Compassion training alters altruism and neural responses to suffering.

Weng, Helen Y.; Fox, Andrew S.; Shackman, Alexander J.; Stodola, Diane E.; Caldwell, Jessica Z. K.; Olson, Matthew C.; Rogers, Gregory M.; Davidson, Richard J.

doi:10.1177/0956797612469537

Cited by 602Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsPsychological Well-being and Life SatisfactionNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

Compassion training alters altruism and neural responses to suffering.

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Weng, Helen Y., Fox, Andrew S., Shackman, Alexander J., Stodola, Diane E., Caldwell, Jessica Z. K., Olson, Matthew C., Rogers, Gregory M., Davidson, Richard J.·2013·Psychological Science

DOI 10.1177/0956797612469537PMC PMC3713090

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Abstract

Compassion is a key motivator of altruistic behavior, but little is known about individuals' capacity to cultivate compassion through training. We examined whether compassion may be systematically trained by testing whether (a) short-term compassion training increases altruistic behavior and (b) individual differences in altruism are associated with training-induced changes in neural responses to suffering. In healthy adults, we found that compassion training increased altruistic redistribution of funds to a victim encountered outside of the training context. Furthermore, increased altruistic behavior after compassion training was associated with altered activation in brain regions implicated in social cognition and emotion regulation, including the inferior parietal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and in DLPFC connectivity with the nucleus accumbens. These results suggest that compassion can be cultivated with training and that greater altruistic behavior may emerge from increased engagement of neural systems implicated in understanding the suffering of other people, executive and emotional control, and reward processing.

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Short-term compassion meditation training can promote altruistic behavior and increase the tendency to approach, rather than avoid, the suffering of others.
“Findings from longitudinal studies also found that short-term compassion meditation training can promote altruistic behavior and increase the tendency to approach, rather than avoid, the suffering of others [38].”
From Potential therapeutic effects of meditation for treating affective dysregulation (2014) · cites this paper as [38]
The Discussion reports that two weeks of compassion training led to more altruistic behavior toward a victim than reappraisal training. It describes approaching rather than avoiding suffering as a possible mechanism for that behavior, not as a separately demonstrated increase in approach tendency. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
It is not uncommon for patients to experience tingling, trembling, shaking, or limb jerking as they track their body sensations.
“Levine136 emphasizes that it is not uncommon for patients to experience tingling, trembling, shaking, or limb jerking as they track their body sensations.”
From Fear and the Defense Cascade (2015) · cites this paper as [136]
The Method (fMRI Paradigm; page unavailable) describes participants viewing images of suffering and rating their arousal, not patients tracking bodily sensations. Searches for tingling, trembling, shaking, limb jerking, and Levine found no passage in our copy addressing the claim. The citing sentence names Levine, but this copy provides no basis for identifying Levine's work. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The repeated practice of sensorimotor interventions enables the individual to learn that the freeze state is temporary and will pass.
“The repeated practice of these sensorimotor interventions enables the individual to learn that the freeze state is temporary and will pass.136,169”
From Fear and the Defense Cascade (2015) · cites this paper as [136]
The Method > Trainings passage describes repeated compassion and reappraisal practice, not sensorimotor interventions. The Method > fMRI Paradigm addresses emotional responses to images; neither passage addresses a freeze state or learning that it will pass. Searches for “freeze state is temporary and will pass” and “sensorimotor interventions freeze state” found no supporting passage in our copy (page numbers unavailable). (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The practice of fostering engaged, nonreactive curiosity (mindfulness) helps the individual decouple physical sensations from associated feelings of fear.
“The practice of fostering a state of engaged, but nonreactive, curiosity (mindfulness) helps the individual decouple the physical sensations from the associated feelings of fear.136,138,169”
From Fear and the Defense Cascade (2015) · cites this paper as [136]
The Method sections (page unavailable) describe compassion practice and reappraisal while viewing images of others’ suffering. Our copy does not address mindfulness as engaged, nonreactive curiosity or whether it decouples a person’s physical sensations from fear; searches for those terms found no supporting passage. (LLM, conf=0.77)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Short-term training of loving-kindness and compassion is associated with increases in prosocial behavior.
“Behavioral research has shown that short-term training of loving-kindness and compassion is associated with increases in daily positive affect (Kok et al., 2013), prosocial behavior (Leiberg et al., 2011;Weng et al., 2013), resilience (Fredrickson et al., 2008) and empathy (Mascaro et al., 2013).”
From Compassion-based emotion regulation up-regulates experienced positive affect and associated neural networks (2015) · cites this paper as Weng et al., 2013

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Authors: Weng, H. Y., Fox, A. S., Shackman, A. J., Stodola, D. E., Caldwell, J. Z. K., Olson, M. C., Rogers, G. M., & Davidson, R. J.
Affiliations: University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
ORCID: Fox, Andrew S.
Shackman, Alexander J.
Caldwell, Jessica Z. K.
Davidson, Richard J.
Venue: Psychological Science
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2013-05-21
Volume: 24
Issue: 7
Pages: 1171-1180
ISSN: 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
1467-9280
DOI: 10.1177/0956797612469537
PMC: PMC3713090
OpenAlex: W2102589785
Cited by: 602
References: 65
Citations by year: 2026: 24 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 4
FWCI: 48.88
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH018931)
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (P01AT004952)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P30HD003352)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: compassion training, altruism, compassion, inferior parietal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, social cognition, emotion regulation, reward processing
MeSH terms: Adult, Altruism, Brain, Brain Mapping, Emotions, Empathy, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Motivation, Neural Pathways, Nucleus Accumbens, Pain, Parietal Lobe, Social Behavior, Stress, Psychological, Prefrontal Cortex, Meditation, Young Adult, Functional Neuroimaging

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Compassion training alters altruism and neural responses to suffering.

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