The contribution of the peripheral immune system to neurodegeneration
Abstract
Microglial cells are the major immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), and directly react to neurodegeneration, but other immune cell types are also able to react to pathology and can modify the course of neurodegenerative processes. These mainly include monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes. While these peripheral immune cells were initially considered to act only after infiltrating the CNS, recent evidence suggests that some of them can also act directly from the periphery. We will review the existing and emerging evidence for a role of peripheral immune cells in neurodegenerative diseases, both with and without CNS infiltration. Our focus will be on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, but we will also compare to Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease to highlight similarities or differences. Peripheral immune cells are easily accessible, and therefore may be an attractive therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, understanding how these peripheral immune cells communicate with the CNS deserves deeper investigation.
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Peripheral immune cells may influence neurodegenerative processes directly at the periphery, in addition to the general view that they induce neurodegeneration after CNS infiltration.
“Although peripheral immune cells are generally thought to induce neurodegeneration after CNS infiltration, growing evidence suggests that they may influence neurodegenerative processes directly at the periphery.620”
From Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [620]
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Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases
Loh, J. S., Mak, W. Q., Tan, L. K. S., Ng, C. X., Chan, H. H., Yeow, S. H., Foo, J. B., Ong, Y. S., How, C. W., & Khaw, K. Y. (2024) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-024-01743-1 · Cited by 1,193 · see citing works
- Authors
- Berriat, F., Lobsiger, C. S., & Boillée, S.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Boillée, Séverine
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2023-05-25
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 942-954
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- OpenAlex
- W4378174757
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 132
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 13
- FWCI
- 2.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- peripheral immune cells, neurodegeneration, neurodegenerative diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, microglia, immune cell infiltration, therapeutic target
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Central Nervous System, Humans, Leukocytes, Neurodegenerative Diseases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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