The DOI matches its Crossref record; 121 of the 121 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Microglial priming in neurodegenerative disease
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, the number and function of microglia--the resident macrophages of the CNS--is tightly controlled by the local microenvironment. In response to neurodegeneration and the accumulation of abnormally folded proteins, however, microglia multiply and adopt an activated state--a process referred to as priming. Studies using preclinical animal models have shown that priming of microglia is driven by changes in their microenvironment and the release of molecules that drive their proliferation. Priming makes the microglia susceptible to a secondary inflammatory stimulus, which can then trigger an exaggerated inflammatory response. The secondary stimulus can arise within the CNS, but in elderly individuals, the secondary stimulus most commonly arises from a systemic disease with an inflammatory component. The concept of microglial priming, and the subsequent exaggerated response of these cells to secondary systemic inflammation, opens the way to treat neurodegenerative diseases by targeting systemic disease or interrupting the signalling pathways that mediate the CNS response to systemic inflammation. Both lifestyle changes and pharmacological therapies could, therefore, provide efficient means to slow down or halt neurodegeneration.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This excessive inflammatory response occurs in many neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer's diseases (AD) (Ransohoff, 2016),(Perry and Holmes, 2014),(Burguillos et al., 2011),(Abeliovich and Gitler, 2016), as well as in neurological conditions such as ischemic stroke (Lambertsen et al., 2012),(Burguillos et al., 2015).”
From TET2 Regulates the Neuroinflammatory Response in Microglia (2019) · cites this paper as Perry and Holmes, 2014
In the citing paper
“The cause of microglial priming is unclear and likely results from multiple factors, including but not limited to (1) a loss of inhibitory ligand–receptor communication with aging neurons (94), (2) interactions with age-related misfolded proteins such as Aβ which promote pro-inflammatory cytokine production (95), (3) age-related exposure to increasing transforming growth factor-β which could”
From The Inflammatory Continuum of Traumatic Brain Injury and Alzheimer’s Disease (2018) · cites this paper as [94]
In the citing paper
“This state of ‘priming’ is thought to make aged microglia disproportionately reactive to immunological challenges, leading to prolonged neuroinflammation and the cognitive deficits associated with age [65,66].”
From Untangling senescent and damage‐associated microglia in the aging and diseased brain (2023) · cites this paper as [66]
In the citing paper
“With aging, microglia take on a 'primed' phenotype, which is characterized by an exaggerated and uncontrolled inflammatory response to an immune stimulus (Perry and Holmes, 2014).”
From Microglia Priming with Aging and Stress (2017) · cites this paper as Perry and Holmes, 2014
Citations
Cites
Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation
Mosser, D. M., & Edwards, J. P. (2008) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2448 · Cited by 9,144
From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain
Dantzer, R., O'Connor, J. C., Freund, G. G., Johnson, R. W., & Kelley, K. W. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2297 · Cited by 7,395
Barnett, K., Mercer, S. W., Norbury, M., Watt, G., Wyke, S., & Guthrie, B. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60240-2 · Cited by 6,972
Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo
Nimmerjahn, A., Kirchhoff, F., & Helmchen, F. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1110647 · Cited by 5,827
Fate Mapping Analysis Reveals That Adult Microglia Derive from Primitive Macrophages
