Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism in Microglia
Open accessAbstract
Microglia, once viewed as static bystanders with limited homeostatic functions, are now considered key players in the development of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Microglial activation is a salient feature of neuroinflammation involving a dynamic process that generates multitudinous microglial phenotypes that can respond to a variety of situational cues in the central nervous system. Recently, a flurry of single cell RNA-sequencing studies have defined microglial phenotypes in unprecedented detail, and have highlighted robust changes in the expression of genes involved in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Increased expression of genes such as Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2) and Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) in microglia during development, damage, and disease, suggest that increased lipid metabolism is needed to fuel protective cellular functions such as phagocytosis. This review describes our current understanding of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in microglia, and highlights microglial lipid metabolism as a modifiable target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis.
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In AD brain microglia, mRNA of proteins involved in extracellular lipid uptake such as TREM2 and LPL are highly expressed.
“In our study, a series of proteins involved in extracellular lipid uptake, such as TREM2 and LPL (35), were highly expressed in mRNA in microglia obtained from the AD brain.”
From Reducing microglial lipid load enhances β amyloid phagocytosis in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model (2025) · cites this paper as [35]
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- Authors
- Loving, B. A., & Bruce, K. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bruce, Kimberley D.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Physiology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2020-04-28
- Volume
- 11
- Pages
- 393-393
- ISSN
- 1664-042X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7198855
- OpenAlex
- W3021410383
- Cited by
- 255
- References
- 242
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 6
- FWCI
- 3.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Physiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute (KL2TR002534)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Keywords
- microglia, lipid metabolism, lipoprotein metabolism, microglial activation, microglial phenotype, neuroinflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, apolipoprotein E, TREM2, lipoprotein lipase, phagocytosis, therapeutic target
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