Circadian eating and sleeping patterns in the night eating syndrome
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare the eating and sleep-wake patterns of persons with the night eating syndrome (NES) with those of matched control subjects. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Forty-six overweight/obese NES subjects (mean age 43.3 +/- 9.8 years; 32 women) and 43 similar controls (mean age 39.0 +/- 11.0 years; 28 women) wore wrist actigraphs for 7 days and completed sleep and food diaries at home. RESULTS: There was no difference between the total energy intake of the NES and the control subjects, but the pattern of energy intake differed greatly. Relative to control subjects, the temporal pattern of food intake of night eaters was delayed. Food intake after the evening meal, as a proportion of the 24-hour intake, was more than 3-fold greater in NES subjects than in controls (34.6 +/- 10.1% vs. 10.0 +/- 6.9%, p = 0.001). NES subjects had sleep onset, offset, and total sleep duration times comparable with those of controls. NES subjects reported more nocturnal awakenings than did controls (1.5 +/- 1.0 per night vs. 0.5 +/- 0.5; p < 0.001), and their actigraphically monitored arousals occurred earlier during sleep (at 128 minutes after sleep onset vs. 193 minutes, p = 0.01). NES subjects consumed food on 74% of the awakenings vs. 0% for the controls. DISCUSSION: The pattern of cumulative energy intake of the night eaters suggests a phase delay in energy consumption relative to sleep-wake times. NES may involve a dissociation of the circadian control of eating relative to sleep.
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The core criteria of night eating syndrome (evening hyperphagia, associated with nighttime awakening and ingestion) are associated with definite behavioral and hormonal phase delays.
“The core criteria of evening hyperphagia, associated with nighttime awakening and ingestion are associated with definite behavioral and hormonal phase delays (Allison et al., 2005; Birketvedt et al., 1999; O'Reardon et al., 2004).”
From Biological rhythms, higher brain function, and behavior: Gaps, opportunities, and challenges (2009) · cites this paper as O'Reardon et al., 2004
Not all studies report differences in daily caloric intake between night eaters and controls.
“However, not all studies report differences in daily caloric intake between night eaters and controls [32,33,34]”
From The Health Impact of Nighttime Eating: Old and New Perspectives (2015) · cites this paper as [33]
Compared to those who do not eat late at night, individuals with NES consume a larger portion of their total calories at night (≥50% after dinner) and have higher overall daily and evening caloric intake in some but not all cases.
“Compared to those who do not eat late at night, individuals with NES consume a larger portion of their total calories at night (≥50% after dinner) and have higher overall daily and evening caloric intake in some [30,31], but not all cases [32,33,34].”
From The Health Impact of Nighttime Eating: Old and New Perspectives (2015) · cites this paper as [33]
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“While this study presents evidence that the normal circadian rhythmicity in food intake is important for metabolic homeostasis in rodents, the results support human studies in which night-eating syndrome (NES) is associated with obesity and circadian misalignment (170, 202, 231).”
BackgroundResultAllison, K. C., Lundgren, J. D., O’Reardon, J. P., Martino, N. S., Sarwer, D. B., Wadden, T. A., Crosby, R. D., Engel, S. G., & Stunkard, A. J. (2007) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2007.03.007 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
“As research continued to expand our understanding of NES (Cerú-Björk et al., 1983; Gluck, Geliebter, & Satov, 2001; Marshall et al., 2004; Napolitano, Head, Babyak, & Blumenthal, 2001; O'Reardon et al., 2004), the NEQ was revised, including six new items added over time, and the conversion of items to a 5-point scale.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialProposed diagnostic criteria for night eating syndrome
Allison, K. C., Lundgren, J. D., O’Reardon, J. P., Geliebter, A., Gluck, M. E., Vinai, P., Mitchell, J. E., Schenck, C. H., Howell, M. J., Crow, S. J., et al. (2009) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20693 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
“The NES participants consumed 35% of their daily intake after their evening meal, with a standard deviation (SD) of 10%, whereas the controls consumed 10% after the evening meal, with an SD of 7%.(8) A person without NES would have to consume more than two SDs above normal after dinner to reach 1 SD below the typical…”
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“The true relationship between NES and depression could potentially be masked as severely depressed individuals are frequently excluded from NES studies (29,36,41,45,46,63).”
