An umbrella review of the benefits and risks associated with youths’ interactions with electronic screens
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
The influence of electronic screens on the health of children and adolescents and their education is not well understood. In this prospectively registered umbrella review (PROSPERO identifier CRD42017076051 ), we harmonized effects from 102 meta-analyses (2,451 primary studies; 1,937,501 participants) of screen time and outcomes. In total, 43 effects from 32 meta-analyses met our criteria for statistical certainty. Meta-analyses of associations between screen use and outcomes showed small-to-moderate effects (range: r = -0.14 to 0.33). In education, results were mixed; for example, screen use was negatively associated with literacy (r = -0.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.20 to -0.09, P ≤ 0.001, k = 38, N = 18,318), but this effect was positive when parents watched with their children (r = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.28, P = 0.028, k = 12, N = 6,083). In health, we found evidence for several small negative associations; for example, social media was associated with depression (r = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.05 to 0.19, P ≤ 0.001, k = 12, N = 93,740). Limitations of our review include the limited number of studies for each outcome, medium-to-high risk of bias in 95 out of 102 included meta-analyses and high heterogeneity (17 out of 22 in education and 20 out of 21 in health with I 2 > 50%). We recommend that caregivers and policymakers carefully weigh the evidence for potential harms and benefits of specific types of screen use.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The finding of no significant influence of smartphone bans on academic performance contradicts numerous studies indicating that smartphone use has a negative effect on academic performance.
“Overall, there is no significant influence of a smartphone ban here, which contradicts numerous studies indicating that smartphone use has a negative effect on academic performance [5,31].”
From To Ban or Not to Ban? A Rapid Review on the Impact of Smartphone Bans in Schools on Social Well-Being and Academic Performance (2024) · cites this paper as [5]
The Education Outcomes section (page unavailable) reports negative associations between some forms of screen use and learning or literacy, supporting the broader concern about educational outcomes. It does not establish that smartphone use specifically causes poorer academic performance. The finding about the smartphone ban is the citing authors’ own result, not a finding attributed to this review. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThere are numerous indications that the use of digital media not only hinders learning processes, but can even prevent them.
“On the other hand, however, there are numerous indications that the use of digital media not only hinders learning processes, but can even prevent them.”
From To Ban or Not to Ban? A Rapid Review on the Impact of Smartphone Bans in Schools on Social Well-Being and Academic Performance (2024) · cites this paper as [5]
The Education Outcomes section reports small negative associations between learning and general screen use, television viewing, and video games. It does not show that digital media prevents learning, and it also reports positive associations for educational screen uses. The claim turns associations into a causal assertion and omits the review’s important distinction between types of use. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFindings from meta-analyses on cognition and digital media are inconsistent.
“Meta-analytic studies are mixed.82”
From Digital Ecosystems, Children, and Adolescents: Technical Report (2026) · cites this paper as [82]
It remains unclear whether specific modalities of screen time are differentially associated with adolescent mental health outcomes.
“Furthermore, it remains unclear whether specific modalities of screen time (e.g., device type, digital media type, and specific websites and applications) are differentially associated with adolescent mental health outcomes, prompting a call for researchers to conduct more nuanced measurements and analyses of screen use that focus on the contents, contexts, and environments in which digital media”
From Screen time and mental health: a prospective analysis of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (2024) · cites this paper as [89]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
1 retracted
Wu, Y., Amirfakhraei, A., Ebrahimzadeh, F., Jahangiry, L., & Farhangi, M. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2022.822108 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
RetractedThe PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., et al. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n71 · Cited by 108,283 · see citing works
Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 · Cited by 56,722 · see citing works
Dermyshi, E., Wang, Y., Yan, C., Hong, W., Qiu, G., Gong, X., & Zhang, T. (2017) · Neonatology · doi:10.1159/000454668 · Cited by 24,577 · see citing works
GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction—GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables
Guyatt, G., Oxman, A. D., Akl, E. A., Kunz, R., Vist, G., Brozek, J., Norris, S., Falck-Ytter, Y., Glasziou, P., & deBeer, H. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026 · Cited by 10,681 · see citing works
The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J., Bossuyt, P., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T., mulrow, C., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J., Akl, E., Brennan, S. E., et al. (2020) · doi:10.31222/osf.io/v7gm2 · Cited by 5,177 · see citing works
Norderyd, O. M., Koch, G., Papias, A., Köhler, A. A., Helkimo, A. N., Brahm, C., Lindmark, U., Lindfors, N., Mattsson, A., Rolander, B., et al. (2015) · PubMed · Cited by 3,584 · see citing works
Evaluating Effect Size in Psychological Research: Sense and Nonsense
Funder, D. C., & Ozer, D. J. (2019) · Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2515245919847202 · Cited by 3,295 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Throughout the results section, we interpret the size of the effects using Funder and Ozer’s guidelines 258 as follows: very small (0.05 < r ≤ 0.1); small (0.1 < r ≤ 0.2); medium (0.2 < r ≤ 0.2); large (0.3 < r ≤ 0.4); and very large (r ≥ 0.4).”
InfluentialEffect size guidelines for individual differences researchers
Gignac, G. E., & Szodorai, E. T. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.069 · Cited by 2,860 · see citing works
Personality and Individual Differences
Smith, M. B., Jordan, P., & Wallace, J. C. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118979013.ch2 · Cited by 2,572 · see citing works
Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth.
Tremblay, M. S., LeBlanc, A. G., Kho, M. E., Saunders, T. J., Larouche, R., Colley, R. C., Goldfield, G., & Gorber, S. (2011) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-8-98 · Cited by 2,085 · see citing works
Grabe, S., Ward, L. M., & Hyde, J. S. (2008) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.134.3.460 · Cited by 2,053 · see citing works
Anderson, C. A., Shibuya, A., Ihori, N., Swing, E. L., Bushman, B. J., Sakamoto, A., Rothstein, H. R., & Saleem, M. (2010) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0018251 · Cited by 2,048 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of the cognitive and motivational effects of serious games.
Wouters, P., van Nimwegen, C., van Oostendorp, H., & van der Spek, E. D. (2013) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0031311 · Cited by 1,864 · see citing works
Merchant, Z., Goetz, E. T., Cifuentes, L., Keeney-Kennicutt, W., & Davis, T. J. (2014) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2013.07.033 · Cited by 1,508 · see citing works
Screen time and sleep among school-aged children and adolescents: a systematic literature review
Hale, L., & Guan, S. (2015) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2014.07.007 · Cited by 1,468 · see citing works
Current Directions in Psychological Science
(2009) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/(issn)1467-8721 · Cited by 1,462 · see citing works
Children and Adolescents and Digital Media
Reid Chassiakos, Y. (., Radesky, J., Christakis, D., Moreno, M. A., Cross, C., COUNCIL ON COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA, Hill, D., Ameenuddin, N., Hutchinson, J., Levine, A., et al. (2016) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2016-2593 · Cited by 1,340 · see citing works
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
(2013) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/127.1433-9285 · Cited by 1,331 · see citing works
Stiglic, N., & Viner, R. M. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023191 · Cited by 1,259 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Although there have been other overviews of reviews on screen use, these have tended to focus on a single domain (for example, health 21 ), focus on a particular exposure (for example, social media 22,23 ) or provide only a narrative summary of the literature 24 .”
