Neuronal circuitry for pain processing in the dorsal horn
Open accessAbstract
Neurons in the spinal dorsal horn process sensory information, which is then transmitted to several brain regions, including those responsible for pain perception. The dorsal horn provides numerous potential targets for the development of novel analgesics and is thought to undergo changes that contribute to the exaggerated pain felt after nerve injury and inflammation. Despite its obvious importance, we still know little about the neuronal circuits that process sensory information, mainly because of the heterogeneity of the various neuronal components that make up these circuits. Recent studies have begun to shed light on the neuronal organization and circuitry of this complex region.
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Activated microglia release inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, TNF-α, NO, ROS) that promote glutamate release and affect neuronal action potentials, leading to abnormal neural circuits.
“Activated microglia released numerous inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, TNF-α, NO, and ROS) that led to changes in protein expression, as well as reached synapse endings, promoted glutamate release, and affected neuronal action potentials, thereby resulting in abnormal neural circuits (Todd, 2010, Ma et al., 2021, Costigan et al., 2009, Inoue and Tsuda, 2018, Chen et al., 2018).”
From Picroside Ⅱ attenuates neuropathic pain by regulating inflammation and spinal excitatory synaptic transmission (2024) · cites this paper as Todd, 2010
The Intrinsic plasticity section (page unavailable) describes changes in dorsal horn neuronal excitability, and the Mechanisms of hyperalgesia/allodynia section discusses altered spinal pain processing. Neither passage links those changes to activated microglia releasing IL-1β, TNF-α, NO, or ROS, or to microglia promoting glutamate release; searches for those mediators and that mechanism found no supporting passage. (LLM, conf=0.80)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredNerve injury induces hyperexcitability, causing functional alterations such as loss of function of inhibitory neurons in the dorsal horn, and results in neuropathic pain.
“Nerve injury induces hyperexcitability, thereby causing functional alterations in the neuronal network such as loss of function of inhibitory neurons in the dorsal horn, and results in neuropathic pain (Prescott et al, 2014;Todd, 2010).”
From The endogenous cannabinoid system: a budding source of targets for treating inflammatory and neuropathic pain (2018) · cites this paper as Todd, 2010
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- Authors
- Todd, A. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Todd, Andrew J.
- ORCID
- Todd, Andrew J.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Neuroscience
- Published
- 2010-11-11
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 823-836
- ISSN
- 1471-003X (ISSN-L)
- 1471-0048
- PMC
- PMC3277941
- OpenAlex
- W2059635921
- Cited by
- 1,475
- References
- 162
- Citations by year
- 2026: 100 · 2025: 114 · 2024: 95 · 2023: 108 · 2022: 122 · 2021: 137 · 2020: 106 · 2019: 125 · 2018: 85 · 2017: 85 · 2016: 90 · 2015: 86 · 2014: 75 · 2013: 76 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 4.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (076976)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Keywords
- dorsal horn, spinal cord, pain processing, neural circuits, hyperalgesia, allodynia, sensory neurons, analgesic targets, nerve injury, inflammation, pain perception
- MeSH terms
- Afferent Pathways, Animals, Brain, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Nerve Net, Nociceptors, Pain, Posterior Horn Cells
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