BackgroundResultAllison, K. C., Wadden, T. A., Sarwer, D. B., Fabricatore, A. N., Crerand, C. E., Gibbons, L. M., Stack, R. M., Stunkard, A. J., & Williams, N. N. (2006) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2006.286 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
“NES NES has most recently been conceptualized as a delay in the circadian pattern of food intake, characterized by evening hyperphagia and nocturnal ingestions (defined as awakening from sleep to eat) (3,4).”
BackgroundEating patterns and nutritional characteristics associated with sleep duration
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“Night-time eating also has been positively correlated with fat, carbohydrate and total energy intakes((29)), and has been more commonly reported in obese women than among non-obese women((30)).”
BackgroundPrevalence of the Night Eating Syndrome in a Psychiatric Population
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“The night eating syndrome is a pattern of delayed circadian intake of food, characterized by two main features: evening hyperphagia (eating more than one-third of total daily calories after the evening meal) and nocturnal awakening with ingestion of food (1, 2).”
Binge Eating Disorder and Night Eating Syndrome in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes
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“The score of 25 was based on a clinical characterization study of NES, which used this cut-off as the entrance criterion for participants (2).”
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“Baseline night eating syndrome symptoms were assessed as part of the characterization of night eating syndrome study (4).”
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“A study comparing a small sample of obese individuals with NES and obese individuals without NES found that nocturnal eating was unique to NES and concluded that NES involved disturbances of sleep and eating (13).”
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“In a previous study of circadian eating and sleeping patters in NES, O’Reardon et al (34) observed a phase delay in energy consumption and more nocturnal awakenings in those with NES than in controls but no differences in the timing of the sleep-wake cycle.”
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“The core criteria of evening hyperphagia, associated with nighttime awakening and ingestion are associated with definite behavioral and hormonal phase delays (Allison et al., 2005; Birketvedt et al., 1999; O'Reardon et al., 2004).”
BackgroundThe Health Impact of Nighttime Eating: Old and New Perspectives
Kinsey, A., & Ormsbee, M. (2015) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu7042648 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
“individuals with NES consume a larger portion of their total calories at night (≥50% after dinner) and have higher overall daily and evening caloric intake in some [30,31], but not all cases [32–34].”
BackgroundNighttime eating: A descriptive study
de Zwaan, M., Roerig, D. B., Crosby, R. D., Karaz, S. S., & Mitchell, J. E. (2006) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20246 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
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Naismith, S. L., Rogers, N. L., Hickie, I. B., Mackenzie, J., Norrie, L. M., & Lewis, S. J. G. (2010) · Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1177/0891988710363710 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
“Measurement of sleep-wake disturbance was overseen by members of the chronobiology and sleep group at the Brain & Mind Research Institute and was conducted according to previously established protocols.(40) This required participants to complete a sleep diary and wear a wrist actiwatch on their nondominant arm (MiniMi…”
MethodAllison, K. C., Wadden, T. A., Sarwer, D. B., Fabricatore, A. N., Crerand, C. E., Gibbons, L. M., Stack, R. M., Stunkard, A. J., & Williams, N. N. (2006) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2006.03.014 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Isn’t This Just Bedtime Snacking?
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Lundgren, J. D., Allison, K. C., O’Reardon, J. P., & Stunkard, A. J. (2008) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2007.12.004 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
“Naturally, as the circadian eating patterns of additional populations have been studied, the operational definition of NES has evolved (Birketvedt et al., 1999; O'Reardon et al., 2004).”
BackgroundAllison, K. C., Grilo, C. M., Masheb, R. M., & Stunkard, A. J. (2007) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.05.007 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
“Detailed 24hour food records were completed by participants for 10 consecutive days; only days 3-9 were included in the analyses (days 1-2 were practice days and day 10 lacked data for nighttime ingestions) (O’Reardon et al., 2004).”