American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Haynes, M. A., & Last, J. M. (1985) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(18)31428-4 · Cited by 1,151 · see citing works
Marshall, S. J., Biddle, S., Gorely, T., Cameron, N., & Murdey, I. D. (2004) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802706 · Cited by 1,104 · see citing works
Self-citationTamim, R. M., Bernard, R. M., Borokhovski, E., Abrami, P. C., & Schmid, R. F. (2011) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654310393361 · Cited by 1,029 · see citing works
Przybylski, A. K., & Weinstein, N. (2017) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797616678438 · Cited by 890 · see citing works
The Effects of Television Violence on Antisocial Behavior: A Meta-Analysis1
Paik, H., & Comstock, G. A. (1994) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/009365094021004004 · Cited by 857 · see citing works
The International Journal of Environmental and Science Education
(2016) · The International Journal of Environmental and Science Education · doi:10.12973/ijese · Cited by 824 · see citing works
Parry, D. A., Davidson, B. I., Sewall, C. J. R., Fisher, J. T., Mieczkowski, H., & Quintana, D. S. (2021) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-021-01117-5 · Cited by 793 · see citing works
Cheung, A. C. K., & Slavin, R. E. (2013) · Educational Research Review · doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2013.01.001 · Cited by 792 · see citing works
Social media use and its impact on adolescent mental health: An umbrella review of the evidence.
Valkenburg, P. M., Meier, A., & Beyens, I. (2022) · Current opinion in psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.08.017 · Cited by 767 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Although there have been other overviews of reviews on screen use, these have tended to focus on a single domain (for example, health 21 ), focus on a particular exposure (for example, social media 22,23 ) or provide only a narrative summary of the literature 24 .”
An exploratory test for an excess of significant findings
Ioannidis, J. P., & Trikalinos, T. A. (2007) · Clinical Trials · doi:10.1177/1740774507079441 · Cited by 751 · see citing works
Social media use and adolescent mental health: Findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study
Kelly, Y., Zilanawala, A., Booker, C., & Sacker, A. (2018) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2018.12.005 · Cited by 740 · see citing works
Carter, B., Rees, P., Hale, L., Bhattacharjee, D., & Paradkar, M. S. (2016) · JAMA Pediatrics · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.2341 · Cited by 718 · see citing works
Teenagers, screens and social media: a narrative review of reviews and key studies
Orben, A. (2020) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01825-4 · Cited by 706 · see citing works
Marino, C., Gini, G., Vieno, A., & Spada, M. M. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.10.007 · Cited by 658 · see citing works
Media Use in School-Aged Children and Adolescents
COUNCIL ON COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA, Hill, D., Ameenuddin, N., Chassiakos, Y. (. R., Cross, C., Radesky, J., Hutchinson, J., Levine, A., Boyd, R., Mendelson, R., et al. (2016) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2016-2592 · Cited by 622 · see citing works
Boyland, E. J., Nevitt, S. J., Kelly, B., Smith, C. T., Jones, A., Halford, J. C. G., & Robinson, E. (2016) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.115.120022 · Cited by 605 · see citing works
Problematic Social Media Use in Adolescents and Young Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Shannon, H., Bush, K., Villeneuve, P. J., Hellemans, K. G., & Guimond, S. (2022) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/33450 · Cited by 593 · see citing works
Protective and risk factors for adolescent sleep: A meta-analytic review
Bartel, K., Gradisar, M., & Williamson, P. (2014) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2014.08.002 · Cited by 571 · see citing works
Systematic review and meta-analysis of augmented reality in educational settings
Garzón, J., Pavón, J., & Baldiris, S. (2019) · Virtual Reality · doi:10.1007/s10055-019-00379-9 · Cited by 562 · see citing works
A Meta-analysis of the Effects of Computer Technology on School Students’ Mathematics Learning
Li, Q., & Ma, X. (2010) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-010-9125-8 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
Mathematics Interventions for Children with Special Educational Needs: A Meta-Analysis
Kroesbergen, E. H., & Van Luit, J. E. H. (2003) · Remedial and Special Education · doi:10.1177/07419325030240020501 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology
(1993) · Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1139/h93-034 · Cited by 530 · see citing works
Ferguson, C. J. (2015) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691615592234 · Cited by 524 · see citing works
Reading from paper compared to screens: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Clinton‐Lisell, V. (2019) · Journal of Research in Reading · doi:10.1111/1467-9817.12269 · Cited by 496 · see citing works
Meta-analysis of the impact of Augmented Reality on students’ learning gains
Garzón, J., & Acevedo, J. (2019) · Educational Research Review · doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2019.04.001 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Associations Between Screen Use and Child Language Skills: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Madigan, S., McArthur, B. A., Anhorn, C., Eirich, R., & Christakis, D. A. (2020) · JAMA Pediatrics · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0327 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Internet addiction and sleep problems: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Alimoradi, Z., Lin, C., Broström, A., Bülow, P. H., Bajalan, Z., Griffiths, M. D., Ohayon, M. M., & Pakpour, A. H. (2019) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2019.06.004 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Sadeghirad, B., Duhaney, T., Motaghipisheh, S., Campbell, N. R. C., & Johnston, B. C. (2016) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12445 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Chen, L., Ho, S. S., & Lwin, M. O. (2017) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444816634037 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Is playing exergames really exercising? A meta-analysis of energy expenditure in active video games
Peng, W., Lin, J.-H., & Crouse, J. (2011) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2010.0578 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
Marciano, L., Ostroumova, M., Schulz, P. J., & Camerini, A.-L. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.793868 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Social media use and risky behaviors in adolescents: A meta-analysis
Vannucci, A., Simpson, E. G., Gagnon, S., & Ohannessian, C. M. (2020) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.01.014 · Cited by 410 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Social media showed strong evidence of harmful associations with risk taking in general, as well as unsafe sex and substance abuse 218 .”
Effective Programs in Elementary Mathematics: A Best-Evidence Synthesis
Slavin, R. E., & Lake, C. (2008) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654308317473 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Takacs, Z. K., Swart, E. K., & Bus, A. G. (2015) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654314566989 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Screen time and childhood overweight/obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Fang, K., Mu, M., Liu, K., & He, Y. (2019) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/cch.12701 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of the impact of technology on learning effectiveness of elementary students
Chauhan, S. (2017) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2016.11.005 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
A meta-analytic review of the role of instructional support in game-based learning
Wouters, P., & van Oostendorp, H. (2013) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2012.07.018 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Lamb, R. L., Annetta, L. A., Firestone, J. B., & Etopio, E. (2017) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.10.040 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Effects of game‐based learning on students' mathematics achievement: A meta‐analysis
Tokac, U., Novak, E., & Thompson, C. G. (2019) · Journal of Computer Assisted Learning · doi:10.1111/jcal.12347 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Liu, M., Wu, L., & Yao, S. (2016) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-095084 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of the association between adolescent social media use and depressive symptoms
Ivie, E. J., Pettitt, A., Moses, L. J., & Allen, N. B. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.014 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Is social network site usage related to depression? A meta-analysis of Facebook–depression relations
Yoon, S., Kleinman, M., Mertz, J., & Brannick, M. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.026 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Effects of video-game play on information processing: a meta-analytic investigation
Powers, K. L., Brooks, P. J., Aldrich, N. J., Palladino, M. A., & Alfieri, L. (2013) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-013-0418-z · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Formative Assessment and Writing: A Meta-Analysis
Graham, S., Hebert, M., & Harris, K. R. (2015) · The Elementary School Journal · doi:10.1086/681947 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Media use and ADHD-related behaviors in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis
Nikkelen, S. W. C., Valkenburg, P. M., Huizinga, M., & Bushman, B. J. (2014) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0037318 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Twenge, J. M. (2019) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721419838244 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Takacs, Z. K., & Kassai, R. (2019) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000195 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
The Public Health Risks of Media Violence: A Meta-Analytic Review
Ferguson, C. J., & Kilburn, J. C. (2009) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.11.033 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
How effective are mobile devices for language learning? A meta-analysis
Sung, Y., Chang, K.-E., & Yang, J.-M. (2015) · Educational Research Review · doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2015.09.001 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Major, L., Francis, G. A., & Tsapali, M. (2021) · British Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.1111/bjet.13116 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Mobile Health Interventions for Improving Health Outcomes in Youth: A Meta-analysis
Fedele, D. A., Cushing, C. C., Fritz, A., Amaro, C. M., & Ortega, A. (2017) · JAMA Pediatrics · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.0042 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Adelantado-Renau, M., Moliner-Urdiales, D., Cavero-Redondo, I., Beltran-Valls, M. R., Martínez-Vizcaíno, V., & Álvarez-Bueno, C. (2019) · JAMA Pediatrics · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3176 · Cited by 313 · cited 3× · see citing works
“The credible evidence we identified showed that video game playing was associated with poor body composition and learning 29,173 .”