Ginhoux, F., Greter, M., Leboeuf, M., Nandi, S., See, P., Gokhan, S., Mehler, M. F., Conway, S. J., Ng, L. G., Stanley, E. R., et al. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1194637 · Cited by 5,175
Type 2 diabetes as an inflammatory disease
Donath, M. Y., & Shoelson, S. E. (2011) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2925 · Cited by 3,737
Harold, D., Abraham, R., Hollingworth, P., Sims, R., Gerrish, A., Hamshere, M. L., Pahwa, J. S., Moskvina, V., Dowzell, K., Williams, A., et al. (2009) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.440 · Cited by 3,326
Self-citationTREM2 Variants in Alzheimer's Disease
Guerreiro, R., Wojtas, A., Bras, J., Carrasquillo, M., Rogaeva, E., Majounie, E., Cruchaga, C., Sassi, C., Kauwe, J. S. K., Younkin, S., et al. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1211851 · Cited by 3,020
Variant of TREM2 Associated with the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease
Jonsson, T., Stefansson, H., Steinberg, S., Jonsdottir, I., Jonsson, P. V., Snaedal, J., Bjornsson, S., Huttenlocher, J., Levey, A. I., Lah, J. J., et al. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1211103 · Cited by 2,558
Genome-wide association study identifies variants at CLU and CR1 associated with Alzheimer's disease
the European Alzheimer's Disease Initiative Investigators, Lambert, J.-C., Heath, S., Even, G., Campion, D., Sleegers, K., Hiltunen, M., Combarros, O., Zelenika, D., Bullido, M. J., et al. (2009) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.439 · Cited by 2,234
Franceschi, C., Capri, M., Monti, D., Giunta, S., Olivieri, F., Sevini, F., Panourgia, M. P., Invidia, L., Celani, L., Scurti, M., et al. (2007) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2006.11.016 · Cited by 2,087
Heterogeneity in the distribution and morphology of microglia in the normal adult mouse brain
Lawson, L. J., Perry, V. H., Dri, P., & Gordon, S. (1990) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(90)90229-w · Cited by 2,045
Self-citationInitiative, T. A. D. N., Hollingworth, P., CHARGE consortium, EADI1 consortium, Harold, D., Sims, R., Gerrish, A., Lambert, J.-C., Carrasquillo, M. M., Abraham, R., et al. (2011) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.803 · Cited by 1,997
Self-citationthe Immunological Genome Consortium, Gautier, E. L., Shay, T., Miller, J., Greter, M., Jakubzick, C., Ivanov, S., Helft, J., Chow, A., Elpek, K. G., et al. (2012) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.2419 · Cited by 1,972
Naj, A. C., Jun, G., Beecham, G. W., Wang, L.-S., Vardarajan, B. N., Buros, J., Gallins, P. J., Buxbaum, J. D., Jarvik, G. P., Crane, P. K., et al. (2011) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.801 · Cited by 1,901
Microglial physiology: unique stimuli, specialized responses
Ransohoff, R. M., & Perry, V. H. (2009) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132528 · Cited by 1,858
Self-citationObesity is associated with hypothalamic injury in rodents and humans.
Thaler, J. P., Yi, C.-X., Schur, E. A., Guyenet, S. J., Hwang, B. H., Dietrich, M. O., Zhao, X., Sarruf, D. A., Izgur, V., Maravilla, K. R., et al. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci59660 · Cited by 1,857
Wake, H., Moorhouse, A. J., Jinno, S., Kohsaka, S., & Nabekura, J. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4363-08.2009 · Cited by 1,619
Microglial interactions with synapses are modulated by visual experience
Tremblay, M.-È., Lowery, R. L., & Majewska, A. K. (2010) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000527 · Cited by 1,542
Control of microglial neurotoxicity by the fractalkine receptor
Cardona, A. E., Pioro, E. P., Sasse, M. E., Kostenko, V., Cardona, S. M., Dijkstra, I. M., Huang, D., Kidd, G., Dombrowski, S., Dutta, R., et al. (2006) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1715 · Cited by 1,531
McGeer, P. L., Schulzer, M., & McGeer, E. G. (1996) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.47.2.425 · Cited by 1,367
Systemic inflammation and disease progression in Alzheimer disease
