anxiety and depression.
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Consumption of a high-fat diet for approximately 16 weeks results in anxiety and anhedonic behaviors, and 4 months of HFD consumption results in increased levels of corticosterone and blood glucose, which activate the innate immune system, increasing release of inflammatory cytokines.
“Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD; for approximately 16 weeks) results in anxiety and anhedonic behaviors, and 4 months of HFD consumption results in increased levels of corticosterone and blood glucose, which also activate the innate immune system, increasing the release of inflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α).”
From Major depressive disorder: hypothesis, mechanism, prevention and treatment (2024) · cites this paper as [239]
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredGiving HFD-fed rats a P2X7R antagonist greatly alleviates their anxiety.
“Additionally, giving HFD-fed rats a P2X 7 R antagonist greatly alleviates their anxiety. 239”
From Major depressive disorder: hypothesis, mechanism, prevention and treatment (2024) · cites this paper as [239]
The behavioral abnormalities that arise from long-term consumption of a HFD are quickly reversed by ketamine.
“The behavioral abnormalities that arise from long-term consumption of a HFD are quickly reversed by ketamine.”
From Major depressive disorder: hypothesis, mechanism, prevention and treatment (2024) · cites this paper as [239]
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- Authors
- Dutheil, S., Ota, K. T., Wohleb, E. S., Rasmussen, K., & Duman, R. S.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Eli Lilly (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Duman, Ronald S
- Venue
- Neuropsychopharmacology
- Published
- 2015-12-14
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1874-1887
- ISSN
- 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
- 1740-634X
- PMC
- PMC4869056
- OpenAlex
- W2205259970
- Cited by
- 355
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 9
- FWCI
- 4.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- high-fat diet, anxiety, anhedonia, depression, type 2 diabetes, insulin signaling, synaptic plasticity, corticosterone, innate immune activation, inflammatory cytokines, inflammasome, P2X7 receptor, ketamine, prefrontal cortex, neuroinflammation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anxiety, Body Weight, Brain, Corticosterone, Disease Models, Animal, Exploratory Behavior, Feeding Behavior, Food Preferences, Gene Expression Regulation, Guanidines, Hyperglycemia, Inflammation, Male, Quinolines, Signal Transduction, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Recognition, Psychology, Rats, Diet, High-Fat, Anhedonia
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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