Cited by 2,137Acute Ischemic Stroke ManagementCardiovascular Health and Risk FactorsGlobal Health and Epidemiology

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Global Burden of Stroke

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Katan, Mira, Luft, Andreas·2018·Seminars in Neurology

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Abstract

Stroke is the second leading cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide. Its incidence is increasing because the population ages. In addition, more young people are affected by stroke in low- and middle-income countries. Ischemic stroke is more frequent but hemorrhagic stroke is responsible for more deaths and disability-adjusted life-years lost. Incidence and mortality of stroke differ between countries, geographical regions, and ethnic groups. In high-income countries mainly, improvements in prevention, acute treatment, and neurorehabilitation have led to a substantial decrease in the burden of stroke over the past 30 years. This article reviews the epidemiological and clinical data concerning stroke incidence and burden around the globe.

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Background
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Background
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Retracted
Association of Glycoprotein IIIa PlA1/A2 Polymorphism with Risk of Stroke: Updated Meta-Analysis
Coadǎ, C. A., Lupu, M., Florea, I., Constanzo, S. D., Coluccelli, S., & Şimon, I. (2024) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb46060321 · Cited by 6
“Stroke represents a major health problem, as it ranks among the topmost contributors to global mortality and long-term disability [55,56].”
Background
Toxin-derived peptides: An unconventional approach to alleviating cerebral stroke burden and neurobehavioral impairments
Mumtaz, S. M., Khan, M. A., Jamal, A., Hattiwale, S. H., & Parvez, S. (2024) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122777 · Cited by 6
PEMOCS: Evaluating the effects of a concept-guided, PErsonalised, MOtor-Cognitive exergame training on cognitive functions and gait in chronic Stroke—study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Huber, S. K., Knols, R. H., Held, J. P. O., Betschart, M., & de Bruin, E. D. (2024) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-024-08283-7 · Cited by 11
“Stroke is a dominant global health burden and a major cause of long-term disability in adults [1–4].”
Background
Plasma Levels of Neuron/Glia-Derived Apoptotic Bodies, an In Vivo Biomarker of Apoptosis, Predicts Infarct Growth and Functional Outcome in Patients with Ischemic Stroke
Cicuéndez, I. D.-M., Castro‐Robles, B., Villar, M., García‐García, J., Martín, Ó. A., Serrano‐Heras, G., & Segura, T. (2024) · Translational Stroke Research · doi:10.1007/s12975-024-01283-4 · Cited by 6
Genome-wide association studies of ischemic stroke based on interpretable machine learning
Nikolić, S., Ignatov, D. I., Khvorykh, G. V., Limborska, S. A., & Владимирович, Х. А. (2024) · PeerJ Computer Science · doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.2454 · Cited by 6
“In general, stroke is the second or third most common cause of death and disability ( Katan & Luft, 2018 ).”
Association Between Monounsaturated Fatty Acid Intake and Risk of Total Stroke and Its Subtypes: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies
Mehrabani, A., Jalalzadeh, M., Jannati, N., Lotfi, K., Arzhang, P., & Azadbakht, L. (2024) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuae185 · Cited by 6
Larger Perfusion Mismatch Volume Is Associated With Longer Hospital Length of Stay in Medium Vessel Occlusion Stroke
Mei, J. Y., Salim, H. A., Lakhani, D. A., Balar, A., Vagal, V. S., Koneru, M., Wolman, D. N., Xu, R., Urrutia, V., Marsh, E. B., et al. (2025) · Journal of Neuroimaging · doi:10.1111/jon.70015 · Cited by 6
Prognostic Role of Carotid Plaque MRI Features in Cerebrovascular Accidents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Hemmati, H., Larijani, A., Mollaei, A., Ashoobi, M. A., Nikkhoy, A., Mozzayan, P. V., Hajari, M. A., Norouzi, N., Anvari, S., Farzin, M., et al. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2025.111478 · Cited by 6