Holmes, C., Cunningham, C., Zotova, E., Woolford, J., Dean, C., Kerr, S., Culliford, D., & Perry, V. H. (2009) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181b6bb95 · Cited by 1,139
Self-citationRisk of Alzheimer's disease and duration of NSAID use
Stewart, W. F., Kawas, C., Corrada, M., & Metter, E. J. (1997) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.48.3.626 · Cited by 1,132
A Meta-Analysis of Cytokines in Alzheimer's Disease
Swardfager, W., Lanctôt, K., Rothenburg, L., Wong, A., Cappell, J., & Herrmann, N. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.06.012 · Cited by 1,108
Systemic infections and inflammation affect chronic neurodegeneration
Perry, V. H., Cunningham, C., & Holmes, C. (2007) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2015 · Cited by 1,027
Self-citationDown-Regulation of the Macrophage Lineage Through Interaction with OX2 (CD200)
Hoek, R. M., Ruuls, S. R., Murphy, C. A., Wright, G. J., Goddard, R., Zurawski, S. M., Blom, B., Homola, M. E., Streit, W. J., Brown, M. H., et al. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.290.5497.1768 · Cited by 1,022
Wang, Y., Szretter, K. J., Vermi, W., Gilfillan, S., Rossini, C., Cella, M., Barrow, A. D., Diamond, M. S., & Colonna, M. (2012) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.2360 · Cited by 1,011
Clinical trial of indomethacin in Alzheimer's disease
Rogers, J., Kirby, L., Hempelman, S. R., Berry, D. A., McGeer, P. L., Kaszniak, A. W., Zalinski, J., Cofield, M., Mansukhani, L., Willson, P., et al. (1993) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.43.8.1609 · Cited by 991
Hypothalamic programming of systemic ageing involving IKK-β, NF-κB and GnRH
Zhang, G., Li, J., Purkayastha, S., Tang, Y., Zhang, H., Yin, Y., Li, B., Liu, G., & Cai, D. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12143 · Cited by 834
Microglia and neurodegeneration: The role of systemic inflammation
Cunningham, C. (2013) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.22350 · Cited by 769
Cunningham, C., Wilcockson, D. C., Campion, S., Lunnon, K., & Perry, V. H. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2614-05.2005 · Cited by 768
Self-citationHarrison, N. A., Brydon, L., Walker, C., Gray, M. A., Steptoe, A., & Critchley, H. D. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.03.015 · Cited by 756
Dustin, M. L., Olszowy, M. W., Holdorf, A. D., Li, J., Bromley, S. K., Desai, N. N., Widder, P., Rosenberger, F., van der Merwe, P. A., Allen, P. M., et al. (1998) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81608-6 · Cited by 710
Turnover of resident microglia in the normal adult mouse brain
Lawson, L. J., Perry, V. H., & Gordon, S. (1992) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(92)90500-2 · Cited by 709
Self-citationKitazawa, M., Oddo, S., Yamasaki, T. R., Green, K. N., & LaFerla, F. M. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2868-05.2005 · Cited by 697
Paloneva, J., Manninen, T., Christman, G., Hovanes, K., Mandelin, J., Adolfsson, R., Bianchin, M., Bird, T., Miranda, R., Salmaggi, A., et al. (2002) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/342259 · Cited by 683
Colony-stimulating factor-1 in immunity and inflammation
Chitu, V., & Stanley, E. R. (2006) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2005.11.006 · Cited by 635
Greter, M., Lelios, I., Pelczar, P., Hoeffel, G., Price, J., Leboeuf, M., Kündig, T. M., Frei, K., Ginhoux, F., Merad, M., et al. (2012) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2012.11.001 · Cited by 630
Microglial activation by Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein and modulation by apolipoprotein E
Barger, S. W., & Harmon, A. D. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/42257 · Cited by 622
Jones, L., Holmans, P. A., Hamshere, M. L., Harold, D., Moskvina, V., Ivanov, D., Pocklington, A., Abraham, R., Hollingworth, P., Sims, R., et al. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013950 · Cited by 606