InfluentialLearning in One-to-One Laptop Environments: A Meta-Analysis and Research Synthesis
Zheng, B., Warschauer, M., Lin, C.-H., & Chang, C. (2016) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654316628645 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
The association between digital screen time and myopia: A systematic review
Lança, C., & Saw, S. (2020) · Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics · doi:10.1111/opo.12657 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Social media and depression symptoms: a meta-analysis
Cunningham, S., Hudson, C. C., & Harkness, K. (2021) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-020-00715-7 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
How features of educational technology applications affect student reading outcomes: A meta-analysis
Cheung, A. C. K., & Slavin, R. E. (2012) · Educational Research Review · doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2012.05.002 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Comparison of reading performance on screen and on paper: A meta-analysis
Kong, Y., Seo, Y. S., & Zhai, L. (2018) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2018.05.005 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Computer-Assisted Instruction in Support of Beginning Reading Instruction: A Review
Blok, H., Oostdam, R., Otter, M. E., & Overmaat, M. (2002) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543072001101 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
The Conceptual and Methodological Mayhem of “Screen Time”
K. Kaye, L., Orben, A., A. Ellis, D., C. Hunter, S., & Houghton, S. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17103661 · Cited by 304 · cited 1× · see citing works
“This evidence has led some researchers to argue that a more nuanced approach to screen use guidelines is required 19 .”
How Effective are Pedagogical Agents for Learning? A Meta-Analytic Review
Schroeder, N. L., Adesope, O., & Gilbert, R. B. (2013) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.2190/ec.49.1.a · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Metaanalysis of the relationship between violent video game play and physical aggression over time
Prescott, A. T., Sargent, J. D., & Hull, J. G. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1611617114 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Effects of media violence on viewers' aggression in unconstrained social interaction.
Wood, W., Wong, F. Y., & Chachere, J. G. (1991) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.109.3.371 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Eirich, R., McArthur, B. A., Anhorn, C., McGuinness, C., Christakis, D. A., & Madigan, S. (2022) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.0155 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Janssen, X., Martin, A., Hughes, A. R., Hill, C. M., Kotronoulas, G., & Hesketh, K. R. (2020) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2019.101226 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Self-citationA Comparison of Children’s Reading on Paper Versus Screen: A Meta-Analysis
Furenes, M. I., Kucirkova, N., & Bus, A. G. (2021) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654321998074 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Effective Programs in Middle and High School Mathematics: A Best-Evidence Synthesis
Slavin, R. E., Lake, C., & Groff, C. (2009) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654308330968 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Active Video Games for Youth: A Systematic Review
Barnett, A. H., Cerin, E., & Baranowski, T. (2011) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.8.5.724 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Association between digital smart device use and myopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Foreman, J., Salim, A. T., Praveen, A., Fonseka, D., Ting, D. S. W., He, M., Bourne, R., Crowston, J. G., Wong, T. Y., & Dirani, M. (2021) · The Lancet Digital Health · doi:10.1016/s2589-7500(21)00135-7 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Positive Effects of Television on Children's Social Interactions: A Meta-Analysis
Mares, M., & Woodard, E. H. (2005) · Media Psychology · doi:10.1207/s1532785xmep0703_4 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Online support for smoking cessation: a systematic review of the literature
Shahab, L., & McEwen, A. (2009) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02710.x · Cited by 275 · see citing works
A Meta-analysis of the Effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Instruction in Science Education
Bayraktar, Ş. (2001) · Journal of Research on Technology in Education · doi:10.1080/15391523.2001.10782344 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Effects of Sesame Street: A meta-analysis of children’s learning in 15 countries
Mares, M.-L., & Pan, Z. (2013) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2013.01.001 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
An umbrella review of the evidence associating diet and cancer risk at 11 anatomical sites
Papadimitriou, N., Markozannes, G., Kanellopoulou, A., Critselis, E., Alhardan, S., Karafousia, V., Kasimis, J. C., Katsaraki, C., Papadopoulou, A., Zografou, M. T., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-24861-8 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Davey, S., & Davey, A. (2014) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 235 · see citing works
A meta‐analysis of active video games on health outcomes among children and adolescents
Gao, Z., Chen, S., Pasco, D., & Pope, Z. (2015) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12287 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Children and Computers: New Technology. Old Concerns
Wartella, E. A., & Jennings, N. A. (2000) · The Future of Children · doi:10.2307/1602688 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Digital game‐based learning for K–12 mathematics education: A meta‐analysis
Byun, J., & Joung, E. (2018) · School Science and Mathematics · doi:10.1111/ssm.12271 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Association between sedentary behavior and low back pain; A systematic review and meta-analysis
Mahdavi, S. B., Riahi, R., Vahdatpour, B., & Kelishadi, R. (2021) · Health Promotion Perspectives · doi:10.34172/hpp.2021.50 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Li, C., Cheng, G., Sha, T., Cheng, W., & Yan, Y. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17197324 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Social anxiety and internet use – a meta-analysis: what do we know? What are we missing?
Prizant-Passal, S., Shechner, T., & Aderka, I. M. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.04.003 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
The effects of mobile phone use on academic performance: A meta-analysis
Kates, A. W., Wu, H., & Coryn, C. L. S. (2018) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2018.08.012 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Mazeas, A., Duclos, M., Pereira, B., & Chalabaev, A. (2022) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/26779 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Association between digital smart device use and myopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Foreman, J., Salim, A. T., Praveen, A., Fonseka, D., Ting, D. S. W., He, M., Bourne, R., Crowston, J. G., Wong, T. Y., & Dirani, M. (2021) · Anglia Ruskin Research Online (Anglia Ruskin University) · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Zucker, T. A., Moody, A. K., & McKenna, M. C. (2009) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.2190/ec.40.1.c · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Early Childhood Computer Experience and Cognitive and Motor Development
Li, X., & Atkins, M. S. (2004) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.113.6.1715 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Boyland, E. J., McGale, L. S., Maden, M., Hounsome, J. C., Boland, A., Angus, K., & Jones, A. (2022) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.1037 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of social networking online and social capital
Liu, D., Ainsworth, S. E., & Baumeister, R. F. (2016) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/gpr0000091 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
The cognitive benefits of learning computer programming: A meta-analysis of transfer effects.
