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Moderate alcohol consumption reduces plasma C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels; a randomized, diet-controlled intervention study
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effect of moderate alcohol consumption on the acute phase proteins C-reactive protein and fibrinogen.Design Randomized, diet-controlled, cross-over study.Setting The study was performed at TNO Nutrition and Food Research, Zeist, The Netherlands.Subjects Ten middle-aged men and 10 postmenopausal women, all apparently healthy, non-smoking and moderate alcohol drinkers, were included. One women dropped out because of a treatment-unrelated cause. The remaining 19 subjects finished the experiment successfully.Interventions Men consumed four glasses and women consumed three glasses of beer or no-alcohol beer (control) with evening dinner during two successive periods of 3 weeks. The total diet was supplied to the subjects and had essentially the same composition during these 6 weeks. Before each treatment there was a 1 week washout period to compensate for possible carry-over effects.Results Plasma C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels were decreased by 35% (P=0.02) and 12.4% (P< or =0.001), respectively, after 3 weeks' consumption of beer, as compared to no-alcohol beer consumption.Conclusions Moderate alcohol consumption significantly decreased plasma C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels. An anti-inflammatory action of alcohol may help explain the link between moderate alcohol consumption and lower cardiovascular disease risk.Sponsorship Dutch Foundation for Alcohol Research (SAR).
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“The health benefits of long-term regular exercise are ascribed to the anti-inflammatory response elicited by an acute bout of exercise, which is partly mediated by muscle-derived IL-6.”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [207]
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“(1) Contracting skeletal muscle is a major source of circulating IL-6 in response to acute exercise.”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [207]
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BackgroundSelf-citationAlcohol and Acute Ischemic Stroke Onset
Mostofsky, E., Burger, M. R., Schlaug, G., Mukamal, K. J., Rosamond, W. D., & Mittleman, M. A. (2010) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.110.580092 · Cited by 58
“有报道中到大量的饮酒数小时内,酒精对生理功 能具有急性的潜在恶化的作用 ([1-4]),包括损害纤溶作 用 ([2,3]),增加血小板激活 [4] 及升高血压和心律 ([1])。另 一方面,中等量饮酒可有数小时 ([5-7])、数周 [8-12] 或数 年 [13-15] 的保护作用,包括增加纤溶活性 ([7,8])、改善脂 质谱 ([12])、改善炎性标志物 ([8,11])、改善血流介导的血管 扩张作用 ([5,6])、调节可溶性血管黏附因子 ([11,14])、增加胰 岛素敏感性 [9,15] 和脂联素 ([9,14])。然而,只有少部分研 究 [16-18] 检验了一过性饮酒后的缺血性卒中的危险度。”
Focus on the heart: alcohol consumption, HIV infection, and cardiovascular disease.
Freiberg, M. S., & Kraemer, K. L. (2010) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 53
Association of socioeconomic status with inflammatory markers: A two cohort comparison
Fraga, S. J. D. S., Marques-Vidal, P. M., Vollenweider, P., Waeber, G., Guessous, I., Paccaud, F. M., Barros, H., & Stringhini, S. (2014) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.11.031 · Cited by 49
“This finding was reported in other studies (Galan et al., 2014; Sierksma et al., 2002) although the specific mechanisms or a plausible explanation remains uncertain.”