Self-citationCunningham, C., Campion, S., Lunnon, K., Murray, C. L., Woods, J. F. C., Deacon, R. M. J., Rawlins, J. N. P., & Perry, V. H. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.07.024 · Cited by 584
Self-citationCD33 Alzheimer's disease locus: altered monocyte function and amyloid biology
Initiative, T. A. D. N., Bradshaw, E. M., Chibnik, L. B., Keenan, B. T., Ottoboni, L., Raj, T., Tang, A., Rosenkrantz, L. L., Imboywa, S., Lee, M., et al. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3435 · Cited by 570
Casserly, I., & Topol, E. J. (2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)15900-x · Cited by 560
Perry, V. H. (2004) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2004.01.004 · Cited by 560
Self-citationProtective effects of NSAIDs on the development of Alzheimer disease
Vlad, S. C., Miller, D. R., Kowall, N. W., & Felson, D. T. (2008) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000311269.57716.63 · Cited by 535
Pedersen, B. K. (2013) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c120033 · Cited by 516
Boyle, P. A., Buchman, A. S., Wilson, R. S., Leurgans, S. E., & Bennett, D. A. (2010) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02671.x · Cited by 510
Cribbs, D. H., Berchtold, N. C., Perreau, V., Coleman, P. D., Rogers, J., Tenner, A. J., & Cotman, C. W. (2012) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-9-179 · Cited by 499
Mittelbronn, M., Dietz, K., Schluesener, H. J., & Meyermann, R. (2001) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s004010000284 · Cited by 482
A randomized controlled trial of prednisone in Alzheimer’s disease
Aisen, P. S., Davis, K. L., Berg, J. D., Schafer, K., Campbell, K., Thomas, R. G., Weiner, M. F., Farlow, M. R., Sano, M., Grundman, M., et al. (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.54.3.588 · Cited by 464
Association between parasite infection and immune responses in multiple sclerosis
Correale, J. D., & Farez, M. (2007) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21067 · Cited by 461
Randomized controlled trial of atorvastatin in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: LEADe
Feldman, H. H., Doody, R. S., Kivipelto, M., Sparks, D. L., Waters, D. D., Jones, R. W., Schwam, E., Schindler, R., Hey-Hadavi, J., DeMicco, D. A., et al. (2010) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181d6476a · Cited by 438
The spectrum of nonmotor symptoms in early Parkinson disease
Khoo, T. K., Yarnall, A. J., Duncan, G. W., Coleman, S. Y., O'Brien, J. T., Brooks, D. J., Barker, R. A., & Burn, D. J. (2013) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e31827deb74 · Cited by 430
Prospective study on the relationship between infections and multiple sclerosis exacerbations
Buljevac, D., Flach, H. Z., Hop, W. C. J., Hijdra, D., Laman, J. D., Savelkoul, H. F. J., van der Meché, F. G. A., van Doorn, P. A., & Hintzen, R. Q. (2002) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awf098 · Cited by 426
Reflex principles of immunological homeostasis
Andersson, U., & Tracey, K. J. (2012) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-075015 · Cited by 414
Simons, M., Schwärzler, F., Lütjohann, D., von Bergmann, K., Beyreuther, K. T., DICHGANS, J., Wormstall, H., Hartmann, T., & Schulz, J. B. (2002) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.10292 · Cited by 413
Regulation of Microglial Proliferation during Chronic Neurodegeneration
Gómez-Nicola, D., Fransen, N. L., Suzzi, S., & Perry, V. H. (2013) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4440-12.2013 · Cited by 407
Self-citationSystemic immune challenges trigger and drive Alzheimer-like neuropathology in mice
Krstic, D., Madhusudan, A., Doehner, J., Vogel, P., Notter, T., Imhof, C., Manalastas, A., Hilfiker, M., Pfister, S., Schwerdel, C., et al. (2012) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-9-151 · Cited by 400
Expression profiles for macrophage alternative activation genes in AD and in mouse models of AD.