Scherer, R., Siddiq, F., & Sánchez Viveros, B. (2019) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/edu0000314 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Benavides‐Varela, S., Callegher, C. Z., Fagiolini, B., Leo, I., Altoè, G., & Lucangeli, D. (2020) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103953 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Mori, C., Temple, J. R., Browne, D., & Madigan, S. (2019) · JAMA Pediatrics · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.1658 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
The effect of screen advertising on children's dietary intake: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Russell, S., Croker, H. A., & Viner, R. (2018) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12812 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Champion, K. E., Parmenter, B., McGowan, C., Spring, B., Wafford, Q. E., Gardner, L. A., Thornton, L., McBride, N., Barrett, E. L., Teesson, M., et al. (2019) · The Lancet Digital Health · doi:10.1016/s2589-7500(19)30088-3 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Scionti, N., Cavallero, M., Zogmaister, C., & Marzocchi, G. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02812 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Social networking online and personality of self-worth: a meta-analysis
Liu, D., & Baumeister, R. F. (2016) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2016.06.024 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Sedentary behaviour and risk of anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Allen, M. S., Walter, E. E., & Swann, C. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.081 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
van Ekris, E., Altenburg, T. M., Singh, A. S., Proper, K. I., Heymans, M. W., & Chinapaw, M. J. M. (2016) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12426 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Behavioral factors influencing childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Poorolajal, J., Sahraei, F., Mohamdadi, Y., Doosti‐Irani, A., & Moradi, L. (2020) · Obesity Research & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2020.03.002 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
The Impact of Leisure-Time Television on School Learning: A Research Synthesis
Williams, P. A. H., Haertel, E. H., Haertel, G. D., & Walberg, H. J. (1982) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/00028312019001019 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Strong, G. K., Torgerson, C. J., Torgerson, D. J., & Hulme, C. (2010) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02329.x · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Fischer, P. A., Greitemeyer, T., Kastenmüller, A., Vogrincic-Haselbacher, C., & Sauer, A. (2011) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0022267 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Wang, S., Jiao, H., Young, M. J., Brooks, T., & Olson, J. (2008) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164407305592 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Social Media Use and Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Nesi, J., Burke, T. A., Bettis, A. H., Kudinova, A. Y., Thompson, E. C., MacPherson, H. A., Fox, K. A., Lawrence, H. R., Thomas, S. A., Wolff, J. C., et al. (2021) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102038 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Effectiveness of Interventions Aimed at Reducing Screen Time in Children
Wahi, G. (2011) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.122 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Scherer, R., Siddiq, F., & Viveros, B. S. (2020) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106349 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
The impact of eSports and online video gaming on lifestyle behaviours in youth: A systematic review
Chan, G., Huo, Y., Kelly, S. J., Leung, J., Tisdale, C., & Gullo, M. J. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.106974 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
The Effect of Augmented Reality Applications in the Learning Process: A MetaAnalysis Study
OZDEMIR, M., Şahin, Ç., Arcagök, S., & DEMIR, M. K. (2018) · Eurasian Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.14689/ejer.2018.74.9 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Cushing, C. C., & Steele, R. G. (2010) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsq023 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
The effects of competition in digital game-based learning (DGBL): a meta-analysis
Chen, C., Shih, C.-C., & Law, V. (2020) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/s11423-020-09794-1 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Time Spent on Social Media and Risk of Depression in Adolescents: A Dose–Response Meta-Analysis
Liu, M., Kamper-DeMarco, K. E., Zhang, J., Xiao, J., Dong, D., & Xue, P. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19095164 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Cheung, A., & Slavin, R. E. (2013) · Reading Research Quarterly · doi:10.1002/rrq.50 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Tsai, Y.-L., & Tsai, C.-C. (2018) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2018.06.020 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Social networking site use and self-esteem: a meta-analytic review
Saiphoo, A. N., Dahoah Halevi, L., & Vahedi, Z. (2020) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.109639 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Sanders, T., Parker, P. D., del Pozo-Cruz, B., Noetel, M., & Lonsdale, C. (2019) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-019-0881-7 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Self-citationPhonics training for English-speaking poor readers
McArthur, G. M., Eve, P., Jones, K., Banales, E., Kohnen, S., Anandakumar, T., Larsen, L., Marinus, E., Wang, H., & Castles, A. E. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009115.pub2 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Reading Strategies for Coping with Information Overload ca. 1550-1700
Blair, A. (2003) · Journal of the History of Ideas · doi:10.2307/3654293 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Measurement of screen time among young children aged 0–6 years: A systematic review
Byrne, R., Terranova, C. O., & Trost, S. G. (2021) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13260 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Claussen, A. H., Holbrook, J. R., Hutchins, H. J., Robinson, L., Bloomfield, J., Meng, L., Bitsko, R., O'Masta, B., Cerles, A. A., Maher, B., et al. (2022) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-022-01358-4 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Coyne, S. M., Padilla‐Walker, L. M., Holmgren, H. G., Davis, E. J., Collier, K. M., Memmott‐Elison, M. K., & Hawkins, A. J. (2017) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000412 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Hammersley, M. L., Jones, R. A., & Okely, A. D. (2016) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.5893 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Haghjoo, P., Siri, G., Soleimani, E., Farhangi, M. A., & Alesaeidi, S. (2022) · BMC Primary Care · doi:10.1186/s12875-022-01761-4 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
de Oliveira, R. G., & Guedes, D. P. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168503 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Television watching and risk of childhood obesity: a meta-analysis
Zhang, G., Wu, L., Zhou, L., Lu, W., & Mao, C. (2015) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckv213 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
When media become the mirror: a meta-analysis on media and body image
Huang, Q. E., Peng, W., & Ahn, S. (2020) · Media Psychology · doi:10.1080/15213269.2020.1737545 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Problematic Gaming and Sleep: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Kristensen, J. H., Pallesen, S., King, D. L., Hysing, M., & Erevik, E. K. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.675237 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Wang, J., Li, M., Zhu, D., & Cao, Y. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/21923 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Gardella, J. H., Fisher, B. W., & Teurbe-Tolon, A. R. (2017) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654316689136 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Active versus Passive Screen Time for Young Children
Sweetser, P., Johnson, D. M., Ozdowska, A., & Wyeth, P. A. (2012) · Australasian Journal of Early Childhood · doi:10.1177/183693911203700413 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
On the effects of 3D virtual worlds in language learning – a meta-analysis
Wang, C.-P., Lan, Y., Tseng, W., Lin, Y.-T. R., & Gupta, K. C.-L. (2019) · Computer Assisted Language Learning · doi:10.1080/09588221.2019.1598444 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Passive objective measures in the assessment of problematic smartphone use: A systematic review
Ryding, C., & Kuss, D. J. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100257 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Augmented reality technology in language learning: A meta‐analysis
Cai, Y. C., Pan, Z., & Liu, M. (2022) · Journal of Computer Assisted Learning · doi:10.1111/jcal.12661 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Suleiman‐Martos, N., García‐Lara, R. A., Martos-Cabrera, M. B., Albendín‐García, L., Romero‐Béjar, J. L., la Fuente, G. A. C., & Gómez‐Urquiza, J. L. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13072478 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Takacs, Z., Swart, E. K., & Bus, A. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01366 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Interventions for Children With Mathematical Difficulties