MethodNight Eating Syndrome: Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Management
O???Reardon, J. P., Peshek, A., & Allison, K. C. (2005) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200519120-00003 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Assessment of Sleep in Women With Night Eating Syndrome
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Dark matters: effects of light at night on metabolism
Nelson, R. J., & Chbeir, S. (2018) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665118000198 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
“Night-eating syndrome is associated with elevated body mass(35).”
Binge eating disorder and night eating syndrome in adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review
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Night eating syndrome: implications for severe obesity
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Prevalence of Night Eating in Obese and Nonobese Twins
Tholin, S., Lindroos, A. K., Tynelius, P., Åkerstedt, T., Stunkard, A. J., Bulik, C. M., & Rasmussen, F. E. (2009) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2008.676 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“studied the eating patterns and food intake in those with NE and controls and found that despite large differences in the timing of the eating between those with NE and controls, total energy intake did not differ (17).”
BackgroundAre Eating Disorders Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Nieto-Martínez, R. E., Gonzalez-Rivas, J. P., Medina‐Inojosa, J. R., & Florez, H. J. (2017) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-017-0949-1 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
The Night Eating Syndrome (NES) in Bariatric Surgery Patients
de Zwaan, M., Marschollek, M., & Allison, K. C. (2015) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2405 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
A biobehavioural model of the night eating syndrome
Stunkard, A. J., Allison, K. C., Lundgren, J. D., & O’Reardon, J. P. (2009) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2009.00668.x · Cited by 82 · see citing works
“Four carefully monitored clinical studies (2,4,6,23,24) showed a delayed pattern of meal times among night eaters.”
BackgroundInfluentialNight eating patterns and chronotypes: A correlation with binge eating behaviors
Harb, A. B. C., Levandovski, R. M., Oliveira, C., Caumo, W., Allison, K. C., Stunkard, A. J., & Hidalgo, M. P. L. (2012) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.07.004 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“previous studies have shown that participants with NES have similar sleep onset and offset times to those of controls (O’Reardon et al., 2004; Rogers et al., 2006), suggesting that their circadian delay may be confined to their eating as opposed to more globally affecting other aspects of their functioning.”
Development, validation and reliability of the Chrononutrition Profile - Questionnaire
Veronda, A. C., Allison, K. C., Crosby, R. D., & Irish, L. A. (2019) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2019.1692349 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“Night eating may result from circadian desynchrony of the sleep/wake and feeding/fasting cycles (O’Reardon et al. 2004).”
BackgroundYahia, N., Brown, C. A., Potter, S. J., Szymanski, H., Smith, K. L., Pringle, L., Herman, C. P., Uribe, M., Fu, Z., Chung, M., et al. (2017) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-017-0403-z · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“However, findings on disturbed eating behaviors among college students with NES were reported in previous studies [14, 18, 59, 60].”
Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Night Eating Syndrome: A Pilot Study
Allison, K. C., Lundgren, J. D., Moore, R. H., O’Reardon, J. P., & Stunkard, A. J. (2010) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2010.64.1.91 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Night Eating Syndrome: Impact on Bariatric Surgery
Colles, S. L., & Dixon, J. B. (2006) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1381/096089206777822160 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Problematic Eating Behaviors and Eating Disorders Associated With Bariatric Surgery
Brode, C. S., & Mitchell, J. E. (2019) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2019.01.014 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Hood, M. M., Reutrakul, S., & Crowley, S. J. (2014) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2014.04.009 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“…NES patients have been shown to have similar sleep patterns (in terms of bed/wake times and sleep duration) to non-NES patients in a previous study (O’Reardon et al., 2004), results in this study suggest that increased NES symptoms were correlated with a greater evening preference, supported by a…”
Lundgren, J. D., Rempfer, M. V., Brown, C. E., Goetz, J. R., & Hamera, E. K. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2008.10.027 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“NES is characterized as a delay in the circadian intake of food and manifested by evening hyperphagia and/or nocturnal awakening with ingestion of food three or more times/week (O'Reardon et al., 2004; Stunkard et al., 1955).”
