Cited by 1,140Cancer Immunotherapy and BiomarkersImmune cells in cancerCancer Cells and Metastasis

Immunological hallmarks of stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment

Turley, Shannon J., Cremasco, Viviana, Astarita, Jillian L.·2015·Nature Reviews Immunology

Abstract

A dynamic and mutualistic interaction between tumour cells and the surrounding stroma promotes the initiation, progression, metastasis and chemoresistance of solid tumours. Far less understood is the relationship between the stroma and tumour-infiltrating leukocytes; however, emerging evidence suggests that the stromal compartment can shape antitumour immunity and responsiveness to immunotherapy. Thus, there is growing interest in elucidating the immunomodulatory roles of the stroma that evolve within the tumour microenvironment. In this Review, we discuss the evidence that stromal determinants interact with leukocytes and influence antitumour immunity, with emphasis on the immunological attributes of stromal cells that may foster their protumorigenic function.

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Crossref · 10.1038/nri3902

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152 of 152 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • CAFs may also originate from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, epithelial-mesenchymal transition of epithelial cells, and endothelial cells that undergo endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition.

    “CAFs may also originate from bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells,[ 20 ] epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of epithelial cells,[ 21 ] and endothelial cells that undergo endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition.[ 22 ]”
  • CAFs show characteristics of activated fibroblasts and/or myofibroblasts, consistent with the chronic inflammation and mechanical tension in tumors.

    “CAFs show characteristics of activated fibroblasts and/or myofibroblasts, consistent with the chronic inflammation and mechanical tension in tumors12,233,234.”

    From TGFβ biology in cancer progression and immunotherapy (2021) · cites this paper as [12]

  • Structural cells (epithelium, endothelium, and fibroblasts) have been shown to contribute in important ways to mammalian immunity.

    “These three cell types, which we refer to as “structural cells”, have been shown to contribute in important ways to mammalian immunity7–11.”

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Authors
Turley, S. J., Cremasco, V., & Astarita, J. L.
Affiliations
  • Genentech (US)
  • Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (US)
Corresponding author
Turley, Shannon J.
Venue
Nature Reviews Immunology
Published
2015-10-16
Volume
15
Issue
11
Pages
669-682
ISSN
  • 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
  • 1474-1741
OpenAlex
W1767508090
Cited by
1,140
References
152
Citations by year
2026: 38 · 2025: 81 · 2024: 127 · 2023: 167 · 2022: 168 · 2021: 163 · 2020: 129 · 2019: 73 · 2018: 79 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 3
FWCI
6.90
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nature reviews. Immunology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Cells and Metastasis
Keywords
tumor microenvironment, tumor stroma, stromal cells, antitumor immunity, immunotherapy response, immunomodulation, tumor-stroma interactions, chemoresistance, metastasis, tumor progression
MeSH terms
Animals, Cell Communication, Cell Movement, Cytotoxicity, Immunologic, Extracellular Matrix, Fibroblasts, Humans, Leukocytes, Stromal Cells, Tumor Microenvironment, Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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