(2006) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-3-27 · Cited by 393
KHALIF, I., QUIGLEY, E., KONOVITCH, E., & MAXIMOVA, I. (2005) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2005.06.008 · Cited by 382
A randomized controlled trial of prednisone in Alzheimer’s disease
Koch, H. J., & Szecsey, A. (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.55.7.1067 · Cited by 381
Brydon, L., Harrison, N. A., Walker, C., Steptoe, A., & Critchley, H. D. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.12.007 · Cited by 381
Gold, M., Alderton, C., Zvartau-Hind, M., Egginton, S., Saunders, A. M., Irizarry, M., Craft, S., Landreth, G., Linnamägi, Ü., & Sawchak, S. (2010) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000318845 · Cited by 361
Li, J., Tang, Y., & Cai, D. (2012) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb2562 · Cited by 355
Mildner, A., Schlevogt, B., Kierdorf, K., Böttcher, C., Erny, D., Kummer, M. P., Quinn, M., Brück, W., Bechmann, I., Heneka, M. T., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.6209-10.2011 · Cited by 351
McColl, B. W., Rothwell, N. J., & Allan, S. M. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5376-06.2007 · Cited by 337
Browne, T. C., McQuillan, K., McManus, R. M., O’Reilly, J.-A., Mills, K. H. G., & Lynch, M. A. (2013) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1200947 · Cited by 329
Age and gender effects on microglia and astrocyte numbers in brains of mice
Mouton, P. R., Long, J. M., Lei, D.-L., Howard, V., Jucker, M., Calhoun, M. E., & Ingram, D. K. (2002) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(02)03475-3 · Cited by 320
Atorvastatin for the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Alzheimer Disease: Preliminary Results
Sparks, D. L., Sabbagh, M. N., Connor, D. J., Lopez, J., Launer, L. J., Browne, P., Wasser, D., Johnson-Traver, S., Lochhead, J., & Ziolwolski, C. (2005) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.62.5.753 · Cited by 319
Signal integration between IFNγ and TLR signalling pathways in macrophages
Schroder, K., Sweet, M. J., & Hume, D. A. (2006) · Immunobiology · doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2006.05.007 · Cited by 288
Contribution of systemic inflammation to chronic neurodegeneration
Perry, V. H. (2010) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-010-0722-x · Cited by 286
Self-citationShock and Multiple-Organ Dysfunction after Self-Administration of Salmonella Endotoxin
da Silva, A. M. T., Kaulbach, H. C., Chuidian, F. S., Lambert, D. R., Suffredini, A. F., & Danner, R. L. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199305203282005 · Cited by 276
Region‐specific expression of immunoregulatory proteins on microglia in the healthy CNS
Haas, A. H. D., Boddeke, H. W. G. M., & Biber, K. P. H. (2008) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20663 · Cited by 274
Resilience to Bacterial Infection: Difference between Species Could Be Due to Proteins in Serum
Warren, H. S., Fitting, C., Hoff, E., Adib‐Conquy, M., Beasley‐Topliffe, L., Tesini, B., Liang, X., Valentine, C., Hellman, J., Hayden, D., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/649557 · Cited by 269
Clusterin: A forgotten player in Alzheimer's disease
Nuutinen, T., Suuronen, T., Kauppinen, A., & Salminen, A. (2009) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2009.05.007 · Cited by 267
Proinflammatory cytokines, sickness behavior, and Alzheimer disease
Holmes, C., Cunningham, C. M., Zotova, E., Culliford, D. J., & Perry, V. H. (2011) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e318225ae07 · Cited by 250
Self-citationNeumann, H., & Takahashi, K. (2007) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.11.032 · Cited by 249
Sheng, J. G., Mrak, R. E., & Griffin, W. S. T. (1998) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s004010050792 · Cited by 232
Peripheral infection evokes exaggerated sickness behaviour in pre-clinical murine prion disease
Combrinck, M. I., Perry, V. H., & Cunningham, C. (2002) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00030-1 · Cited by 231
Self-citationHart, A. D., Wyttenbach, A., Hugh Perry, V., & Teeling, J. L. (2012) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.11.006 · Cited by 230
Microglia activation in sepsis: a case-control study.