BackgroundNight eating syndrome: an overview
Milano, W., Rosa, M. D., Milano, L., & Capasso, A. (2011) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01353.x · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“[51] Furthermore O’Reardon et al.[52] showed the efficacy of the SSRI sertraline in the treatment of NES.”
BackgroundInfluentialSleep‐related eating disorder and its associated conditions
Inoue, Y. (2014) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12263 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“Phase delays in the circadian rhythm of the secretion of hormones, including leptin, insulin, and melatonin, have been demonstrated in patients with NES.33,45 However, as nocturnal awakenings and eating can both influence the underlying neuroendocrine patterns, it is difficult to determine if these physiological alter…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialBatra, T., Malik, I., & Kumar, V. (2019) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.084 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for night eating syndrome using item response theory analysis
Allison, K. C., Engel, S. G., Crosby, R. D., de Zwaan, M., O’Reardon, J. P., Wonderlich, S. A., Mitchell, J. E., West, D. S., Wadden, T. A., & Stunkard, A. J. (2008) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2008.04.004 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“, 1996), after the evening meal (Birketvedt et al., 1999, Marshall, Allison, O’Reardon, Birketvedt, & Stunkard, 2004; O’Reardon et al., 2004), after 11pm (Striegel-Moore et al.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCircadian rhythm disruption as a link between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and obesity?
Vogel, S. W. N., Bijlenga, D., Tanke, M., Bron, T. I., van der Heijden, K. B., Swaab, H., Beekman, A. T. F., & Sandra Kooij, J. J. (2015) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.10.002 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“Disturbances of these rhythms cause sleep disorders and disrupted eating patterns, among others [11,12].”
BackgroundMeule, A., Allison, K. C., & Platte, P. (2014) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.07.002 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“Although individuals with night eating exhibit a phase delay in food consumption and endocrine variables, they usually have a normal sleep–wake cycle (Goel et al., 2009; O'Reardon et al., 2004).”
BackgroundLundgren, J. D., Newberg, A. B., Allison, K. C., Wintering, N. A., Ploessl, K., & Stunkard, A. J. (2008) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2007.07.006 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“The impetus for this investigation was the efficacy of the SSRI sertraline in the treatment of NES in three clinical trials (O'Reardon et al., 2004b, 2006; Stunkard et al., 2006).”
BackgroundMethodEffect of chronotype on academic achievement in a sample of Italian University students
Montaruli, A., Castelli, L., Galasso, L., Mulè, A., Bruno, E., Esposito, F., Caumo, A., & Roveda, E. (2019) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2019.1652831 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Should night eating syndrome be included in the DSM?
Striegel‐Moore, R. H., Franko, D. L., May, A. M., Ach, E., Thompson, D., & Hook, J. M. (2006) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20302 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Clinical Features of Night Eating Syndrome among Depressed Patients
Küçükgöncü, S., Tek, C., Beştepe, E., Musket, C. W., & Gülöksüz, S. (2014) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2280 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Optimal management of night eating syndrome: challenges and solutions
Küçükgöncü, S., Midura, M., & Tek, C. (2015) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s70312 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“NES is characterized by a delayed pattern of food intake in which the patient consumes at least 25% of his or her total daily calories after dinner and/or during nocturnal awakenings.(2) The prevalence of NES is estimated to be 1.”
The validity and clinical utility of night eating syndrome
Striegel‐Moore, R. H., Franko, D. L., & Garcia, J. (2009) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20721 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Higher 24‐h Respiratory Quotient and Higher Spontaneous Physical Activity in Nighttime Eaters
Gluck, M. E., Venti, C. A., Salbe, A. D., Votruba, S. B., & Krakoff, J. A. (2010) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2010.206 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“Surprisingly, no differences have been observed between individuals with night eating syndrome and control subjects in sleep onset and offset, as measured by actigraphy among outpatients (17) and by polysomnography among in-patients (18).”