ResultLevantesi, G., Marfisi, R., Mozaffarian, D., Franzosi, M. G., Maggioni, A. P., Nicolosi, G. L., Schweiger, C., Silletta, M. G., Tavazzi, L., Tognoni, G., et al. (2011) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.06.053 · Cited by 48
Alcohol inflammation and coronary heart disease
Imhof, A., & Köenig, W. (2003) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1080/13556210310001602176 · Cited by 50
“In more than 5200 Japanese males aged 23 – 59 years, alcohol consumption was associated with WBC in a U-shaped manner, independently of several potential confounding factors.38 Further- more, in a cross-over study comprising 10 men and nine women, Sierksma et al.39 could demonstrate a significant reduction of CRP conc…”
BackgroundThe effect of diets high in protein or carbohydrate on inflammatory markers in overweight subjects
Due, A., Toubro, S., Stender, S., Skov, A. R., & Astrup, A. V. (2005) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2004.00426.x · Cited by 47
Reid, M. C., Van Ness, P. H., Hawkins, K. A., Towle, V., Concato, J., & Guo, Z. (2006) · Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1177/0891988706286513 · Cited by 44
Lifestyle and Hypertension: An Evidence-Based Review
Bruno, C. M., Amaradio, M. D., Pricoco, G., Marino, E., & Francesca, B. (2018) · Journal of Hypertension and Management · doi:10.23937/2474-3690/1510030 · Cited by 50
Mediterranean-Type Diets as a Protective Factor for Asthma and Atopy
Vassilopoulou, Ε., Guibas, G. V., & Papadopoulos, N. G. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14091825 · Cited by 45
Moderate Alcohol Consumption and Insulin Sensitivity: Observations and Possible Mechanisms
Hendriks, H. (2007) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.01.009 · Cited by 44
Self-citationMuth, N. D., Laughlin, G. A., von Mühlen, D. G., Smith, S. C., & Barrett-Connor, E. L. (2010) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114510001595 · Cited by 42
“Perhaps a pro-inflammatory state such as CVD or consumption of alcohol, which has antiinflammatory effects((35,36)), alters the functionality of HDL subclasses.”
BackgroundSierksma, A., Vermunt, S. H. F., Lankhuizen, I. M., van der Gaag, M. S., Scheek, L. M., Grobbee, D. E., van Tol, A., & Hendriks, H. (2004) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1097/01.alc.0000122763.30770.f5 · Cited by 42
“In our previous dietcontrolled studies in postmenopausal women, serum HDL cholesterol levels increased by approximately 12% after 3 weeks of moderate alcohol consumption (Sierksma et al., 2002; Van der Gaag et al., 2000).”
Self-citationThe mechanism by which moderate alcohol consumption influences coronary heart disease
Mathews, M. J., Liebenberg, L., & Mathews, E. H. (2015) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-015-0011-6 · Cited by 43
“Typically elevations of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, increases in serum adiponectin levels [10], reduction in C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels [11], reduced serum fibrinogen levels [12], and increased insulin sensitivity [13] have all been suggested as possible positive influences of moderat…”
BackgroundModerate Alcohol Consumption and Chronic Disease: The Case for a Long‐Term Trial
Mukamal, K. J., Clowry, C. M., Murray, M. M., Hendriks, H., Rimm, E. B., Sink, K. M., Adebamowo, C., Dragsted, L. O., Lapinski, S., Lazo, M., et al. (2016) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.13231 · Cited by 41
“Although some studies have also found that alcohol intake reduces other markers of inflammation (Marfella et al., 2006; Sierksma et al., 2002), these effects have not been demonstrated with sufficient consistency to be firmly established.”
BackgroundSelf-citationVatsalya, V., Kong, M., Cave, M. C., Liu, N., Schwandt, M. L., George, D. T., Ramchandani, V. A., & McClain, C. J. (2018) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.05.003 · Cited by 41
“Interestingly, moderate alcohol consumption has been associated with a lowering of CRP [33, 34], suggesting that moderate drinking may have an anti-inflammatory effect.”
BackgroundAssociation between Dietary Inflammatory Index and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Mohseni, R., Abbasi, S., Mohseni, F., Rahimi, F., & Alizadeh, S. (2018) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1080/01635581.2018.1516787 · Cited by 41
Clifton, P. M. (2003) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-003-0032-z · Cited by 40
Gasowski, B., Leontowicz, M., Leontowicz, H., Katrich, E., Lojek, A., Čı́ž, M., Trakhtenberg, S., & Gorinstein, S. (2004) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.03.004 · Cited by 39
“[7] Sierksma A, van der Gaag WS, Kluft S, Hendriks HFJ.”