Re-examining the exclusion criterion of early recurrent ischemic stroke in intravenous thrombolysis: A meta-analysis
Ignacio, K. H. D., Diestro, J. D. B., Espiritu, A. I., Spears, J., & Jose, M. C. Z. S. (2020) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2020.116709 · Cited by 6
Validation of the Spanish Version of Newcastle Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Measure (NEWSQOL)
Vidal, C. S., Pacheco‐da‐Costa, S., Calvo-Fuente, V., Fernández‐Guinea, S., González-Alted, C., & Gallego‐Izquierdo, T. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17124237 · Cited by 6
“It is the second cause of death and one of the main reasons of disability worldwide [3,4].”
Background
Factors Associated with Benzodiazepines Prolonged-Term Use in Post-Stroke Subjective Sleep Disturbance: A Single-Centre Retrospective Study from China
Guo-Zhong, M., Sun, L., Qie, Z., He, J., & Cui, F. (2021) · Drug Design Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s298552 · Cited by 6
Automated Detection of Ischemic Stroke and Subsequent Patient Triage in Routinely Acquired Head CT
Finck, T., Schinz, D., Grundl, L., Eisawy, R., Yiğitsoy, M., Moosbauer, J., Zimmer, C., Pfister, F., & Wiestler, B. (2021) · Clinical Neuroradiology · doi:10.1007/s00062-021-01081-7 · Cited by 7
THE INFLUENCE OF ACTIVE REHABILITATION ON THE RECOVERY OF COGNITIVE AND PSYCHOEMOTIONAL DISORDERS AFTER ISCHEMIC STROKE
Pushko, O. O. (2021) · Wiadomości Lekarskie · doi:10.36740/wlek202108123 · Cited by 6
“8 million deaths are expected by 2030 [1, 2].”
Background
fMRI-EEG Fingerprint Regression Model for Motor Cortex
Rudnev, V., Мельников, М. Е., Melnikov, M., Savelov, A. A., Shtark, M. B., & Sokhadze, E. M. (2021) · NeuroRegulation · doi:10.15540/nr.8.3.162 · Cited by 6
High-dose versus low-dose 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate for factor Xa inhibitor reversal in intracranial hemorrhage
Davis, S. D., Chauv, S., Hickman, A. W., Collingridge, D. S., Kjerengtroen, S., & Fontaine, G. (2021) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2021.10.026 · Cited by 6
Mechanical Thrombectomy with or without Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-Analysis for Randomized Controlled Trials
Li, H., Yang, S., Zhong, Y., Wang, J., Li, X., Gao, H., & Chen, G. (2021) · European Neurology · doi:10.1159/000520085 · Cited by 6
Indices of Loading and Propulsive Ability in the Gait of Patients With Chronic Stroke With Equinus Foot Deviation: A Correlation Study
Mazzoli, D., Basini, G., Prati, P., Galletti, M., Mascioli, F., Rambelli, C., Zerbinati, P., Campanini, I., & Merlo, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2021.771392 · Cited by 6
“The number of subjects facing a post-stroke condition continues to rise due to the increase and aging of the global population and to the decrease in mortality associated with acute vascular events (Patrick and Keenan, 2007; Katan and Luft, 2018) People who survive this acute event can develop pathological gait patter…”
Background
Assessment of Vo2peak and Exercise Capacity After Stroke: A Validity Study of the Human Activity Profile Questionnaire
de Brito, S. A. F., Aguiar, L. T., Quintino, L. F., Ribeiro-Samora, G. A., Britto, R. R., & Faria, C. D. C. D. M. (2022) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2022.01.141 · Cited by 6
Myelin Water Imaging of Nerve Recovery in Rehabilitating Stroke Patients
Park, M., Cho, Y., Kim, D. H., Choi, H. S., Kim, D., & Kim, D. Y. (2022) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.28185 · Cited by 6
“Stroke is one of the most common causes of disability in adults and the second largest cause of death worldwide.(1,2) Most stroke survivors go to a rehabilitation program which depends on overall health and degree of disability from the stroke.”
Background
Acute Stroke Care during COVID-19: National Data
Miekisiak, G. J., Pettersson, S. D., Szarek, D., Morasiewicz, P., Fercho, J. M., Adamski, S., Kipiński, L., & Szmuda, T. (2022) · Infectious Disease Reports · doi:10.3390/idr14020024 · Cited by 6
“Stroke is the second leading cause of death and one of the major causes of permanent disability worldwide [1].”