Chodura, S., Kuhn, J., & Holling, H. (2015) · Zeitschrift für Psychologie · doi:10.1027/2151-2604/a000211 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Vahedi, Z., Sibalis, A., & Sutherland, J. E. (2018) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.06.007 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
He, Z., Hua, W., Yu, F., Fu, J., Sun, S., Huang, T. M., Wang, R., Chen, D., Zhao, G., & Quan, M. (2021) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/22601 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
van Grieken, A., Ezendam, N. P., Paulis, W. D., van der Wouden, J. C., & Raat, H. (2012) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-9-61 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Stavrinos, D., Pope, C. N., Shen, J., & Schwebel, D. C. (2017) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12827 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Xie, H., Peng, J., Qin, M., Huang, X., Tian, F., & Zhou, Z. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02580 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Moran, J., Ferdig, R. E., Pearson, P. D., Wardrop, J., & Blomeyer, R. L. (2008) · Journal of Literacy Research · doi:10.1080/10862960802070483 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Effects of mobile devices on K–12 students' achievement: a meta‐analysis
Tingir, S., Cavlazoglu, B., Çalışkan, Ö., Köklü, O., & Intepe-Tingir, S. (2017) · Journal of Computer Assisted Learning · doi:10.1111/jcal.12184 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Aghasi, M., Matinfar, A., Golzarand, M., Salari-Moghaddam, A., & Ebrahimpour‐Koujan, S. (2019) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmz073 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
A Synthesis of Quantitative Research on Programs for Struggling Readers in Elementary Schools
Neitzel, A. J., Lake, C., Pellegrini, M., & Slavin, R. E. (2021) · Reading Research Quarterly · doi:10.1002/rrq.379 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Kim, J., Gilbert, J., Yu, Q., & Gale, C. (2021) · AERA Open · doi:10.1177/23328584211004183 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Effect Sizes and Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis in Higher Education
Bowman, N. A. (2011) · Research in Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s11162-011-9232-5 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
The Oxford Handbook of Media Psychology
(2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195398809.001.0001 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Ferguson, C. J., Copenhaver, A., & Markey, P. M. (2020) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691620927666 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Dynamic Geometry Software Improves Mathematical Achievement: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Chan, K. K., & Leung, S. W. (2014) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.2190/ec.51.3.c · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Zhang, J., Yang, S. X., Wang, L., Han, L. H., & Wu, X. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.018 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Australasian Journal of Early Childhood
(2019) · Australasian Journal of Early Childhood · doi:10.23965/ajec · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Feng, J., Zheng, C., Sit, C. H. P., Reilly, J. J., & Huang, Y. (2021) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2021.1945183 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Tokunaga, R. S. (2017) · Communication Monographs · doi:10.1080/03637751.2017.1332419 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
A Meta-Analysis on the Longitudinal, Age-Dependent Effects of Violent Video Games on Aggression
Burkhardt, J., & Lenhard, W. (2021) · Media Psychology · doi:10.1080/15213269.2021.1980729 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Learning From Video: A Meta-Analysis of the Video Deficit in Children Ages 0 to 6 Years
Strouse, G. A., & Samson, J. E. (2020) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.13429 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Everything in Moderation: Moderate Use of Screens Unassociated with Child Behavior Problems
Ferguson, C. J. (2017) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-016-9486-3 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Vahedi, Z., & Zannella, L. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-019-0150-6 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Baumann, H., Fiedler, J., Wunsch, K., Wöll, A., & Wollesen, B. (2022) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/35920 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Sun, L., Hu, L., & Zhou, D. (2021) · Journal of Computer Assisted Learning · doi:10.1111/jcal.12545 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Yin, X.-Q., de Vries, D. A., Gentile, D. A., & Wang, J.-L. (2019) · Social Science Computer Review · doi:10.1177/0894439318784908 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Andrade, A., Correia, C. K., & Coimbra, D. R. (2019) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2019.0341 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Phonics training for English-speaking poor readers
McArthur, G. M., Sheehan, Y., Badcock, N. A., Francis, D. A., Wang, H., Kohnen, S., Banales, E., Anandakumar, T., Marinus, E., & Castles, A. E. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009115.pub3 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Reynard, S., Dias, J., Mitić, M., Schrank, B., & Woodcock, K. A. (2022) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/31456 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Like this meta-analysis: Screen media and mental health.
Ferguson, C. J., Kaye, L. K., Branley-Bell, D., Markey, P., Ivory, J. D., Klisanin, D., Elson, M., Smyth, M., Hogg, J. L., McDonnell, D., et al. (2022) · Professional Psychology: Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/pro0000426 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
The persuasive effect of advergames promoting unhealthy foods among children: A meta-analysis
Folkvord, F., & Riet, J. V. ‘. (2018) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2018.07.020 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Darling, K. E., & Sato, A. F. (2017) · Childhood Obesity · doi:10.1089/chi.2017.0038 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Meta-Analysis of Achievement Effects of Microcomputer Applications in Elementary Schools
Ryan, A. W. (1991) · Educational Administration Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0013161x91027002004 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Arztmann, M., Hornstra, L., Jeuring, J., & Kester, L. (2023) · Studies in Science Education · doi:10.1080/03057267.2022.2057732 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The Effects of Using Mobile Devices on Student Achievement in Language Learning: A Meta-Analysis
Cho, K., Lee, S., Joo, M.-H., & Becker, B. J. (2018) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci8030105 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
A meta-analysis on the association between self-esteem and problematic smartphone use
Casale, S., Fioravanti, G., Benucci, S. B., Falone, A., Ricca, V., & Rotella, F. (2022) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2022.107302 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Tian, S., Zou, D., Zhang, H., & Pan, C. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-13155-3 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Effects of active video games on children and adolescents: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Oliveira, C. B., Pinto, R. Z., Saraiva, B. T. C., Tebar, W. R., Delfino, L. D., Franco, M. R., da Silva, C. C. M., & Christófaro, D. G. D. (2019) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.13539 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Li, S., & Guoliang, Y. U. (2021) · Acta Psychologica Sinica · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1041.2021.00273 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Lu, G., Ding, Y., Zhang, Y., Huang, H., Liang, Y., & Chen, C. (2021) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-021-00413-2 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
David, D., Costescu, C. A., Cardoș, R. A.-I., & Mogoaşe, C. (2020) · Child & Youth Care Forum · doi:10.1007/s10566-020-09566-1 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Sleep problems in excessive technology use among adolescent: a systemic review and meta-analysis
Mei, X., Zhou, Q., Li, X., Jing, P., Wang, X., & Hu, Z. (2018) · Sleep Science and Practice · doi:10.1186/s41606-018-0028-9 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Screen time in children and adolescents: is there evidence to guide parents and policy?
Ashton, J. J., & Beattie, R. M. (2019) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(19)30062-8 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Exploring the myth of the chubby gamer: A meta-analysis on sedentary video gaming and body mass
Marker, C., Gnambs, T., & Appel, M. (2019) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.05.030 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
de la Torre, J. A., Puigdomènech, E., García, X. G., Valderas, J. M., Eiroá‐Orosa, F. J., Fernández‐Villa, T., Molina, A. J., Martín, V., Serrano‐Blanco, A., Alonso, J., et al. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/16388 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Online media consumption and depression in young people: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Shin, M., Juventin, M., Chu, J. T. W., Manor, Y. D., & Kemps, E. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.107129 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Shin, Y., Kim, S. K., & Lee, M. (2019) · Public Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/phn.12655 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Fowler, L. A., Grammer, A. C., Staiano, A. E., Fitzsimmons‐Craft, E. E., Chen, L., Yaeger, L., & Wilfley, D. E. (2021) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-021-00765-x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 256 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 11
- [2]2. Bell, A. N. The sanitarian. vol. 11 (AN Bell, 1883).