BackgroundAhmadi‐Abhari, S., Luben, R., Wareham, N. J., & Khaw, K. (2013) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/eci.12116 · Cited by 38
An update on alcohol and atherosclerosis
Li, J. M., & Mukamal, K. J. (2004) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/00041433-200412000-00008 · Cited by 38
Wine, beer and Chinese Baijiu in relation to cardiovascular health: the impact of moderate drinking
Kang, Q., Sun, J., Wang, B., & Sun, B. (2022) · Food Science and Human Wellness · doi:10.1016/j.fshw.2022.07.013 · Cited by 37
Effects of moderate beer consumption on blood lipid profile in healthy Spanish adults
Romeo, J., González‐Gross, M., Wärnberǵ, J., Díaz, L. E., & Marcos, A. (2007) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2007.03.007 · Cited by 39
Alcohol consumption and risk of bladder cancer in Los Angeles County
Jiang, X., Castelao, J. E., Groshen, S. G., Cortessis, V. K., Ross, R. K., Conti, D. V., & Gago-Domínguez, M. (2007) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.22743 · Cited by 36
Alcohol Consumption and Augmentation Index in Healthy Young Men: The ARYA Study
VANTRIJP, M., Beulens, J. W. J., Bos, W. J. W., Uiterwaal, C. S. P. M., Grobbee, D. E., Hendriks, H. F. J., & Bots, M. L. (2005) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/j.amjhyper.2004.12.011 · Cited by 35
Self-citationA DAILY GLASS OF RED WINE: DOES IT AFFECT MARKERS OF INFLAMMATION?
Retterstøl, L., Berge, K. E., Braaten, Ø., Eikvar, L., Pedersen, T. R., & Sandvik, L. (2005) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agh132 · Cited by 35
“Observational studies suggest that intakes of 20–40 g (Imhof et al., 2001) or one unit (Albert et al., 2003) of alcohol every day were associated with the lowest levels of inflammatory markers.”
BackgroundKinetics of Homocysteine Metabolism After Moderate Alcohol Consumption
Beulens, J. W. J., Sierksma, A., Schaafsma, G., Kok, F. J., Struys, E. A., Jakobs, C., & Hendriks, H. (2005) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1097/01.alc.0000163507.76773.1a · Cited by 35
Self-citationJakszyn, P. G., Cayssials, V., Buckland, G., Perez‐Cornago, A., Weiderpass, E., Boeing, H., Bergmann, M. M., Vulcan, A., Ohlsson, B., Masala, G., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.32870 · Cited by 35
Use of Obesity Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Epidemiology
Pischon, T. (2009) · Disease Markers · doi:10.1155/2009/757683 · Cited by 34
Aquilani, R., Zuccarelli, G. C., Condino, A. M., Catani, M., Rutili, C., Vecchio, C. D., Pisano, P., Verri, M., Iadarola, P., Viglio, S., et al. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9060637 · Cited by 36
“Together with increased ω3 [84], vitamin E [85] and moderate alcohol consumption [86] have an impact on CRP levels.”
BackgroundThe 1st World Congress on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome
Bloomgarden, Z. T. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.2.602 · Cited by 33
Effects of Ethanol Intoxication and Gender on Blood Coagulation
Spoerke, N. J., Underwood, S. A., Differding, J. A., Van, P., Sambasivan, C. N., Shapiro, D. S., & Schreiber, M. A. (2010) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/ta.0b013e3181d86860 · Cited by 31
Metadata
- Authors
- Sierksma, A., van der Gaag, M., Kluft, C., & Hendriks, H.
- Affiliations
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Hendriks, HFJ
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Published
- 2002-11-01
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1130-1136
- ISSN
- 0954-3007 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5640
- OpenAlex
- W2076812730
- Cited by
- 231
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 10.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- TNO Repository (submittedVersion)
- Repository hosted by TU Delft Library (TU Delft) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Blood properties and coagulation
- Keywords
- moderate drinking, beer, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, acute phase proteins, cardiovascular risk, postmenopausal women, middle-aged men, controlled diet
- MeSH terms
- Alcohol Drinking, Beer, C-Reactive Protein, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diet, Female, Fibrinogen, Humans, Cholesterol, HDL, Liver, Male, Middle Aged, Triglycerides, Postmenopause, Cross-Over Studies
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