Cited by 522Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsCancer-related cognitive impairment studies

Blood biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease in clinical practice and trials

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Hansson, Oskar, Blennow, Kaj, Zetterberg, Henrik, Dage, Jeffrey·2023·Nature Aging

Abstract

Blood-based biomarkers hold great promise to revolutionize the diagnostic and prognostic work-up of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in clinical practice. This is very timely, considering the recent development of anti-amyloid-β (Aβ) immunotherapies. Several assays for measuring phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in plasma exhibit high diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing AD from all other neurodegenerative diseases in patients with cognitive impairment. Prognostic models based on plasma p-tau levels can also predict future development of AD dementia in patients with mild cognitive complaints. The use of such high-performing plasma p-tau assays in the clinical practice of specialist memory clinics would reduce the need for more costly investigations involving cerebrospinal fluid samples or positron emission tomography. Indeed, blood-based biomarkers already facilitate identification of individuals with pre-symptomatic AD in the context of clinical trials. Longitudinal measurements of such biomarkers will also improve the detection of relevant disease-modifying effects of new drugs or lifestyle interventions.

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  • Blood-based biomarkers for AD could support the diagnosis of AD in clinical practice and improve the development of clinical trials for the earliest stages of AD.

    “Indeed, blood-based biomarkers for AD could pave the way in supporting the diagnosis of AD in clinical practice and in improving the development of clinical trials for the earliest stages of AD [53,54,55].”
  • Sufficiently high PPVs or NPVs of plasma biomarkers for AD pathology could circumvent the need for the majority of PET or CSF testing, with confirmatory testing used in remaining situations with lower predictive values.

    “Sufficiently high positive predictive values (PPVs) or negative predictive values (NPVs) of plasma biomarkers for AD pathology could circumvent the need for the majority of PET or CSF testing, with confirmatory testing used in remaining situations with lower predictive values3,16.”
  • Blood-based markers capable of detecting AD pathology have been developed.

    “In the last several years, blood-based markers (BBMs) capable of detecting AD pathology have been developed16–18.”
  • The two-cutoffs approach is currently employed for the FDA-approved CSF Lumipulse test and has been suggested for AD blood-based biomarkers, especially when very high accuracy is needed.

    “Notably, the two-cutoffs approach is currently employed for the FDA-approved CSF Lumipulse test42,43 and has been suggested for AD BBMs17,55, especially when very high accuracy is needed.”
  • Patients received diagnoses based on established clinical criteria only, without testing for ATN biomarkers in AD.

    “Second, patients received diagnoses based on established clinical criteria only,37,38 without testing for ATN biomarkers in AD such as the deposition of amyloid-β and tau proteins established via Positron Emission Tomography, CSF, or plasma in AD.94, 95, 96, 97”

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Authors
Hansson, O., Blennow, K., Zetterberg, H., & Dage, J.
Affiliations
  • Lund University (SE)
  • Sahlgrenska University Hospital (SE)
  • University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
  • Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
Corresponding author
Hansson, Oskar
Venue
Nature Aging
Published
2023-05-18
Volume
3
Issue
5
Pages
506-519
ISSN
2662-8465 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4377029875
Cited by
522
References
141
Citations by year
2026: 178 · 2025: 184 · 2024: 140 · 2023: 20
FWCI
23.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature Aging (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
  • Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Vetenskapsrådet (2022-00775)
  • Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse (2017-0383)
  • Hjärnfonden (FO2021-0293)
  • Cure Alzheimer’s Fund (NA)
  • Swedish federal government under the ALF agreement
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, blood biomarkers, amyloid-beta, anti-amyloid immunotherapy, preclinical Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, dementia prediction, diagnostic accuracy, prognostic model, memory clinics
MeSH terms
Alzheimer Disease, Humans, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Biomarkers, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Cognitive Dysfunction

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