- [10]10. Warburton, W. & Highfield, K. Children and technology in a smart device world. in Children, Families and Communities 195-221 (Oxford University Press, 2017).
- [25]25. Pollock, M., Fernandes, R., Becker, L., Pieper, D. & Hartling, L. Chapter V: Overviews of Reviews. in Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (eds.
- [28]28. Abrami, P., Borohkovski, E. & Lysenko, L. The effects of ABRACADABRA on reading outcomes: A meta-analysis of applied field research. Journal of Interactive Learning Research 26, 337-367 (2015).
- [108]108. Hao, T., Wang, Z. & Ardasheva, Y. Technology-Assisted Vocabulary Learning for EFL Learners: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness 14, 645-667 (2021).
- [126]126. Lee, J., Piao, M., Byun, A. & Kim, J. A systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention for pediatric obesity using mobile technology. Nursing Informatics 2016 225, 491-494 (2016).
- [131]131. Liao, Y.-K. Effects of Computer-Assisted Instruction on Cognitive Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Research on Computing in Education 24, 367-80 (1992).
- [137]137. Liu, D., Baumeister, R. F., Yang, C.-c. & Hu, B. Digital Communication Media Use and Psychological Well-Being: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 24, 259-273 (2019).
- [146]146. Marciano, L., Schulz, P. J. & Camerini, A.-L. Cyberbullying Perpetration and Victimization in Youth: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 25, 163-181 (2020).
- [195]195. Soo Jung, K. & Yan Ping, X. A Synthesis of Computer-Assisted Mathematical Word Problem-Solving Instruction for Students with Learning Disabilities or Difficulties. Learning Disabilities: A Contemporary Journal 20, 27-45 (2022).
- [243]243. Seetharaman, G. W., Jeff Horwitz and Deepa. Facebook Knows Instagram Is Toxic for Teen Girls, Company Documents Show. Wall Street Journal (2021).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Social media use, mental health and sleep: A systematic review with meta-analyses
Ahmed, O., Walsh, E. I., Dawel, A., Alateeq, K., Espinoza Oyarce, D. A., & Cherbuin, N. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.193 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Mallawaarachchi, S., Burley, J., Mavilidi, M., Howard, S. J., Straker, L., Kervin, L., Staton, S., Hayes, N., Machell, A., Torjinski, M., et al. (2024) · JAMA Pediatrics · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.2620 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Lancet Commission on self-harm
Moran, P., Chandler, A., Dudgeon, P., Kirtley, O. J., Knipe, D. W., Pirkis, J., Sinyor, M., Allister, R., Ansloos, J. P., Ball, M. A., et al. (2024) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01121-8 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Nagata, J. M., Al-Shoaibi, A. A. A., Leong, A. W., Zamora, G., Testa, A., Ganson, K. T., & Baker, F. C. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-20102-x · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Firth, J., Torous, J. B., López‐Gil, J. F., Linardon, J., Milton, A. C., Lambert, J. D., Smith, L., Jarić, I., Fabian, H., Vancampfort, D., et al. (2024) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.21188 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Goodyear, V. A., Randhawa, A., Adab, P., Al-Janabi, H., Fenton, S., Jones, K., Michail, M., Morrison, B., Patterson, P., Quinlan, J., et al. (2025) · The Lancet Regional Health - Europe · doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101211 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of technology use and cognitive aging
Benge, J. F., & Scullin, M. K. (2025) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-025-02159-9 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Böttger, T., & Zierer, K. (2024) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci14080906 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
24-hour movement behavior adherence and associations with health outcomes: an umbrella review
Kracht, C. L., Burkart, S. A., Groves, C. I., Balbim, G. M., Pfledderer, C. D., Porter, C. D., Laurent, C. W. S., Johnson, E. K., & Brown, D. M. Y. (2024) · Journal of Activity Sedentary and Sleep Behaviors · doi:10.1186/s44167-024-00064-6 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
From social media to artificial intelligence: improving research on digital harms in youth
Mansfield, K. L., Ghai, S., Hakman, T., Ballou, N., Vuorre, M., & Przybylski, A. K. (2025) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(24)00332-8 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of self-regulation and digital recreation from birth to adolescence
Howard, S. J., Hayes, N., Mallawaarachchi, S. R., Johnson, D. M., Neilsen‐Hewett, C., MacKenzie, J. E., Bentley, L. A., & White, S. L. J. (2024) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2024.108472 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Woolf, S. H. (2025) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2025-070849 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
IMI: The Role of Light in Refractive Development and Myopia: Evidence from Animal and Human Studies
Ashby, R., Harb, E. N., Ostrin, L. A., Flitcroft, I., Schaeffel, F., Karouta, C., Gawne, T. J., Chakraborty, R., Thomson, K., Read, S. A., et al. (2025) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.66.15.5 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Frielingsdorf, H., Fomichov, V., Rystedt, I., Lindstrand, S., Korhonen, L., & Henriksson, H. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-83951-x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Approaches to children’s smartphone and social media use must go beyond bans.
Goodyear, V. A., James, C., Orben, A., Quennerstedt, M., Schwartz, G., & Pallan, M. (2025) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2024-082569 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Bourke, M., Wang, H., Fortnum, K., Thomas, G., O’Flaherty, M. J., Mulcahy, S. K., Gomersall, S. R., Alsop, T., Trost, S. G., Bruijns, B. A., et al. (2025) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.70120 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationBeynon, A. M., Hendry, D., Rasmussen, C. L., Rohl, A. L., Eynon, R., Thomas, G., Stearne, S. M., Campbell, A., Harris, C. J., Zabatiero, J. G., et al. (2024) · Children · doi:10.3390/children11070754 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationCross‐sectional and longitudinal associations of screen time with adolescent depression and anxiety
Li, S. H., Batterham, P. J., Whitton, A. E., Maston, K., Khan, A., Christensen, H. M., & Werner‐Seidler, A. (2025) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12547 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Social Media Detox and Youth Mental Health
Calvert, E., Cipriani, M., Dwyer, B., Lisowski, V., Mikkelson, J., Chen, K., Flathers, M., Hau, C., Xia, W., Castillo, J., et al. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.45245 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Perlmutter, E., Dwyer, B., & Torous, J. (2024) · Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40501-024-00312-1 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Sarı, E. S., Terzi, H., & Şahin, D. (2024) · Public Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/phn.13446 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Faust, A. M., Auerbeck, A., Lee, A. M., Kim, I., & Conroy, D. E. (2024) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-024-00499-x · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Kajastus, K., Kiviruusu, O. H., MARTTUNEN, M. J., & Ranta, K. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-06231-y · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Digital Ecosystems, Children, and Adolescents: Technical Report
Munzer, T., Milkovich, L. M., Madigan, S., Tomopoulos, S., Parga-Belinkie, J., Ajumobi, T., Cross, C., Gerwin, R., Council on Communications and Media, Radesky, J., et al. (2026) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2025-075321 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Zhao, Y., Han, X., Bagot, K. S., Tapert, S. F., Potenza, M. N., & Paulus, M. P. (2025) · npj Mental Health Research · doi:10.1038/s44184-025-00131-z · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Llamada a la prudencia en el uso de las pantallas: ausencia de evidencia no es evidencia de ausencia
Salmerón-Ruiz, M. A., Montiel, I., & L’Ecuyer, C. (2024) · Anales de Pediatría · doi:10.1016/j.anpedi.2024.03.009 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Brosnan, B. J., Meredith-Jones, K. A., Haszard, J. J., Wickham, S.-R., Galland, B. C., Russell‐Camp, T., & Taylor, R. W. (2025) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-024-01698-0 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Beyond screen time: The core influences of problematic screen use on adolescent development networks
Xu, L., Song, K., Deng, H.-Y., Geng, X., Zhang, J., Fang, X., Potenza, M. N., & Zhang, J. (2025) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2025.00035 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Ho, S. N. J., Yu, M., & Brown, T. (2024) · Journal of Occupational Therapy Schools & Early Intervention · doi:10.1080/19411243.2024.2333276 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Wang, J., Zhang, H., Tian, D., An, Y., Wang, Y., & Zheng, Y. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-20386-z · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Social media: the root cause of rising youth self‐harm or a convenient scapegoat?