BackgroundAllison, K. C., & Goel, N. (2018) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.02.047 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Nutritional Aspects of Late Eating and Night Eating
Gallant, A. R., Lundgren, J. D., & Drapeau, V. (2013) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-013-0081-8 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Circadian Insights into Motivated Behavior
Antle, M. C., & Silver, R. (2015) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2015_384 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“As their sleep cycles are not shifted relative to the typical population (O’Reardon et al. 2004), this may represent a uncoupling of various clock systems.”
BackgroundFood intake and addictive-like eating behaviors: Time to think about the circadian clock(s)
Mendoza, J. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.07.003 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Development of criteria for a diagnosis: lessons from the night eating syndrome
Stunkard, A. J., Allison, K. C., Geliebter, A., Lundgren, J. D., Gluck, M. E., & O’Reardon, J. P. (2008) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2008.09.013 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“Two outpatient [5,11] and 2 inpatient (General Clinical Research Center) studies of NES [5,21] have used diagnostic ratings made by different clinicians.”
InfluentialEffect of Media Use on Adolescent Body Weight
Cha, E. M., Hoelscher, D. M., Ranjit, N., Chen, B., Gabriel, K. P., Kelder, S. H., & Saxton, D. L. (2018) · Preventing Chronic Disease · doi:10.5888/pcd15.180206 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Antelmi, E., Vinai, P., Pizza, F., Marcatelli, M., Speciale, M., & Provini, F. (2013) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2013.08.796 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“Thus NES could be considered a circadian disorder with a phase delay in food consumption and disruption of the sleep-wake cycle, which would involve a dissociation of the circadian control of eating and sleep [14,26,27].”
BackgroundPsychological Co-morbidities of Physical Illness
Pagoto, S. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0029-6 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Familial aggregation in the night eating syndrome
Lundgren, J. D., Allison, K. C., & Stunkard, A. J. (2006) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20269 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“9% of total daily caloric intake after dinner.(2) Based on a figure of 2 SD above the mean for controls, 25% of calories consumed after the evening meal was considered abnormally large.”
Tu, C., Tseng, M. M., & Chang, C. (2018) · Journal of the Formosan Medical Association · doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2018.10.010 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“Nevertheless, the finding that there were no differences in morningness/eveningness preferences and sleep disturbances between individuals with NES and controls was in line with the current view on NES e that NES represents a delay in the circadian pattern of eating that disrupts sleep, but basic sleep rhythm is intac…”
ResultDepression and Disordered Eating in the Obese Person
Faulconbridge, L. F., & Bechtel, C. F. (2013) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-013-0080-9 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
The application of ecological momentary assessment to the study of night eating
Boseck, J. J., Engel, S. G., Allison, K. C., Crosby, R. D., Mitchell, J. E., & de Zwaan, M. (2006) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20359 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Delayed Timing of Eating: Impact on Weight and Metabolism
Allison, K. C., Goel, N., & Ahima, R. S. (2013) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-013-0084-5 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Boston, R. C., Moate, P. J., Allison, K. C., Lundgren, J. D., & Stunkard, A. J. (2008) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.6.1672 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Night eating among veterans with obesity
Dorflinger, L. M., Ruser, C. B., & Masheb, R. M. (2017) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.07.011 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“While 290 patient reports of initial insomnia and nocturnal awakenings have been shown, using item 291 response theory analysis, to be key factors associated with night eating (36), findings appear to 292 be mixed with some studies reporting that individuals with night eating have similar sleep onset 293 latency and t…”
ResultAllison, K. C., & Stunkard, A. J. (2005) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2004.09.006 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“awakenings than controls, and they occur earlier in the sleep period [79].”
