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Hypothalamic control of energy expenditure and thermogenesis
Open accessAbstract
Energy expenditure and energy intake need to be balanced to maintain proper energy homeostasis. Energy homeostasis is tightly regulated by the central nervous system, and the hypothalamus is the primary center for the regulation of energy balance. The hypothalamus exerts its effect through both humoral and neuronal mechanisms, and each hypothalamic area has a distinct role in the regulation of energy expenditure. Recent studies have advanced the understanding of the molecular regulation of energy expenditure and thermogenesis in the hypothalamus with targeted manipulation techniques of the mouse genome and neuronal function. In this review, we elucidate recent progress in understanding the mechanism of how the hypothalamus affects basal metabolism, modulates physical activity, and adapts to environmental temperature and food intake changes.
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“The hypothalamus has a critical role in maintaining body temperature via circulating humoral signals (eg, thyroid hormone) and regulation of nervous system inputs (eg, sympathetic tone) (78).”
From Approach to the patient with acquired hypothalamic syndrome (2026) · cites this paper as [78]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Tran, L. T., Park, S., Kim, S. K., Lee, J. S., Kim, K. W., & Kwon, O.
- Affiliations
- Seoul National University (KR)
- Yonsei University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Seul Ki
- Kim, Ki Woo
- Kwon, Obin
- Venue
- Experimental & Molecular Medicine
- Published
- 2022-03-17
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 358-369
- ISSN
- 1226-3613 (ISSN-L)
- 2092-6413
- PMC
- PMC9076616
- OpenAlex
- W4220699785
- Cited by
- 208
- References
- 217
- Citations by year
- 2026: 47 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 6
- FWCI
- 5.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Experimental & Molecular Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- YUHSpace (Yonsei University Medical Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation of Korea (2018R1C1B5086453, 2020R1C1C1008033, 2016R1A5A2008630, 2021R1A2C4002011)
- Creative-Pioneering Researchers Program through Seoul National University
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- hypothalamus, energy expenditure, thermogenesis, energy homeostasis, basal metabolic rate, physical activity, dietary intake, neuronal regulation, molecular regulation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Energy Metabolism, Homeostasis, Hypothalamus, Neurons, Thermogenesis, Mice
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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