Christensen, H. M., Slade, A., & Whitton, A. E. (2024) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/mja2.52503 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The curse of television: Evidence from nutritional outcomes in rural China
Huang, L., Ren, Y., Zamani, O., & Loy, J. (2025) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107014 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Alves, M. I., Júnior, S. A. D., Martins, T., Felipe, A. O. B., Freitas, P. S., & Moreira, D. D. S. (2025) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1111/jcap.70015 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Influence of maternal and infant technology use and other family factors on infant development
Beynon, A. M., Straker, L. M., Rasmussen, C. L., Hendry, D., Stearne, S. M., Zubrick, S. R., Jongeling, B., Harris, C. J., Silva, D. T., & Zabatiero, J. G. (2024) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-024-05165-4 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Scoping review of interventions aimed at promoting healthy screen use among adolescents
Tock, W. L., Gauvin, L. I., Hudon, F., Tremblay, F., Bélanger, R. E., & Turcotte‐Tremblay, A. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-103772 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Screen Time Among and Youth Children With Disabilities: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Vanderloo, L. M., Bourke, M., Taylor, L. G., Phillips, S. M., Loh, A., Disimino, K., Bassett-Gunter, R. L., Koo, T., Thompson‐Hill, M., & Tucker, P. (2025) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/cch.70136 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Frei, E., Frei, O., Jaholkowski, P. P., Parker, N., Parekh, P., Shadrin, A. A., Hagen, E., Bakken, N. R., Birkenæs, V., Ask, H., et al. (2025) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116761 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Lo, C. K. M., Chan, K. L., Chan, E. W. W., Ho, F. K. W., & Ip, P. (2024) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2024.108284 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
US State Policies Regarding Social Media: Do Policies Match the Evidence?
Thimm-Kaiser, M., & Keyes, K. M. (2025) · Milbank Quarterly · doi:10.1111/1468-0009.70021 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Bourke, M., Brown, D. M. Y., & KWAN, M. Y. W. (2025) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/21676968251376750 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Atkin, A. J., Sherar, L. B., Ekelund, U., Hansen, B. H., Andersen, L. B., Anderssen, S. A., Kriemler, S., Kwon, S., Kristensen, P. L., Wedderkopp, N., et al. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0327394 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationHøy, T. V., Tjørnhøj‐Thomsen, T., Pawlowski, C. S., Gejl, A. K., Danielsen, D., & Toftager, M. (2025) · Discover Psychology · doi:10.1007/s44202-025-00404-w · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Mori, T., Aoki, T., Oishi, K., Harada, T., Tanaka, C., Tanaka, S., Tanaka, H., Fukuda, K., Kamikawa, Y., Tsuji, N., et al. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-20659-7 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Physical Activity and Screen Time Trends in Swedish Youth: The Generation Pep Study 2018–2023
Kaegi-Braun, N., Hedin, L., Cassel, S., Carlander, A., Höök, M. J., & Löf, M. (2025) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.70146 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Tsomokos, D. I. (2026) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-025-02999-w · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Lo, C. K. M., Chan, E. W. W., Cho, Y. W., Chan, K.-L., Ip, P., & Ho, F. K. (2025) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2025.100720 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Bozzola, E., Irrera, M., Barni, S., Caruso, C., Leccese, B., Franzese, E., Fioretti, L., Bernardelli, L., Scarpato, E., Cupertino, V., et al. (2026) · The Italian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s13052-026-02198-6 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
When struggling readers meet the screen – A secondary analysis of ePIRLS 2016 data
Skovdahl, O., Salmerón, L., & Anmarkrud, Ø. (2024) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2024.102623 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Lin, Q., Hunsberger, M. L., Klingberg, S., Henauw, S. D., Hebestreit, A., Lauria, F., Mazur, A., Moreno, L. A., Noémi, K. M. E., Pigeot, I., et al. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-23578-3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Social Media and Suicidal Behavior in Youth: Slippery Slope or Simply Overstressed?
Giancola, N., Bentley, K. H., & Torous, J. B. (2024) · Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40501-024-00323-y · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Zhang, D., Ke, Y., Yan, Y., Shen, Y., & Wang, Z. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-65595-1_1 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Zhao, J., Cui, N., Li, Y., Wang, G., Hu, S., Hao, Y., & Liu, J. (2025) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-025-03944-y · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Questioning the Challenge to Screen Use Guidelines
L’Ecuyer, C., Semper, J. V. O., Montiel, I., Osorio, A., López–Fidalgo, J., & Salmerón-Ruiz, M. A. (2025) · Teoría de la Educación Revista Interuniversitaria · doi:10.14201/teri.31886 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
O’Hare, K., Chitsabesan, P., Ford, T. J., Gallagher, L., John, A. M., McNicholas, F., Minnis, H., Thapar, A., & Kelleher, I. (2025) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2025.10480 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Zhong, Y., Li, C., Jiang, J., Fryer, L. K., & Shum, A. (2026) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.1177/07356331261434358 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Nobakht, H. N., Wichstrøm, L., & Steinsbekk, S. (2026) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-026-02362-5 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Firth, J., Linardon, J., Sawyer, C. S., French, C., Stubbs, B., Firth, J. A., Solmi, M., Torous, J. B., Berhe, K., Hallal, P. C., et al. (2026) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2026-0550 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Holly, L., Raeside, R., Morton, A., Shi, J., Padmapriya, N., & Müller‐Riemenschneider, F. (2026) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(26)01611-9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
de la Fuente, J., Lecuona-López, L., Pachón-Basallo, M., Iñiguez, L. S. M., & Blanco-Sarto, P. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1382016 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Smartphone use by children in fast food restaurants in Barcelona (Spain): a direct observation study
de Paz-Cantos, S., González‐Marrón, A., Lidón‐Moyano, C., Cabriada-Sáez, Í., Lara, M. C., Gómez-Galán, R., & Martínez-Sánchez, J. M. (2024) · Gaceta Sanitaria · doi:10.1016/j.gaceta.2024.102421 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Smartphone and tablet use pattern in children up to 5 years old in Spain: a cross-sectional study
de Paz-Cantos, S., González‐Marrón, A., Lidón‐Moyano, C., Lara, M. C., Díez-Izquierdo, A., & Martínez-Sánchez, J. M. (2024) · Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/1518-8345.7276.4377 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The influence of health-promoting schools on the students’ active and sedentary behaviour
