Cited by 2,137Acute Ischemic Stroke ManagementCardiovascular Health and Risk FactorsGlobal Health and Epidemiology

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Global Burden of Stroke

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Katan, Mira, Luft, Andreas·2018·Seminars in Neurology

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Abstract

Stroke is the second leading cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide. Its incidence is increasing because the population ages. In addition, more young people are affected by stroke in low- and middle-income countries. Ischemic stroke is more frequent but hemorrhagic stroke is responsible for more deaths and disability-adjusted life-years lost. Incidence and mortality of stroke differ between countries, geographical regions, and ethnic groups. In high-income countries mainly, improvements in prevention, acute treatment, and neurorehabilitation have led to a substantial decrease in the burden of stroke over the past 30 years. This article reviews the epidemiological and clinical data concerning stroke incidence and burden around the globe.

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Background
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Background
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Astrocytic glycogen mobilization participates in salvianolic acid B-mediated neuroprotection against reperfusion injury after ischemic stroke
Guo, H., Zhang, Z., Gu, T., Yu, D., Shi, Y., Gao, Z., Wang, Z., Liu, W., Fan, Z., Hou, W., et al. (2021) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113966 · Cited by 30
Transplantation of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Neural Stem Cells Pretreated with Neuregulin1β Ameliorate Cerebral Ischemic Reperfusion Injury in Rats
Zhai, Q., Ren, Y., Ni, Q.-S., Song, Z., Ge, K., & Guo, Y. (2022) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom12030428 · Cited by 29
“Ischemic stroke is the second most common cause of death and disability in the world, and with the aging of the world’s population, the incidence of which is increasing year by year [1].”
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Rehabilitation efficacy comparison of virtual reality technology and computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment: A network meta-analysis
Xiao, Z., Wang, Z., Song, G., Zhong, Y., & Zhang, W. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2022.07.005 · Cited by 29
Eating Behaviors, Lifestyle, and Ischemic Stroke: A Lebanese Case-Control Study
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“Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability [1] on a global scale.”
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Ischemic stroke-related gene expression profiles across species: a meta-analysis
Rust, R. (2023) · Journal of Inflammation · doi:10.1186/s12950-023-00346-x · Cited by 28
“Stroke survivors have only limited therapeutic options and are often left with considerable disabilities [2, 3].”
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Memantine as a neuroprotective agent in ischemic stroke: Preclinical and clinical analysis
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“Acute stroke remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, currently the second leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for 6–7 million deaths in 2019 (Katan and Luft, 2018; Feigin et al., 2021).”
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Chronic pain following stroke: Current treatment and perceived effect.
Haslam, B. S., Butler, D., Kim, A. S., & Carey, L. (2020) · Disability and Health Journal · doi:10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.100971 · Cited by 29
Transplantation of Roxadustat‐preconditioned bone marrow stromal cells improves neurological function recovery through enhancing grafted cell survival in ischemic stroke rats
Chen, J., Lin, X., Yao, C., Bingwa, L. A., Wang, H., Lin, Z., Jin, K., Zhuge, Q., & Yang, S. (2022) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.13890 · Cited by 29
Ligustrazine-Loaded Borneol Liposome Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury in Rats
Wen, Y. M., Zhang, Z., Cai, Z., Liu, B., Wu, Z., & Liu, Y. (2022) · ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00847 · Cited by 28
Carotid plaque components and other carotid artery features associated with risk of stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Zhang, Y., Bai, Y., Xie, J., Wang, J., He, L., Huang, M., & Xu, F. (2022) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106857 · Cited by 33
Risk factor identification and prediction models for prolonged length of stay in hospital after acute ischemic stroke using artificial neural networks
Yang, C., Bamodu, O. A., Chan, L., Chen, J., Hong, C., Huang, Y.-T., & Chung, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1085178 · Cited by 33
“Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability globally, and its disease and healthcare burden have increased over the past three decades (1, 2, 4).”
Background
Associations between diagnosis with stroke, comorbidities, and activity of daily living among older adults in the United States
Ruksakulpiwat, S., Zhou, W., Phianhasin, L., Benjasirisan, C., Salehizadeh, S., Wang, L., & Voss, J. G. (2023) · Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/cdt3.60 · Cited by 28
LOX-1 (Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-1) Deletion Has Protective Effects on Stroke in the Genetic Background of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat
Liang, Y.-Q., Kakino, A., Matsuzaka, Y., Mashimo, T., Isono, M., Akamatsu, T., Shimizu, H., Tajima, M., Kaneko, T., Li, L., et al. (2020) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.120.029421 · Cited by 28
Ability of Local Clearance of Senescent Cells in Ipsilateral Hemisphere to Mitigate Acute Ischemic Brain Injury in Mice
Lu, K.-J., Sheu, J., Teng, R.-D., Jayakumar, T., Chung, C., & Hsieh, C. (2023) · International Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijbs.84060 · Cited by 27
Technological Advances in Stroke Rehabilitation
Rajashekar, D., Boyer, A., Larkin-Kaiser, K. A., & Dukelow, S. P. (2023) · Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pmr.2023.06.026 · Cited by 27
Small extracellular vesicles derived from cerebral endothelial cells with elevated microRNA 27a promote ischemic stroke recovery
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Immune cells: potential carriers or agents for drug delivery to the central nervous system
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The effect of exercise on balance function in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Zhou, Y., Ren, H., Hou, X., Dong, X., Zhang, S., Lv, Y., Li, C., & Yu, L. (2024) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-024-12467-1 · Cited by 27
“Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability worldwide [1, 2].”
Effectiveness of interventions to improve cardiovascular healthcare in rural areas: a systematic literature review of clinical trials
Ruiz-Pérez, I., Bastos, Á., Serrano-Ripoll, M. J., & Ricci‐Cabello, I. (2018) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.12.012 · Cited by 28
Upper-limb movement smoothness after stroke and its relationship with measures of body function/structure and activity – A cross-sectional study
Schiefelbein, M. L., Salazar, A. P., Marchese, R. R., Rech, K. D., Schifino, G. P., Figueiredo, C. S., Cimolin, V., & Pagnussat, A. S. (2019) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2019.04.017 · Cited by 27
Endovascular Thrombectomy for Low ASPECTS Large Vessel Occlusion Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Diestro, J. D. B., Dmytriw, A. A., Broocks, G., Chen, K. S., Hirsch, J. A., Kemmling, A., Phan, K. H., & Bharatha, A. (2020) · Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques · doi:10.1017/cjn.2020.71 · Cited by 27
“Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of mortality and preventable disability.(1,2) The treatment of acute debilitating large vessel occlusion ischemic stroke has been revolutionized in the wake of multiple randomized controlled trials that show superior clinical and radiologic outcomes with endovascular thrombectomy (EV…”
Focal Muscle Vibration for Stroke Rehabilitation: A Review of Vibration Parameters and Protocols
Wang, H., Chandrashekhar, R., Rippetoe, J., & Ghazi, M. (2020) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app10228270 · Cited by 27
Association of total pre-existing comorbidities with stroke risk: a large-scale community-based cohort study from China
Zhang, Y. P., Wang, C., Liu, D., Zhou, Z., Gu, S., & Zuo, H. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-12002-1 · Cited by 29
Successful Application of Alpha Lipoic Acid Niosomal Formulation in Cerebral Ischemic Reperfusion Injury in Rat Model
Estabragh, M. A. R., Pardakhty, A., Ahmadzadeh, S., Dabiri, S., Afshar, R. M., & Abbasi, M. F. (2021) · Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.34172/apb.2022.058 · Cited by 28
Neuroplasticity after upper-extremity rehabilitation therapy with sensory stimulation in chronic stroke survivors
Schranz, C., Vatinno, A. A., Ramakrishnan, V., & Seo, N. J. (2022) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcac191 · Cited by 27
Returning to Leisure Activity Post-Stroke: Barriers and Facilitators to Engagement
Harrison, J., Thetford, C., Reeves, M. J., Brown, C., Joshi, M., & Watkins, C. L. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192114587 · Cited by 26
“Introduction Stroke is a worldwide problem that causes significant mortality and disability [1,2].”
Background
Intravenous Administration of Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Subacute Phase of Cerebral Infarction in a Mouse Model Ameliorates Neurological Disturbance by Suppressing Blood Brain Barrier Disruption and Apoptosis via Immunomodulation
