Mechanisms of specificity in protein phosphorylation
Abstract
A typical protein kinase must recognize between one and a few hundred bona fide phosphorylation sites in a background of approximately 700,000 potentially phosphorylatable residues. Multiple mechanisms have evolved that contribute to this exquisite specificity, including the structure of the catalytic site, local and distal interactions between the kinase and substrate, the formation of complexes with scaffolding and adaptor proteins that spatially regulate the kinase, systems-level competition between substrates, and error-correction mechanisms. The responsibility for the recognition of substrates by protein kinases appears to be distributed among a large number of independent, imperfect specificity mechanisms.
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Docking motifs that bind directly to signaling enzyme catalytic domains are the simplest way to increase specificity of promiscuous active sites.
“Within the diverse repertoire of physical links observed in signaling networks, the use of linear motifs directly binding to signaling enzyme’s catalytic domains, known as docking motifs, is the simplest solution to increase the specificity of promiscuous active sites (8).”
From Specificity of Linear Motifs That Bind to a Common Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Docking Groove (2012) · cites this paper as [8]
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- Authors
- Ubersax, J. A., & Ferrell Jr, J. E.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ubersax, Jeffrey A.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
- Published
- 2007-07
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 530-541
- ISSN
- 1471-0072 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-0080
- OpenAlex
- W2043794217
- Cited by
- 1,451
- References
- 146
- Citations by year
- 2026: 51 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 80 · 2023: 66 · 2022: 93 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 80 · 2019: 83 · 2018: 79 · 2017: 110 · 2016: 102 · 2015: 110 · 2014: 105 · 2013: 61 · 2012: 76
- FWCI
- 3.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Science and Engineering Research Board
- National Cancer Institute (T32CA009151)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
- Keywords
- protein phosphorylation, protein kinases, substrate specificity, kinase substrate recognition, scaffold proteins, adaptor proteins, substrate competition, error correction, phosphorylation sites
- MeSH terms
- Adenosine Diphosphate, Adenosine Triphosphate, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Binding Sites, Forecasting, Humans, Models, Biological, Models, Molecular, Phosphorylation, Protein Binding, Protein Kinases, Substrate Specificity, Consensus Sequence, Protein Structure, Secondary, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Amino Acid Motifs, NIH 3T3 Cells, Mice, Static Electricity, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
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