Lemstra, A. W., Woud, J. C. G. I., Hoozemans, J. J. M., van Haastert, E. S., Rozemüller, A. J. M., Eikelenboom, P., & van Gool, W. A. (2007) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-4-4 · Cited by 229
Hannestad, J. O., Gallezot, J., Schafbauer, T., Lim, K., Kloczynski, T., Morris, E. D., Carson, R. E., Ding, Y., & Cosgrove, K. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.06.055 · Cited by 218
Field, R. H., Campion, S., Warren, C., Murray, C., & Cunningham, C. M. (2010) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2010.04.004 · Cited by 215
Brain inflammation is induced by co-morbidities and risk factors for stroke
Drake, C., Boutin, H., Jones, M. S., Dénes, Á., McColl, B. W., Selvarajah, J. R., Hulme, S., Georgiou, R. F., Hinz, R., Gerhard, A., et al. (2011) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.02.008 · Cited by 214
Neuroinflammatory phenotype in early Alzheimer's disease
Sudduth, T. L., Schmitt, F. A., Nelson, P. T., & Wilcock, D. M. (2012) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.09.012 · Cited by 201
CCL2/MCP-1 modulation of microglial activation and proliferation
Hinojosa, A. E., García‐Bueno, B., Leza, J. C., & Madrigal, J. L. M. (2011) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-8-77 · Cited by 200
Alleviation of Neurotoxicity by Microglial Human Siglec-11
Wang, Y., & Neumann, H. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3940-09.2010 · Cited by 190
Long-term impact of systemic bacterial infection on the cerebral vasculature and microglia
Püntener, U., Booth, S. G., Perry, V. H., & Teeling, J. L. (2012) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-9-146 · Cited by 172
Self-citationMarioni, R. E., Strachan, M. W. J., Reynolds, R. M., Lowe, G. D. O., Mitchell, R. J., Fowkes, F. G. R., Frier, B. M., Lee, A. J., Butcher, I., Rumley, A., et al. (2009) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db09-1163 · Cited by 167
CSF1R mutations link POLD and HDLS as a single disease entity
Nicholson, A. M., Baker, M. C., Finch, N. A., Rutherford, N. J., Wider, C. W., Graff‐Radford, N. R., Nelson, P. T., Clark, H. B., Wszołek, Z. K., Dickson, D. W., et al. (2013) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e31828726a7 · Cited by 162
Maitra, U., Deng, H., Glaros, T., Baker, B., Capelluto, D. G. S., Li, Z., & Li, L. (2012) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1200857 · Cited by 151
de Jong, D., Jansen, R. W. M. M., Hoefnagels, W. H. L., Mj, J.-E., Verbeek, M. M., Borm, G. F., & Kremer, B. P. H. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001475 · Cited by 150
Gitik, M., Liraz-Zaltsman, S., Oldenborg, P.-A., Reichert, F., & Rotshenker, S. (2011) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-8-24 · Cited by 141
Systemic Inflammation Modulates Fc Receptor Expression on Microglia during Chronic Neurodegeneration
Lunnon, K., Teeling, J. L., Tutt, A. L., Cragg, M. S., Glennie, M. J., & Perry, V. H. (2011) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0903833 · Cited by 138
Self-citationNeuropathology after active Aβ42 immunotherapy: implications for Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis
Boche, D., Denham, N., Holmes, C., & Nicoll, J. A. R. (2010) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-010-0719-5 · Cited by 135
Self-citationWong, W. B., Lin, V. W., Boudreau, D. M., & Devine, E. B. (2012) · Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety · doi:10.1002/pds.3381 · Cited by 124
Aging and Chronic Kidney Disease: The Impact on Physical Function and Cognition
Anand, S., Johansen, K. L., & Tamura, M. K. (2013) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glt109 · Cited by 124