Yoshida, Y., Takagi, T., Kuramoto, Y., Tatebayashi, K., Shirakawa, M., Yamahara, K., Doe, N., & Yoshimura, S. (2021) · Cell Transplantation · doi:10.1177/09636897211024183 · Cited by 27
Time course response after single injection of botulinum toxin to treat spasticity after stroke: Systematic review with pharmacodynamic model-based meta-analysis
Ojardias, É., Ollier, É., Lafaie, L., Célarier, T., Giraux, P., & Bertoletti, L. (2021) · Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2021.101579 · Cited by 26
Prediction of robotic neurorehabilitation functional ambulatory outcome in patients with neurological disorders
Kuo, C.-Y., Liu, C.-W., Lai, C., Kang, J., Tseng, S., & Su, E. C. (2021) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-021-00965-6 · Cited by 26
“Introduction Neurological disorders are often chronic and debilitating, and place heavy burdens on families and society [1].”
Background
Age and composition of the thrombus retrieved by mechanical thrombectomy from patients with acute ischemic stroke are associated with revascularization and clinical outcomes
Shimizu, H., Hatakeyama, K., Saito, K., Shobatake, R., Takahashi, N., Deguchi, J., Tokunaga, H., Shimada, K., Nakagawa, I., Myochin, K., et al. (2022) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2022.09.004 · Cited by 26
Vibrotactile enhancement in hand rehabilitation has a reinforcing effect on sensorimotor brain activities
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“Stroke is one of the leading causes of human death and disability worldwide, with typical sequelae of motor dysfunction, including loss of hand function (Katan and Luft, 2018).”
Background
Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Augmented with Motor Imagery and Upper-Limb Functional Training for Upper-Limb Stroke Rehabilitation: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Kashoo, F. Z., Al-Baradie, R. S., AlZahrani, M., Alanazi, A., Manzar, M. D., Gugnani, A., Sidiq, M., Shaphe, M. A., Sirajudeen, M. S., Ahmad, M., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192215199 · Cited by 29
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Background
Review of microwave imaging algorithms for stroke detection
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Background
Pre-stroke Disability and Long-Term Functional Limitations in Stroke Survivors: Findings From More of 12 Years of Follow-Up Across Three International Surveys of Aging
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BackgroundResult
The Circadian System Is Essential for the Crosstalk of VEGF-Notch-mediated Endothelial Angiogenesis in Ischemic Stroke
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Post-Stroke Depression in Older Adults: An Overview
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“Stroke is among the top ten leading causes of death and long-term disability globally and disproportionately effects aging populations (Katan and Luft 2018).”
Minimally invasive implantation of scalable high-density cortical microelectrode arrays for multimodal neural decoding and stimulation
Hettick, M., Ho, E., Poole, A. J., Monge, M., Papageorgiou, D., Takahashi, K., LaMarca, M., Trietsch, D., Reed, K., Murphy, M. E., et al. (2025) · Nature Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s41551-025-01501-w · Cited by 43
Electroacupuncture Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Histone H4 Lysine 16 Acetylation-Mediated Autophagy
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“Each value was normalized to the percentage of input DNA by using IP/INPUT= 2CtInput DNA – Ct IP DN (26).”
Method
Preclinical Stroke Research and Translational Failure: A Bird’s Eye View on Preventable Variables
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Authors: Katan, M., & Luft, A.
Affiliations: Department of Neurology, Stroke Center, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
University Hospital Zurich (CH)
Corresponding author: Luft, Andreas
ORCID: Luft, Andreas
Venue: Seminars in Neurology
Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Published: 2018-04
Volume: 38
Issue: 02
Pages: 208-211
ISSN: 0271-8235 (ISSN-L)
1098-9021
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1649503
OpenAlex: W2803306216
Cited by: 2,137
References: 57
Citations by year: 2026: 164 · 2025: 350 · 2024: 361 · 2023: 387 · 2022: 376 · 2021: 276 · 2020: 159 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 7
FWCI: 17.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Seminars in Neurology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Global Health and Epidemiology
Keywords: stroke, global burden of disease, stroke incidence, stroke mortality, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, disability-adjusted life years, population aging, young adults, low- and middle-income countries, ethnic disparities, stroke prevention, neurorehabilitation
MeSH terms: Humans, Sex Factors, Global Health, Disease Management, Stroke

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