Cited by 83Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsCOVID-19 and Mental HealthReligion, Spirituality, and Psychology

Mindfulness practice for protecting mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic

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Zhu, Julie Lei, Schülke, Rasmus, Vatansever, Deniz, Xi, Dayou, Yan, Junjie, Zhao, Hanqing, Xie, Xiaohua, Feng, Jianfeng +3 more·2021·Translational Psychiatry

Abstract

Emerging evidence shows that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is negatively affecting mental health around the globe. Interventions to alleviate the psychological impact of the pandemic are urgently needed. Whether mindfulness practice may protect against the harmful emotional effects of a pandemic crisis remains hitherto unknown. We investigated the influence of mindfulness training on mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. We hypothesized that mindfulness practitioners might manifest less pandemic-related distress, depression, anxiety, and stress than non-practitioners and that more frequent practice would be associated with an improvement in mental health during the pandemic. Therefore, we assessed pandemic-related distress and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as the frequency of meditation practice at the peak of new infections (Feb 4-5; N = 673) and three weeks later (Feb 29-30; N = 521) in mindfulness practitioners via online questionnaires. Self-reported symptoms were also collected from non-practitioners at peak time only (N = 1550). We found lower scores of pandemic-related distress in mindfulness practitioners compared to non-practitioners. In general, older participants showed fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety. In younger practitioners, pandemic-related distress decreased from peak to follow-up. Importantly, increased mindfulness training during the preceding two weeks was associated with lower scores of depression and anxiety at both assessments. Likewise, practice frequency predicted individual improvement in scores of depression, anxiety, and stress at follow-up. Our results indicate that mindfulness meditation might be a viable low-cost intervention to mitigate the psychological impact of the COVID-19 crisis and future pandemics.

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  • Mindfulness meditation has proven mental health benefits and involves passive observation of breath, typically practiced daily for 20-min or more sessions.

    “This common practice with proven mental health benefits21,22,23,24 involves passive observation of breath and is typically practiced daily for 20-min (or more) sessions.22”

    From Brief structured respiration practices enhance mood and reduce physiological arousal (2023) · cites this paper as [21]

    The Introduction (page not available) describes mindfulness as repeated non-judgmental observation and reports evidence of mental-health benefits. The Methods > Study design describes a guide with daily home exercises, but it does not specify passive observation of breath or sessions of 20 minutes or more. The study’s own findings are observational, so they do not establish benefits as proven. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • An observational study from China by Zhu et al. comparing mindfulness practitioners and nonpractitioners during the first wave demonstrated a significant decrease in pandemic-related stress among mindfulness practitioners but not in depression or anxiety.

    “An observational study from China by Zhu et al. comparing mindfulness practitioners and nonpractitioners during the first wave demonstrated a significant decrease in pandemic-related stress among mindfulness practitioners but not in depression or anxiety.11”

    From Mindfulness-based Interventions: Can They Improve Self-care and Psychological Well-being? (2022) · cites this paper as [11]

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  • Studies assessing the practice of mindfulness meditation during COVID-19 showed positive results on the psychological distress of the population, suggesting that mindfulness meditation might be a viable intervention for the impact of the pandemic on mental health.

    “Studies assessing the practice of mindfulness meditation during COVID-19 showed positive results on the psychological distress of the population, suggesting that mindfulness meditation might be a viable intervention for the impact of the pandemic on mental health (Matiz et al., 2020; Bursky et al., 2021; Zhu et al., 2021).”

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Authors
Zhu, J. L., Schülke, R., Vatansever, D., Xi, D., Yan, J., Zhao, H., Xie, X., Feng, J., Chen, M. Y., Sahakian, B. J., & Wang, S.
Affiliations
  • Fudan University (CN)
  • Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University (CN)
  • University of Cambridge (GB)
Corresponding author
  • Sahakian, Barbara Jacquelyn
  • Wang, Shouyan
Venue
Translational Psychiatry
Published
2021-05-28
Volume
11
Issue
1
Pages
329-329
ISSN
2158-3188 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3164378126
Cited by
83
References
70
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 6
FWCI
11.94
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Translational Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Apollo
  • Apollo (cc-by)
Funders
  • Shanghai Science and Technology Development Foundation (Shanghai Science and Technology Development Fund) (16JC1420402, 16JC1420402, 16JC1420402, Shanghai Science and Technology Development Fund) (16JC1420402)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (111 Project, 91630314, National Science Foundation of China) (NSFC91630314, NSFC91630314, 2018SHZDZX01, NSFC91630314)
  • Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission) (2018SHZDZX01, 2018SHZDZX01, Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission) (2018SHZDZX01, 2018SHZDZX01)
  • Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project (2018YFC1312900, B18015, No. B18015, 2018SHZDZX01)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
  • Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
Keywords
mindfulness meditation, COVID-19 pandemic, mental health, depression, anxiety, stress, psychological intervention, age differences
MeSH terms
COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Anxiety, China, Depression, Humans, Mental Health, Stress, Psychological, Pandemics, Mindfulness

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