Systemic inflammation induces axon injury during brain inflammation
Moreno, B., Jukes, J., Vergara‐Irigaray, N., Errea, O., Villoslada, P., Perry, V. H., & Newman, T. A. (2011) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.22550 · Cited by 121
Self-citationRavasi, T., Wells, C. A., Forest, A., Underhill, D. M., Wainwright, B. J., Aderem, A. A., Grimmond, S. M., & Hume, D. A. (2002) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.168.1.44 · Cited by 104
Ishibashi, K., Suzuki, M., Sasaki, S., & Imai, M. (2001) · Gene · doi:10.1016/s0378-1119(00)00598-9 · Cited by 103
Scheffel, J., Regen, T., van Rossum, D., Seifert, S., Ribes, S., Nau, R., Parsa, R., Harris, R. A., Boddeke, H. W. G. M., Chuang, H., et al. (2012) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.22409 · Cited by 103
Itzhaki, R. F., & Wozniak, M. A. (2005) · Progress in Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2005.11.003 · Cited by 101
Aasheim, H., Delabie, J., & Finne, E. F. (2004) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2004-08-2981 · Cited by 100
Physical Activity Reduces the Risk of Dementia in Mild Cognitive Impairment Subjects: A Cohort Study
Grande, G., Vanacore, N., Maggiore, L., Cucumo, V., Ghiretti, R., Galimberti, D., Scarpini, E. A., Mariani, C. B., & Clerici, F. (2014) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-131808 · Cited by 91
Rankine, E. L., Hughes, P., Botham, M. S., Perry, V. H., & Felton, L. M. (2006) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04891.x · Cited by 87
Self-citationThe load of Chlamydia pneumoniae in the Alzheimer's brain varies with APOE genotype
Gérard, H. C., Wildt, K. S., Whittum‐Hudson, J. A., Lai, Z., Ager, J. W., & Hudson, A. P. (2005) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2005.05.002 · Cited by 85
Plasma Aβ42 correlates positively with increased body fat in healthy individuals
Balakrishnan, K., Verdile, G., Mehta, P. D., Beilby, J. P., Nolan, D. A., Galvao, D. A., Newton, R. U., Gandy, S., & Martins, R. N. (2005) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2005-8305 · Cited by 76
INTERFERON IN HUMAN SERUM AFTER INJECTION OF ENDOTOXIN
Sauter, C., & Wolfensberger, C. (1980) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(80)90189-0 · Cited by 75
Roles of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A7 in Cholesterol Homeostasis and Host Defense System
Tanaka, N., Abe-Dohmae, S., Iwamoto, N., & Yokoyama, S. (2011) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.6726 · Cited by 73
Nasu‐Hakola disease: The first case reported by Nasu and review
Kaneko, M., Sano, K., Nakayama, J., & Amano, N. (2010) · Neuropathology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1789.2010.01127.x · Cited by 67
Chemokine‐Induced Leishmanicidal Activity in Murine Macrophages via the Generation of Nitric Oxide
Bhattacharyya, S., Ghosh, S. T., Dasgupta, B., Mazumder, D., Roy, S., & Majumdar, S. (2002) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/340820 · Cited by 67
APOE polymorphism is associated with risk of severe sepsis in surgical patients*
Moretti, E. W., Morris, R. W., Podgoreanu, M. V., Schwinn, D. A., Newman, M. F., Bennett, E. R., Moulin, V. G., Uzo, U., & Laskowitz, D. T. (2005) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000186368.96146.fb · Cited by 62
Male Sex Hormones and Systemic Inflammation in Alzheimer Disease
Butchart, J., Birch, B. R., Bassily, R., Wolfe, L., & Holmes, C. (2012) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/wad.0b013e318258cd63 · Cited by 55
Self-citationConstruction and virulence of a Pasteurella multocida fhaB2 mutant in turkeys
