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Adipokines in inflammation and metabolic disease
Open accessAbstract
The worldwide epidemic of obesity has brought considerable attention to research aimed at understanding the biology of adipocytes (fat cells) and the events occurring in adipose tissue (fat) and in the bodies of obese individuals. Accumulating evidence indicates that obesity causes chronic low-grade inflammation and that this contributes to systemic metabolic dysfunction that is associated with obesity-linked disorders. Adipose tissue functions as a key endocrine organ by releasing multiple bioactive substances, known as adipose-derived secreted factors or adipokines, that have pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory activities. Dysregulated production or secretion of these adipokines owing to adipose tissue dysfunction can contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-linked complications. In this Review, we focus on the role of adipokines in inflammatory responses and discuss their potential as regulators of metabolic function.
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“Increased leptin levels have been found in the obese population, inducing a leptin-resistance state, accompanied by increased ROS, TNF-α, IL-6 and chemokine ligands.”
From The Role of Exercise in the Interplay between Myokines, Hepatokines, Osteokines, Adipokines, and Modulation of Inflammation for Energy Substrate Redistribution and Fat Mass Loss: A Review (2020) · cites this paper as [216]
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“Additionally, it augments Th1 cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ while suppressing Th2 cytokine IL-4 [216].”
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“In obesity, adiponectin levels are found to be reduced [216], given that its expression is inhibited by hypoxia, oxidative stress [228], insulin resistance [229], TNF-α, IL-6 [229], “catecholamine resistance” [239], fetuin A [148], and SeP [136].”
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“In the context of obesity, adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) change their phenotype from M2 to M1.”
From Sarcopenic obesity: epidemiology, pathophysiology, cardiovascular disease, mortality, and management (2023) · cites this paper as [19]
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“By acting on white adipocyte mass, mitochondrial uncouplers could protect against diabetes, as limiting hyperaccumulation of triacyglycerol (TAG) in these cells might limit organelle stress [91,273,274,275] and modifications in the expression pattern of genes encoding adipokines, which are known to communicate the level of adiposity to other organs [221,276].”
From Mitochondrial Uncoupling: A Key Controller of Biological Processes in Physiology and Diseases (2019) · cites this paper as [276]
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“Adiponectin is an antiatherogenic adipokine that also protects against metabolic disorders through improvements in insulin secretion and sensitivity [22].”
From Bariatric surgery: remission of inflammation, cardiometabolic benefits, and common adverse effects (2020) · cites this paper as [22]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ouchi, N., Parker, J. L., Lugus, J. J., & Walsh, K.
- Affiliations
- Nagoya University (JP)
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Walsh, Kenneth
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Immunology
- Published
- 2011-01-21
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 85-97
- ISSN
- 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
- 1474-1741
- PMC
- PMC3518031
- OpenAlex
- W2088940658
- Cited by
- 4,625
- References
- 188
- Citations by year
- 2026: 294 · 2025: 311 · 2024: 301 · 2023: 326 · 2022: 363 · 2021: 358 · 2020: 370 · 2019: 371 · 2018: 286 · 2017: 335 · 2016: 279 · 2015: 270 · 2014: 264 · 2013: 250 · 2012: 171
- FWCI
- 27.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG015052, R37AG015052, AG15052, AG34972, R01AG034972)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL81587, R01HL086785, P01HL081587, HL 86785)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Keywords
- adipokines, adipose tissue, obesity, low-grade inflammation, metabolic disorders, adipocytes, adipose tissue dysfunction, adipose tissue endocrine function, metabolic dysfunction
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Inflammation, Obesity, Adipokines
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