Social cognition in aggressive offenders: impaired empathy, but intact theory of mind
Open accessAbstract
Aggressive, violent behaviour is a major burden and challenge for society. It has been linked to deficits in social understanding, but the evidence is inconsistent and the specifics of such deficits are unclear. Here, we investigated affective (empathy) and cognitive (Theory of Mind) routes to understanding other people in aggressive individuals. Twenty-nine men with a history of legally relevant aggressive behaviour (i.e. serious assault) and 32 control participants were tested using a social video task (EmpaToM) that differentiates empathy and Theory of Mind and completed questionnaires on aggression and alexithymia. Aggressive participants showed reduced empathic responses to emotional videos of others' suffering, which correlated with aggression severity. Theory of Mind performance, in contrast, was intact. A mediation analysis revealed that reduced empathy in aggressive men was mediated by alexithymia. These findings stress the importance of distinguishing between socio-affective and socio-cognitive deficits for understanding aggressive behaviour and thereby contribute to the development of more efficient treatments.
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Impairments in empathy or Theory of Mind have been associated with antisocial behavior, for instance hyperaggression.
“In contrast, impairments in empathy or ToM have been associated with antisocial behavior, for instance to hyperaggression [18,37,50].”
From On the interaction of social affect and cognition: empathy, compassion and theory of mind (2018) · cites this paper as [37]
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- Authors
- Winter, K., Spengler, S., Bermpohl, F., Singer, T., & Kanske, P.
- Affiliations
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (DE)
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Kanske, Philipp
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2017-04-06
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 670-670
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5429629
- OpenAlex
- W2597565683
- Cited by
- 143
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5
- FWCI
- 15.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Universitätsbibliothek der FU Berlin Hochschulschriftenstelle u. Dokumentenserver (publishedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Refubium (Universitätsbibliothek der Freien Universität Berlin) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Refubium (Universitätsbibliothek der Freien Universität Berlin) (submittedVersion)
- Universitätsbibliothek der FU Berlin Hochschulschriftenstelle u. Dokumentenserver
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG BE 2611/2-1)
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (01KR1207C)
- Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Keywords
- aggression, violent offenders, empathy, theory of mind, social cognition, alexithymia, assault, mediation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affective Symptoms, Aggression, Cognition, Empathy, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Behavior, Case-Control Studies, Theory of Mind, Self Report
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