Background
A Unitary Caring Theory Perspective of Family Caregiving for Patients Hospitalized With a Stroke in Saudi Arabia
Alselami, S., & Butcher, H. K. (2022) · Nursing Science Quarterly · doi:10.1177/08943184211070608 · Cited by 6
“The American Heart Association projects the total cost of stroke, which encompasses both direct and indirect spending, to increase from $105.2 billion in 2012 to $240.7 billion by 2030 (Katan & Luft, 2018).”
BackgroundInfluential
Multimodal assessment of intensive care unit-acquired weakness in severe stroke patients
İnan, B., Bekircan‐Kurt, C. E., Ergul-Ulger, Z., Yılmaz, M., Dikmen, Z. G., Arsava, E. M., Topçuoğlu, M. A., Çağlar, Ö., Göksülük, M. B., Karaağaoğlu, E., et al. (2022) · Acta Neurologica Belgica · doi:10.1007/s13760-022-02009-9 · Cited by 7
Incidence, early case fatality and determinants of stroke in Iran: Golestan Cohort Study
Motamed-Gorji, N., Hariri, S., Masoudi, S., Sharafkhah, M., Nalini, M., Oveisgharan, S., Khoshnia, M., Motamed-Gorji, N., Gharavi, A., Etemadi, A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106658 · Cited by 6
Major Hemorrhage Risk Associated with Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Barakakis, P. A., Kokkinidis, D. G., Nagraj, S., Gidwani, V., Mavridis, T., & Ntaios, G. (2022) · Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.31083/j.rcm2310334 · Cited by 6
Elucidating the Role of Baseline Leukoaraiosis on Forecasting Clinical Outcome of Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Undergoing Reperfusion Therapy
Karatzetzou, S., Tsiptsios, D., Sousanidou, A., Christidi, F., Psatha, E. A., Chatzaki, M., Kitmeridou, S., Γιαννακού, Ε., Karavasilis, E., Kokkotis, C., et al. (2022) · Neurology International · doi:10.3390/neurolint14040074 · Cited by 6
The cost of ischaemic stroke in Croatia
Benković, V., Parker, M., Novaković, T., Meštrović, A., & Budinčević, H. (2023) · European Stroke Journal · doi:10.1177/23969873221123840 · Cited by 6
Evaluation of movement functional rehabilitation after stroke: A study via graph theory and corticomuscular coupling as potential biomarker
Hua, X., Li, J., Wang, T., Wang, J., Pi, S., Li, H., & Xi, X. (2023) · Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering · doi:10.3934/mbe.2023465 · Cited by 6
Texture analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient maps in predicting the clinical functional outcomes of acute ischemic stroke
Sun, Y. N., Zhuang, Y., Zhu, J., Song, B., & Wang, H. (2023) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1132318 · Cited by 6
“The burden of stroke has increased substantially over the past few decades due to an increasing and aging population as well as the increased prevalence of modifiable stroke risk factors, particularly in low-and middle-income countries (2).”
Background
A Digital Camera-Based Eye Movement Assessment Method for NeuroEye Examination
Hassan, M. A., Yin, X., Zhuang, Y., Aldridge, C., McMurry, T. L., Southerland, A. M., & Rohde, G. K. (2023) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2023.3285940 · Cited by 6
Enhanced lower-limb motor imagery by kinesthetic illusion
Wang, W., Shi, B., Wang, D., Wang, J., & Liu, G. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1077479 · Cited by 6
“Stroke disables or kills several million people each year (Beal, 2010; Katan and Luft, 2018).”
Background
Self-Supervised Few-Shot Learning for Ischemic Stroke Lesion Segmentation
Tomasetti, L., Hansen, S., Khanmohammadi, M., Engan, K., Høllesli, L. J., Kurz, K. D., & Kampffmeyer, M. (2023) · IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) · doi:10.1109/isbi53787.2023.10230655 · Cited by 6
“Towards this goal, we focus on understanding and segmenting ischemic brain tissue in patients suspected of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), which comprises the majority of strokes [4].”
Background
Herpes zoster associated with stroke incidence in people living with human immunodeficiency virus: a nested case–control study
Ku, H., Wu, Y., Yip, H., Hsieh, C., Li, C., Ou, H., Chen, Y., & Ko, N. (2023) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-023-08628-8 · Cited by 6
