Active disambiguation guides inferring controllability and cause in social interactions
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Abstract
There has been considerable interest in how we ascertain whether an environment is controllable and the neural mechanisms mediating this process. An especially acute version of this problem occurs when multiple people work together. Using a new task, fMRI and computational modelling, we demonstrate that in such ambiguous social contexts, people engage in specific behaviours that we refer to as active disambiguation. This process helps individuals establish what they themselves, as opposed to others, control and what consequence they themselves cause or that another person causes. People identify when active disambiguation is needed and engage in it at that time. A pattern of activity in the supramarginal gyrus that emerges during and after active disambiguation is linked to tracking uncertainty and establishing controllability. We show that activity in this brain region signals a second learning mechanism, by which individuals attribute outcomes to themselves versus others, proportional to their perceived control.
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A leave-one-out (LOO) procedure was implemented to avoid temporal selection bias in time-course analyses.
“To assess statistical significance while avoiding a temporal selection bias in the time-course analyses, we implemented a LOO procedure.”
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Self-citationTwo prefrontal-subcortical circuits estimate controllability and reflect its impact on learning
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Spiering, L., Trier, H. A., O’Reilly, J. X., Kolling, N., Wittmann, M. K., Rushworth, M. F. S., & Scholl, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Lyon 1 Université (FR)
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Spiering, Lisa
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2025-12-22
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 11568-11568
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC12748874
- OpenAlex
- W7116675305
- Cited by
- 2
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1
- FWCI
- 1.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (203139/Z/16/Z, 221794/Z/20/Z, 203139, 203139/A/16/Z)
- Government of the United Kingdom
- UK Research and Innovation
- European Commission (203139/Z/16/Z)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
- Directorate for Biological Sciences
- HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme
- Medical Research Council (MR/N014448/1, 203139/Z/16/Z, MR/N013468/1, MR/L019639/1, MR/Y010477/1, MR/N013468/, MR/T031344/1)
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/V004999/1, BB/W003392/1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Free Will and Agency
- Keywords
- perceived controllability, causal attribution, social interaction, supramarginal gyrus, self-other attribution, joint action
- MeSH terms
- Social Interaction, Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Computer Simulation, Female, Humans, Learning, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Parietal Lobe, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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