Valencia‐Peris, A., Sanchis-Francés, L., & Chinchilla-Ramírez, C. (2025) · Psychology Society & Education · doi:10.21071/pse.v17i1.17384 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Kostyrka‐Allchorne, K., Stoilova, M., Bourgaize, J., Murray, A. L., Azeri, E., Hollis, C. P., Townsend, E., Livingstone, S., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-085061 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Yang, D., Wang, C., Li, Z., & Fei, C. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-22912-4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Schameri, S. A., Plattner, B., Rainer, L. J., Gampe, H., Salcher, B., Grebosz‐Haring, K., Klettner, M.-C., & Winds, K. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16020170 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Rajagopal, A., Nisar, M., Morawska, A., Edwards, E. J., & Khan, A. (2026) · Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools · doi:10.1177/20556365261423543 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Wang, M., & Lee, Y. R. (2026) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2026.01.008 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Goodyear, V. A., Randhawa, A., Adab, P., Al‐Janabi, H., Fenton, S. A. M., Michail, M., Patterson, P. H., Sitch, A. J., Wade, M., & Pallan, M. J. (2026) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2026.119094 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Carlander, A., Cassel, S., Höök, M. J., Lundgren, O., Bagge, A. L., & Löf, M. (2026) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.70524 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Gannon, J., Kosola, S. K., Boode, K., Calleja‐Agius, J., Elias, C., & Saxena, S. K. (2026) · Health Policy · doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2026.105665 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Negrea, M. O., Negrea, G. O., Săndulescu, G., Neamtu, B. M., Solomon, A., Popa, M. L., Stoia, O., Domnariu, C. D., & Teodoru, M. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16101532 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Saqib, W., & Gazerani, P. (2024) · European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education · doi:10.3390/ejihpe14080147 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Li, S. H., Batterham, P. J., Whitton, A. E., Maston, K., Khan, A., Christensen, H. M., & Werner‐Seidler, A. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4872339 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Small effects, big questions: the unfinished business of social media restriction science
Thimm-Kaiser, M., & Keyes, K. M. (2025) · SSM - Mental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmmh.2025.100467 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Holly, L. (2026) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2026-100024 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Striking the right balance of daily 24-h physical behaviors in preschoolers
Ramos-Munell, J., Álvarez‐Barbosa, F., Gallardo‐Gómez, D., Cruz, B. D. P., Alfonso‐Rosa, R. M., Okely, A. D., & del Pozo-Cruz, J. (2025) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s10389-025-02531-z · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Screens and Preschool Children: A Qualitative Exploration of Parental Experiences
Orfanidou, M., Theodosiadou, S., & Koliouli, F. (2025) · Children & Society · doi:10.1111/chso.12994 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Health literacy and screen use among 13-year-old students in Norway – A cross-sectional study
Waldum-Grevbo, K. S., Holen, S., & Sagatun, Å. (2025) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/14034948251358570 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zhou, J., Zhu, N., Suwada, K., & Toikko, T. (2025) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s532794 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ludin, N. M., Prescott, A. E., Martínez-García, A., Bodmer, S., Stevenson, K., Allen, N., Sharma, V., Davies, N., Hopkins, S. A., Stasiak, K., et al. (2025) · Mental Health & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.mhp.2025.200469 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Pakpour, A. H., Huus, K., Ahorsu, D. K., Björling, G., Broström, A., Bengtsson, S., Jakobsson, M., & Eriksson, M. (2026) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2026.100672 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Do Cyberbullies Develop Depressive Symptoms? A Longitudinal Multi-Study
Bansal, S., Garg, N., & Singh, J. (2026) · Basic and Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/01973533.2026.2625487 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Liu, W. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1766808 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zhou, J., Suwada, K., & Toikko, T. (2026) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-026-01676-6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Yao, E. S., Fleming, T. M., Hetrick, S. E., In, S., Thabrew, H., & Clark, T. C. (2026) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2026.06.009 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Takács, J., & Seregély, B. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105608 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Lo, C. K. M., Chan, E. W. W., Cho, Y. W., Chan, K. L., Ip, P., & Ho, F. K. W. (2024) · doi:10.2196/preprints.59529 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Porlán, I. G. (2024) · Revista Interuniversitaria de Investigación en Tecnología Educativa · doi:10.6018/riite.617261 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ante la saturación tecnológica, ayunos digitales intermitentes
Serrano, J. (2024) · doi:10.64628/aao.xnqgd79wh · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Salmerón-Ruiz, M. A., Montiel, I., & L’Ecuyer, C. (2024) · Anales de Pediatría (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.anpede.2024.03.052
Loucaides, C. A. (2024) · Human Movement · doi:10.5114/hm/192534
de Paz-Cantos, S., González‐Marrón, A., Lidón‐Moyano, C., Lara, M. C., Díez-Izquierdo, A., & Martínez-Sánchez, J. M. (2024) · Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/1518-8345.7276.4378
Patrón de uso de smartphones y tablets en niños de hasta 5 años en España: estudio transversal
de Paz-Cantos, S., González‐Marrón, A., Lidón‐Moyano, C., Lara, M. C., Díez-Izquierdo, A., & Martínez-Sánchez, J. M. (2024) · Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/1518-8345.7276.4376
Labrenz, O., Waedel, L., Kölch, M. G., Lezius, S., Wacker, C., Brindle, A., Paschke, K., Thomasius, R., & Reis, O. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1478012
Gargot, T., Özgür, A. G., Cifuentes, C. A., & Orlandi, S. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-59936-1_5
Siddiq, F., & Scherer, R. (2025) · Nordic Journal of Digital Literacy · doi:10.18261/njdl.20.1.6
Hong, W., Wang, J., Liu, R., & Zhou, Z. (2025) · Media Psychology · doi:10.1080/15213269.2025.2515384
de Paz-Cantos, S., González‐Marrón, A., & Martínez-Sánchez, J. M. (2024) · Boletín de Pediatría · doi:10.63788/tqn75039
The impact of television on the mental health of audiences in Albania
Gogo, V. (2025) · The Proceedings of the World Conference on Media and Communication. · doi:10.33422/worldcmc.v2i1.1053
Gong, T., Frans, E. M., Ohlis, A., Yao, S., Zhang, R., Nilsson, A., Molero, Y., Mosing, M. A., Brikell, I., Larsson, H., et al. (2026) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-026-02607-0
- Authors
- Sanders, T., Noetel, M., Parker, P., Del Pozo Cruz, B., Biddle, S., Ronto, R., Hulteen, R., Parker, R., Thomas, G., De Cocker, K., Salmon, J., Hesketh, K., Weeks, N., Arnott, H., Devine, E., Vasconcellos, R., Pagano, R., Sherson, J., Conigrave, J., & Lonsdale, C.
- Affiliations
- Australian Catholic University (AU)
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- University of Southern Queensland (AU)
- Louisiana State University (US)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Deakin University (AU)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Sanders, Taren
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Human Behaviour
- Published
- 2023-11-13
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 82-99
- ISSN
- 2397-3374 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4388627211
- Semantic Scholar
- a46fb44c49f8afaf4de2c918df3783503d058034
- Cited by
- 148
- References
- 256
- Citations by year
- 2026: 62 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 40
- FWCI
- 110.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Human Behaviour (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (publishedVersion)
- Jyväskylä University Digital Archive (University of Jyväskylä) (submittedVersion)
- Civil War Book Review (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- screen time, electronic screens, youth, children and adolescents, educational outcomes, literacy, social media, depression, parental co-viewing, health outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Humans, Parents, Bias, Risk Assessment
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