“An increasing number of individuals are experiencing hemorrhagic stroke with an 80% mortality rate at a younger age in low- and middle-income countries [3, 4].”
Background
Association between daily screen time and risk of stroke among middle-aged and elderly people: research based on China health and nutrition survey
Ren, Y., Sun, K., Rong, Y., Song, S., Zhai, Y., Miao, J., Shi, H., Xue, H., & Li, Z. (2023) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2023.1307930 · Cited by 6
The Prevalence of Depression and Its Correlates Among Informal Caregivers of Stroke Patients in an Urban Community
Rahman, W. M. A. W. A., & Mazlan, M. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.51486 · Cited by 9
Effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation over motor cortex on resting-state brain activity in the early subacute stroke phase: A power spectral density analysis
Bernardes, T. S., Santos, K. C. S., Nascimento, M. R., Filho, C. A. N. E. S., Bazán, R., Pereira, J. M., de Souza, L. A. P. S., & Luvizutto, G. J. (2024) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2024.108134 · Cited by 7
Toward an application of automatic evaluation system for central facial palsy using two simple evaluation indices in emergency medicine
Ikezawa, N., Okamoto, T., Yoshida, Y., Kurihara, S., Takahashi, N., Nakada, T., & Haneishi, H. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-53815-5 · Cited by 6
Pre‐morbid sleep disturbance and its association with stroke severity: results from the international INTERSTROKE study
Carthy, C. E. M., Yusuf, S., Judge, C. S., Ferguson, J. P., Hankey, G. J., Gharan, S. O., Damasceno, A. A. M., Iversen, H. K., Rosengren, A., Ogah, O. S., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.16193 · Cited by 6
“Severe stroke is associated with increased mortality, morbidity, health-care cost and disability-adjusted life-years [1, 2].”
Background
Research in the Acute Rehabilitation Setting: a Bridge Too Far?
Raghavan, P. (2019) · Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s11910-019-0919-x · Cited by 6
Is Anticoagulation Necessary for Severely Disabled Cardioembolic Stroke Survivors?
Jurjāns, K., Vikmane, B., Vētra, J., Miglāne, E., Kalējs, O., Priede, Z., & Millers, A. (2019) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina55090586 · Cited by 6
Data Acquisition and Control Architecture for Intelligent Robotic Exoskeletons in Rehabilitation
Vélez-Guerrero, M. A., & Callejas-Cuervo, M. (2019) · E-Health and Bioengineering Conference (EHB) · doi:10.1109/ehb47216.2019.8970015 · Cited by 6
Segmental Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis of the Body Composition of Affected and Unaffected Limbs After Hemiparetic Stroke
Kim, S. J., Yu, E.-H., Min, J. H., Shin, Y., Ko, H.-Y., & Ko, S. (2020) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/phm.0000000000001434 · Cited by 6

Authors: Katan, M., & Luft, A.
Affiliations: Department of Neurology, Stroke Center, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
University Hospital Zurich (CH)
Corresponding author: Luft, Andreas
ORCID: Luft, Andreas
Venue: Seminars in Neurology
Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Published: 2018-04
Volume: 38
Issue: 02
Pages: 208-211
ISSN: 0271-8235 (ISSN-L)
1098-9021
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1649503
OpenAlex: W2803306216
Cited by: 2,137
References: 57
Citations by year: 2026: 164 · 2025: 350 · 2024: 361 · 2023: 387 · 2022: 376 · 2021: 276 · 2020: 159 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 7
FWCI: 17.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Seminars in Neurology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Global Health and Epidemiology
Keywords: stroke, global burden of disease, stroke incidence, stroke mortality, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, disability-adjusted life years, population aging, young adults, low- and middle-income countries, ethnic disparities, stroke prevention, neurorehabilitation
MeSH terms: Humans, Sex Factors, Global Health, Disease Management, Stroke

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