Tatum, F. M., Yersin, A. G., & Briggs, R. E. (2005) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2005.05.003 · Cited by 53
Godoy, M. C. P., Ferrari, C. C., & Pitossi, F. J. (2010) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.02.018 · Cited by 50
Ohmoto, Y., Wood, M. J. A., Charlton, H. M., et al. (1999) · Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/sj.gt.3300851 · Cited by 44
Sogn, C. J., Puchades, M. A., & Gundersen, V. (2013) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.12213 · Cited by 35
Chapoval, A. I., Kamdar, S. J., Kremlev, S. G., & Evans, R. L. (1998) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.63.2.245 · Cited by 30
Ravasi, T., Wells, C. A., Forrest, A. R. R., Underhill, D. M., Wainwright, B. J., Aderem, A. A., Grimmond, S. M., & Hume, D. A. (2001) · Griffith Research Online · Cited by 20
Is TNF a Link between Aging-Related Reproductive Endocrine Dyscrasia and Alzheimer's Disease?
Clark, I. A., & Atwood, C. (2011) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2011-110887 · Cited by 19
Aisen, P. S., Schafer, K. A., Grundman, M., Pfeiffer, E., Sano, M., Davis, K. L., Farlow, M. R., Jin, S., Thomas, R. G., Thal, L. J., et al. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.21.2819 · Cited by 5
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Neuroinflammation and microglial activation in Alzheimer disease: where do we go from here?
Leng, F., & Edison, P. (2021) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-020-00435-y · Cited by 3,179
Krasemann, S., Madore, C., Cialic, R., Baufeld, C., Calcagno, N., El Fatimy, R., Beckers, L., O’Loughlin, E., Xu, Y., Fanek, Z., et al. (2017) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2017.08.008 · Cited by 2,979
Inflammation as a central mechanism in Alzheimer's disease
Kinney, J. W., Bemiller, S. M., Murtishaw, A. S., Leisgang, A. M., Salazar, A. M., & Lamb, B. T. (2018) · Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.trci.2018.06.014 · Cited by 2,253
“Microglia are primed in AD brains to be more susceptible to secondary inflammatory insults, resulting in an exacerbated inflammatory response [273].”
BackgroundImmune attack: the role of inflammation in Alzheimer disease
Heppner, F. L., Ransohoff, R. M., & Becher, B. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3880 · Cited by 2,134
The Amyloid-β Pathway in Alzheimer’s Disease
Hampel, H., Hardy, J., Blennow, K., Chen, C., Perry, G., Kim, S. H., Villemagne, V. L., Aisen, P., Vendruscolo, M., Iwatsubo, T., et al. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01249-0 · Cited by 1,952
Metadata
- Authors
- Perry, V. H., & Holmes, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Southampton (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Perry, V. Hugh
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Neurology
- Published
- 2014-03-18
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 217-224
- ISSN
- 1759-4758 (ISSN-L)
- 1759-4766
- OpenAlex
- W2059996790
- Cited by
- 1,127
- References
- 121
- Citations by year
- 2026: 106 · 2025: 93 · 2024: 86 · 2023: 69 · 2022: 88 · 2021: 97 · 2020: 104 · 2019: 90 · 2018: 119 · 2017: 106 · 2016: 86 · 2015: 65 · 2014: 18
- FWCI
- 7.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Keywords
- microglial priming, neurodegeneration, microglial activation, secondary inflammation, systemic inflammation, diabetes mellitus, microglial proliferation, neuroinflammation, neurodegenerative disease treatment, lifestyle intervention
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Brain, Central Nervous System Diseases, Humans, Inflammation, Macrophage Activation, Microglia, Neurodegenerative Diseases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