BackgroundSakthivel, S. J., Hay, P., & Mannan, H. R. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15122791 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Bright light therapy for the treatment of night eating syndrome: A pilot study
McCune, A. M., & Lundgren, J. D. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.079 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The night eating syndrome: a progress report
Stunkard, A. J., Allison, K. C., & O’Reardon, J. P. (2005) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2005.01.013 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Lundgren, J. D., McCune, A. M., Spresser, C. D., Harkins, P., Zolton, L., & Mandal, K. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.08.008 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“…NES were developed in the context of obese and non-obese, non-eating disordered populations (e.g., Stunkard et al., 1955; Birketvedt et al., 1999; O'Reardon et al., 2004; Lundgren et al., 2008a) and 2) studies of NES have frequently excluded research participants with current eating disorder…”
BackgroundInfluentialWinkelman, J. W., Johnson, E. A., & Richards, L. M. (2011) · Handbook of Clinical Neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-52006-7.00037-x · Cited by 33 · see citing works
When You Eat Matters: 60 Years of Franz Halberg's Nutrition Chronomics
Cornélissen, G. (2012) · The Open Nutraceuticals Journal · doi:10.2174/1876396001205010016 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Sleep Pathologies and Eating Disorders: A Crossroad for Neurology, Psychiatry and Nutrition
Mutti, C., Malagutti, G., Maraglino, V., Misirocchi, F., Zilioli, A., Rausa, F., Pizzarotti, S., Spallazzi, M., Rosenzweig, I., & Parrino, L. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15204488 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Fragmented sleep, with multiple praecox nocturnal awakenings after sleep onset may be appreciated with objective sleep recording [50] and longitudinal studies reported higher risk for obesity, metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia among untreated patients, with higher odds among women [51].”
BackgroundEffects of bariatric surgery on night eating and depressive symptoms: a prospective study
Pinto, T. F., de Bruin, P. F. C., de Bruin, V. M. S., Lemos, F. N., Lopes, F. H. A., & Lopes, P. M. (2016) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2016.12.010 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Corbalán-Tutau, M. D., Madrid, J. A., & Garaulet, M. (2012) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2012.03.015 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“…timing and duration of meals and sleeping, independently, could have an important impact on obesity, different authors have suggested that any alteration in the usual relationship between timing of food intake and sleep (O’Reardon et al., 2004; Rogers et al., 2006) could have an impact on obesity.”
Türkoğlu, S., & Çetin, F. H. (2019) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2019.1622131 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Night eating, weight, and health behaviors in adults participating in the Daily24 study
Lent, M. R., Atwood, M. E., Bennett, W. L., Woolf, T. B., Martin, L., Zhao, D., Goheer, A. A., Song, S., McTigue, K. M., Lehmann, H. P., et al. (2022) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101605 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Circadian Dysregulation: The Next Frontier in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
von Allmen, D. C., Francey, L. J., Rogers, G. M., Ruben, M. D., Cohen, A. P., Wu, G., Schmidt, R. E., Ishman, S. L., Amin, R. S., Hogenesch, J. B., et al. (2018) · Otolaryngology · doi:10.1177/0194599818797311 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Night-eating disorder among humans is likewise associated with metabolic syndrome.(14,15) Chronic jet lag in mice can promote nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which can progress to fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.”
BackgroundAdipose circadian rhythms: Translating cellular and animal studies to human physiology
Johnston, J. D. (2011) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2011.05.008 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Orexin action on oxytocin neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
Maejima, Y., Takahashi, S., Takasu, K., Takenoshita, S., Ueta, Y., & Shimomura, K. (2017) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0000000000000773 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
- Authors
- O'Reardon, J. P., Ringel, B. L., Dinges, D. F., Allison, K. C., Rogers, N. L., Martino, N. S., & Stunkard, A. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Stunkard, Albert J.
- Venue
- Obesity Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-11
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1789-1796
- ISSN
- 1071-7323 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-8528
- OpenAlex
- W2155177818
- Cited by
- 223
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 14.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Obesity Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Pfizer Pharmaceuticals
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK056735)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- night eating syndrome, circadian rhythm, dietary habits, sleep-wake patterns, night eating, nocturnal awakenings, sleep arousal, meal timing, energy intake, obesity
- MeSH terms
- Activity Cycles, Adult, Arousal, Energy Intake, Circadian Rhythm, Eating, Female, Humans, Hyperphagia, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Sleep, Syndrome, Body Mass Index
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